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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of Auerbach's plexus? What is the function of Meissner's plexus?
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Auerbach's plexus (Myenteric) = MOTILITY
Meissner's plexus (Submucosal) = SECRETIONS |
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Local Reflex Arcs are associated with what plexus?
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It is associated with the submucosal and myenteric plexuses
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T/F Central Reflex Arcs have cell bodies in the submucosa
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FALSE!
Cell bodies are in the DRG |
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What cells located between that longitudinal and smooth muscle layers, generate slow waves?
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Interstitial cells.
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Do slow waves have input from the CNS?
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No.
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What determines the rate of peristalsis?
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slow waves
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Does the esophagus have slow waves? Where are slow waves first seen?
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the esophagus does not have slow waves and the slow waves are first seen in the stomach
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Where is the masticatory center which is responsible for oscillatory pattern of movements seen during mastication located?
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in the BRAINSTEM
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What is deglutition?
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swallowing
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The involuntary phase of deglutition is controlled by what part of the CNS?
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The pons and medulla
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Where are tactile receptors that are stimulated by a bolus for swallowing located ?
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They are located in the pharynx
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What forces the bolus into the esophagus?
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a peristaltic wave of contraction in the muscles of the pharynx
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Primary Peristalsis takes ____ seconds to go from ____ to stomach and it is controlled by the ____ nerve.
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10 seconds, esophagus, vagal
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What controls the second peristalsis?
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intrinsic nervous system
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T/F Esophageal peristalsis is influenced the the rate of swallowing and size of bolus
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TRUE
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What plexuses are responsible for motility and secretion in the stomach?
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vagus and celiac plexus
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T/F in response to gastric filling, FUNDUS and BODY are induced to relax by the the vagus
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TRUE
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In which anatomical part of the stomach does most mixing occur?
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ANTRUM
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What factors slow emptying?
- low or high ph? -hyper/hypo tonic? -peptides/amino acids/or fats? |
LOW pH, HYPERtonicity, and PEPTIDES and AMINO ACIDS
- because they have a high nutritive value. |
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What is responsible for emptying large chunks of undigested material from the stomach?
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Migrating Myoelectric Complex
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Vomiting is controlled by the _____ through ______ innervation and it is ______movement
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Medulla, Extrinsic, retrograde
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What is the most common type of movement in the small intestines?
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Segmentation - contraction of CIRCULAR muscle layer
(Peristalsis is also responsible but much less) |
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What is absorbed in the colon?
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salts and water
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In the fasting state, what is responsible for the contractile behavior of small intestines?
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Migrating myoelectric complex
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What innervates the proximal colon? what innervates the descending colon through anal canal ?
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proximal colon - vagus
descending colon through anal canal - pelvic nerves |
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What is Hirschsprung disease?
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absence of intramural plexuses colon remains constricted.
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What are the contractions in the colon?
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Haustral contraction- haustral shuttling of chyme
Mass movements - haustra disappear and are replaced by wakes of contraction resembling intesnse peristaltic waves - 1-3 times a day NO MMC IN COLON |
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What is secreted by the Parotid gland? Submandibular and sublingual?
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Parotid is Purely SEROUS AMYLASE
Submandibular and sublingual is mixed, more viscous saliva with mucins and amylase |
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What do acinar cells secrete?
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protein rich glycoproteins
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What happens to the concentration of Na, HCO3, CL, and pH as flow rate of saliva increases?
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ALL INCREASE. => saliva becomes LESS hypotonic.
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When saliva is first secreted it is ______, then as excretory ducts modify the secretions through removal of Na, Cl, and adding K+ and HCO3, it becomes HYPOTONIC
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Isotonic
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T/F Parasympathetic innervation in salivary glands stimulates low volume, low protein secretions.
Sympathetic? |
FALSE!!
Parasympathetic stimulates high volume, protein containing secretions Sympathetic stimulates low volume, high protein saliva. (NOTE: removal of sympathetic nerves does not really affect salivary glands, but removal of parasympathetic glands causes ATROPHY) |
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What is the only gastric secretion required to maintain life?
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Intrinsic factor - binds to B12 and allows it to be absorbed
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What cells secrete HCL?
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parietal
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T/F Vomiting leads to hypokalemia
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TRUE
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What is the neurotransmitter, paracrine, and hormone involved in gastric acid decretion?
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Neurotransmitter - Ach that binds to muscarinic (M3) receptors
Paracrine - from enterochromaffin cells and stimulate acid secretion through H2 receptors hormone - gastrin produce histamine release. |
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What drug block the action of Ach binding to muscarininc receptors and what drug blocks action of histamine.
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Atropine and Cimetidine
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Do prostaglandins, somatostatin, and Epidermal growth factors inhibit or stimulate secretion of acid?
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INHIBIT
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Sight, smell, taste of food stimulates what phase of increased acid secretion?
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cephalic
- mediated by vagus |
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How does somatostatin inhibit secretions of gastric acids?
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It inhibits HCL from parietal cells, gastrin from G cells, and histamine from ECL cells
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What stimulates the gastric phase?
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distention of stomach and amino acids which bind to antral G cells to stimulate release of gastrin
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T/F Increase in pH blocks the increase in gastric acid secretion induced by distention
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FALSE.
a DECREASE <3 in pH will do this |
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What stimulates pepsinogen secretion ?
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Activation of vagal cholinergics is the most important stimulus, low gastric pH.
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What does the sphincter of Oddi connect?
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it connects the main collecting duct into the duodenum
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Does the pancreatic juice contain high levels or low levels of enzymes in the cephalic stage?
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lov volume, high enzyme content
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Acid in the small intestine stimulates secretion of _____
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secretin
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CCK stimulates secretion of ______, Secretin stimulates aqueous secretoin
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enzymes
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CCK is released by the _____ in response to fat
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duodenum
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CCK causes ______ of glallbladder and _____ of sphincter of Oddi
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contraction, relaxation
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T/F: Enteric nervous system is independent of CNS
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TRUE
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Receptive Relaxation is dependent on innervation by what nerve?
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vagus
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Fats in duodenum stimulates secretoion of ___ volume and ____ high protein content
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low, high
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What inhibits gastric juice emptying ?
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antral pH 3.0
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Contraction unique to colon?
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Mass movement
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Is saliva hypotonic or hypertonic to plasma?
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hypotonic
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Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system stimulates ___ volume, ___ protein content of saliva
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low, high
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What is the main stimulus for bile secretion?
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presence of bile in hepatic portal system
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Which type of motility is most common in fed state for small intestine?
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segmentation
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