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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Militia |
Part-time citizen soldiers who defend their communities in emergency's |
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Standing Army |
A permanent Army of professional soldiers |
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General warrants |
Orders allowing government agents to search anywhere and anyone they wanted |
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Writ of assistance |
A type of General warrant used by British Customs officials to search colonial homes and businesses for smuggled goods on which import taxes had not been paid |
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Warrants |
Court orders allowing certain actions such as arrests or searches |
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Probable cause |
A reasonable belief that a particular person has committed a particular crime |
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Exclusionary rule |
Legal doctrine that excludes from a trial any evidence seized illegally by police |
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Grand jury |
A large jury normally of 23 citizens that determines if there is enough evidence to charge a defendant with a crime |
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Petit jury |
A trial jury usually a six to twelve citizens that decides the facts in a civil or criminal case |
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Indictment |
Formal criminal charge issued by a grand jury when a prosecutor has enough evidence for trial |
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Presentment |
Formal criminal charge issued by a grand jury independent from a prosecutor |
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Information |
A sworn statement by a prosecutor that he has enough evidence for a trial |
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Double Jeopardy |
Trying a defendant more than once for the same offense |
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Self incrimination |
Compelling and defendant to testify against himself |
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Inquisition |
Questioning accused persons under oath to determine their guilt |
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Acquisition |
Forcing the government to prove its case through evidence |
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Eminent domain |
The government's power to take private property for public use |
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Venue |
The location of a trial |
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Sequestering |
Isolating the jury from the community and the news media during a trial |
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Plea bargains |
Process in which the defendant pleads guilty to criminal charges in exchange for a reduced sentence |
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Voir dire |
Questioning potential jurors to reveal their biases and knowledge of the case |
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Peremptory challenge |
Excluding a potential juror without cause |
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Arraignment |
A court hearing where the defendant pleads guilty or innocence |
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Felony |
A serious crime with the sentence of more than a year in prison |
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Misdemeanor |
A minor offense with a sense of a brief trial term or a small fine |
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Cross examination |
The process of asking questions to challenge it Witnesses testimony |
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Hearsay |
Testimony about the statement of a third-party rather than something directly observed |
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Subpoena |
A court order forcing a witness to testify or produce relevant evidence |