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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In glycogen, the chains are formed by ____ glycosidic linkages while the branches are ____ glycosidic linkages.
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alpha-1,4/alpha-1,6
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The key regulatory enzyme in glycogen breakdown is ____.
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Phosphorylase
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The key regulatory enzyme in glycogen synthesis is ____.
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Glycogen Synthase
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The formation of primers to initiate glycogen synthesis is carried out by ___.
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Glycogenin
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This hormone leads to glycogen synthesis.
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Insulin
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Phosphorylase b is converted to phosphorylase a by ____.
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Phosphorylase Kinase
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The active form of glycogen synthase is ___.
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Dephosphorylated.
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The active form of glucose used in glycogen synthesis is ____.
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UDP Glucose
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The enzyme which removes the glucose residue at branch points of glycogen during glycogen breakdown is ____.
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Debranching Enzyme
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Phosphorylase kinase is regulated by ____.
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Calcium Ions and cAMP activated PKA
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Debranching enzyme produces ____.
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Glucose
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Phosphorylase a in the liver is allosterically regulated by ____.
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Glucose
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When protein phosphatase 1 is active,
a.) glycogen synthesis predominates b.) glycogen breakdown predominates c.) neither d.) both |
Glycogen synthesis predominates.
This is because PP1 dephosphorylates phosphorylase a converting it to the inactive form phosphorylase b, resulting in no degradation. |
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The key enzyme in glycogen degradation is ___.
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Phosphorylase
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What molecule must be excluded from the active site of glycogen phosphorylase?
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Water
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What is the function of liver glycogen degradation?
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For glucose export to other tissues when glucose levels are low.
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The two hormones that signal for glycogen breakdown are ____ and ____.
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Epinephrine and Glucagon
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The enzyme that removes the phosphate from glycogen synthase, converting it to the active a form is ____.
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Protein Phosphatase 1
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Why is glycogen branching important?
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1.) Increases solubility
2.) More terminals = faster breakdown/synthesis |
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The efficiency of glycogen storage in terms of energy cost is about __%
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97%
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The major non-hormonal signal used by the liver to signal the need for glycogen synthesis is ____.
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The blood glucose concentration.
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