Kaplan 700 With Chinese Translation

To step down from a position of Power

/əˈbeɪəns; ə`beəns/
n [U] (idm 习语) be in abeyance; fall/go into abeyance (of a right, rule, problem, etc) be suspended temporarily; not be in force or use for a time （指权利, 规则等）暂时中止; （指问题等）缓议; 暂时无效或停用
*The question is in abeyance, ie left unanswered, eg until more information is obtained. 这个问题暂时搁置（如待获得更多资料时再行解决）.
* This law falls into abeyance when the country's security is threatened. 当国家安全受到威胁时, 这项法规暂停实施.

/əˈbluːʃn; əb`luʃən/
n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml or joc 文或谑) ceremonial washing of the body, hands, sacred vessels, etc （对身体, 手, 圣器等的）洗礼
*perform one's ablutions, ie wash oneself 沐浴.

ˊæbnigeit vt. 放棄,舍棄,戒禁

/əˈbrɪdʒ; ə`brɪdʒ/
v [Tn] make (a book, etc) shorter, esp by using fewer words; condense 删节, 节略（书等）
*an abridged edition/version of `War and Peace' 《战争与和平》的节略版[节本].

/ˈæbrəgeɪt; `æbrəˌˇet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) cancel, repeal or annul (sth) 废止; 废除; 取消; 宣告无效
*abrogate a law, custom, treaty 废除一法例, 习俗, 条约.

/əbˈskɒnd; əb`skɑnd/
v
1 [I, Ipr] ~(from...) go away suddenly and secretly, esp in order to avoid arrest 潜逃; 逃亡
*He absconded from the country. 他已潜逃出境.
2 [Ipr] ~ with sth go away taking sth to which one has no right 携赃潜逃
*He absconded with￡8000 stolen from his employer. 他偷了雇主8000英镑, 携赃潜逃了.

/əbˈzɒlv; əb`zɑlv/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/of sth)
1 (fml esp law 文, 尤用于法律) clear sb (of guilt); declare sb free (from blame, a promise, a duty, etc) 开脱某人（的罪责）; 宣布免除某人（所受的责难, 要履行的诺言, 要负的责任等）
*The court absolved the accused man (from all responsibility for her death). 法官判决被告无罪（对她的死亡不必负任何责任）.
2 give absolution to sb 赦免某人的罪责
*absolve repentant sinners 赦免悔改的罪人.

/ˈæbstɪnəns; `æbstənəns/
n [U] ~ (from sth) abstaining, esp from food or alcoholic drinks 禁绝（尤指食物或酒）
*total abstinence 完全戒酒.

/əbˈstruːs; əb`strus/
adj difficult to understand 难解的; 深奥的.

/əˈbɪzməl; ə`bɪzml/
adj
1 (infml 口) extremely bad 极坏的
*live in abysmal conditions 在极恶劣的情况下生活
* His manners are abysmal. 他态度极其恶劣.
2 extreme; utter 极端的; 完全的
*abysmal ignorance 极端的无知.

/ˈækəleɪd; [US]

әˊkuːtәmәnt n. 軍人的配備,服裝

/əˈsɪdjʊləs; [US]

/ˌækwɪˈes; ˌækwɪ`ɛs/
v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) accept sth without protest; offer no opposition (to a plan, conclusion, etc) 默认; 顺从; 默许（一计划, 结论等）
*Her parents will never acquiesce in such an unsuitable marriage. 她的父母决不会答应这门不相宜的婚事.

/əˈkwɪt; ə`kwɪt/
v (-tt-)
1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) declare sb to be not guilty (of a crime, etc); free or clear sb (of blame, responsibility, etc) 宣告某人无罪; 给某人平反, 免除责任
*The jury acquitted him of (the charge of) murder. 陪审团宣告他谋杀罪（的罪名）不成立. Cf 参看 convict.
2 [Tn] ~ oneself well, badly, etc behave or perform in a specified way （以某种方式）活动或表现
*He acquitted himself bravely in the battle. 他在战斗中表现得很勇敢.

/əˈdʒʊə(r); ə`dʒᴜr/
v [Dn.t] (fml 文) command or request (sb) earnestly or solemnly 恳切地或郑重地命令或要求（某人）
*I adjure you to tell the truth before this court. 我要求你对本庭说实话.

/ˈædʌmbreɪt; æd`ʌmbret/
v [Tn] (fml 文)
1 indicate (sth) faintly or in outline 略微地或概括地暗示（某事物）.
2 suggest (esp a coming event) in advance; foreshadow 预示, 预告（尤指即将发生的事）;预兆.

/ˌædvenˈtɪʃəs; ˌædvɛn`tɪʃəs/
adj (fml 文) not planned; accidental 未经计划的; 偶然的
*an adventitious occurrence 偶发事件.

/ˈædvəkeɪt; `ædvəket/
v [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg] speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support 拥护; 提倡; 支持
*I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策.
* Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗?

/ˈædvəkət; `ædvəkət/
n
1 ~ (of sth) person who supports or speaks in favour of a cause, policy, etc （对一事业, 方针, 政策等的）支持者, 拥护者, 鼓吹者, 提倡者
*a lifelong advocate of disarmament 为裁军奋斗终生的人.
2 person who pleads on behalf of another, esp a lawyer who presents a client's case in a lawcourt 律师. Cf 参看 barrister, solicitor.
3 (idm 习语) devil's advocate => devil.

/ˈiːdʒɪs; `idʒɪs/
n (idm 习语) under the aegis of sb/sth with the protection or support of sb/sth, esp a public institution 在某人或某事物（尤指公共机构）的保护或支持下
*Medical supplies are being flown in under the aegis of the Red Cross. 在红十字会的保护下, 正在空运进医药用品.

/iːsˈθetɪk; ɛs`θɛtɪk/
(US also esthetic / es5WetIk; Zs`WZtIk/) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]
1 (a) concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty 有关美的; 美学的
*aesthetic standards 美学标准
* an aesthetic sense 美感.
(b) appreciating beauty and beautiful things 对美和美的事物欣赏的; 审美的
*an aesthetic person 有美感的人.
2 pleasing to look at; artistic; tasteful 悦目的; 艺术的; 雅致的
*aesthetic design 美观的设计
* Their furniture was more aesthetic than practical. 他们的家具华而不实.

/əˈfɪnətɪ; ə`fɪnətɪ/
n
1 [U, C] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) structural resemblance or similarity of character; relationship 构造相似; 特点相近; 关系
*There is
(a) close affinity between Italian and Spanish. 意大利语和西班牙语很近似.
* Early man shows certain affinities with the ape. 早期的人类和猿有某些相似之处.
2 [C] ~ (to/for sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) strong liking for or attraction to sb/sth 强烈喜爱（某人[某事物]）
*They share a special affinity. 他们有共同的特殊爱好.
* She has a strong affinity for Beethoven. 她酷爱贝多芬的乐曲.
3 [C] ~ (with sb) (law 律) relationship, esp by marriage （尤指姻亲）关系
*He was not an impartial witness because of his affinity with the accused. 他不是公正的见证人, 因为他与被告有姻亲关系.
4 [C] ~ (for sth) (chemistry 化) tendency of certain substances to combine with others 亲和性; 亲和力
*the affinity of salt for water 盐对水的亲和力.

әˊfleitәs n. 一陣風,靈感

the belief that things ultimately lead to good

/əˈdʒendə; ə`dʒɛndə/
n (list of) matters of business to be discussed at a meeting, etc 在会议上要讨论的事项（单）; 议事单; 议程表
*What is the next item on the agenda? 议程表上的下一项是什么?
* The agenda for the meeting is as follows.... 这次会议的议程如下....

/əˈgrændaɪz; ə`ˇrænˌdaɪz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) increase the power, rank, wealth or importance of (a person or country) 加大, 扩张, 增加（个人或国家的权力, 力量, 级别, 财富或重要性）.

әˊgriːv v. 使悲傷,使委屈,使苦惱

ˊægneit a. 父方的,同族的,同種族的
n. 父方,同族親屬,同種族

/əˈkɪmbəʊ; ə`kɪmbo/
adv (idm 习语) with arms akimbo => arm. =>illus at arm 见 arm 之插图.

/əˈlækrətɪ; ə`lækrətɪ/
n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) prompt and eager readiness 爽快; 乐意
*He accepted her offer with alacrity. 他欣然接受了她的建议.

/ˈælkəmɪ; `ælkəmɪ/
n [U] medieval form of chemistry, the chief aim of which was to discover how to turn ordinary metals into gold 炼金术（中世纪化学, 其主要目的是寻求将普通金属转变成黄金的方法）.

ˊeiliәtɑːi a. 貪圖僥幸的,偶然的

/əˈluːʒn; ə`luʒən/
n ~ (to sb/sth) indirect reference 间接提及; 暗指; 典故
*Her poetry is full of obscure literary allusions. 他的诗里用了很多晦涩的文学典故.
* He resents any allusion to his baldness. 他讨厌人家影射他秃顶.

/ˌæltruːˈɪstɪk; ˌæltrᴜ`ɪstɪk/
adj.

ˊæmbjulәtәri a. 移動的;步行的

/əˈmiːlɪəreɪt; ə`milɪəˌret/
v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become better （使某事物）变得更好, 改善, 改良
*ameliorate conditions, circumstances, living standards, etc 改进情况, 改善环境, 提高生活水平.

/ˈæmnəstɪ; `æmnəstɪ/
n general pardon, esp for offences against the State 大赦（尤指对国家所犯的罪行）
*An amnesty has been declared. 已经宣布大赦了
* The rebels returned home under a general amnesty. 造反的人经大赦释放回家.

ˊɑːnә n. 言論集,語錄,軼事

/əˈnæθəmə; ə`næθəmə/
n
1 [U, C] detested person or thing 极讨厌的人或事物
*Racial prejudice is (an) anathema to me. 我对种族偏见深恶痛绝.
2 [C] formal declaration of the Christian Church, excommunicating sb or condemning sth as evil （基督教把某人逐出教会或谴责某事物为邪恶的）咒诅.

/ænˈsɪlərɪ; [US]

/ˌænɪˈmɒsətɪ; ˌænə`mɑsətɪ/
n [C, U] ~ (against/towards sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) strong dislike or of hostility 憎恶; 敌意; 仇恨
*He felt no animosity towards his critics. 他对批评他的人并不怀恨在心.
* I could sense the animosity between them. 我能觉察出他们彼此间的敌意.

/ˈænɪməs; `ænəməs/
n [U]
1 animosity shown in speech or action （表现在语言或行动中的）敌意, 恶意, 仇恨.
2 (psychology 心) masculine part of a woman's personality （女性人格中的）男性基质.

/əˈnɒmələs; ə`nɑmələs/
adj different from what is normal; irregular 异常的; 不规则的
*He is in an anomalous position as the only part-time worker in the firm. 他与众不同, 是公司里唯一的兼职人员.

反常狀態

/ˌæntɪdɪˈluːvɪən; ˌæntɪdɪ`luvɪən/
adj
1 of the time before Noah's Flood 挪亚洪水以前的.
2 (infml or joc 口或谑) completely out of date; old-fashioned 完全过时的; 旧式的
*His ideas are positively antediluvian! 他的思想是纯粹的老古董!

ænˊtinәmi n. 矛盾,二律相悖

æntipәdl a. 對跖地的,對跖的,正相反的

/əˈfeɪzɪə; [US]

/ˈæfərɪzəm; `æfəˌrɪzəm/
n short wise saying; maxim 格言; 警句.

/əˈpɒkrɪfl; ə`pɑkrəfəl/
adj not likely to be genuine; untrue or invented 不足凭信的; 伪的; 虚构的
*Most of the stories about his private life are probably apocryphal. 有关他私生活的事可能大部分都是虚构的.

/ˈæpəpleksɪ; `æpəˌplɛksɪ/
n [U] sudden inability to feel or move, caused by the blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain 中风, 卒中（由脑血管栓塞或破裂而引起的突然失去知觉或瘫痪）. Cf 参看 stroke1 7.

/əˈpɒstəsɪ; ə`pɑstəsɪ/
n
(a) [U] abandoning one's religious beliefs, principles, political party, etc 放弃宗教信仰; 背教; 变节; 脱党.
(b) [C] instance of this 背教; 变节; 脱党.

/ˈærəbl; `ærəbl/
n [U], adj (land that is) suitable for ploughing and for growing crops 适于耕作的（土地）; 可耕的（土地）.

/ˈɑːdjʊəs; [US]

/ˈærənt; `ærənt/
adj [attrib 作定语] (of a bad person or thing) to the highest degree; utter （指坏人或坏事）绝顶的, 十足的, 完全的
*an arrant fool, hypocrite, liar, rogue, etc 十足的傻瓜, 伪君子, 说谎者, 流氓等
* He's talking arrant nonsense. 他完全胡说八道.

æriˊviːst n. 野心家;暴發戶

/əˈsetɪk; ə`sɛtɪk/
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] not allowing oneself pleasures and comforts; having or involving a very austere life 不让自己快乐和舒服的; 苦行的; 过极简朴生活的
*the ascetic existence of monks and hermits 僧侣隐士的清苦生活.

n person who leads a very simple life without basic comforts, esp for religious reasons 苦行者; 苦行修道者.

/ˌeɪˈseptɪk; [US]

/əˈsɪdjʊəs; [US]

/ˌæsɪgˈneɪʃn; ˌæsɪˇ`neʃən/
n (fml or rhet 文或修辞) arrangement to meet sb, esp secretly or illicitly 约会, 幽会（尤指秘密的或不正当的）
*an assignation with a lover 与情人的幽会.

ætrәˊbiliәs a. 沉悶的,疑心的

/ɔːgˈment; ɔˇ`mɛnt/
v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) larger in number or size; increase 增多; 增大; 增加
*augment one's income by writing reviews 藉写书评而增加收入.

/ɒˈstɪə(r), also ɔːˈstɪə(r); ɔ`stɪr/
adj
1 (of a person or his behaviour) severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts （指人或行为）束身自修的, 苦行的
*monks leading simple, austere lives 过着清苦生活的僧侣.
2 (of a building or place) very simple and plain; without ornament or comfort （指建筑物或地方）简朴的, 无装饰的, 简陋的
*The room was furnished in austere style. 这间屋子的陈设都很简单朴素.

/əˈvɜːʃn; [US]

/ˈbækənl; `bækənl/
n (pl ~s or ~ia/ 9bAk-E5neIlIE; 9bAkE`nelIE/) (dated or fml 旧或文) bout of noisy, drunken merrymaking 狂饮作乐. > bacchana-lian/ 9bAkE5neIlIEn; 9bAkE`nelIEn/ adj
*bacchanalian revels 狂欢作乐的饮宴.

ˊbeilәwik n. 執行官之職,範圍

/bəˈnɑːl; [US]

routine, mechanical, boring

/ˈbændɪ; `bændɪ/
v (pt, pp bandied)
1 (idm 习语) bandy `words (with sb) (dated 旧) exchange words, etc, esp when quarrelling 吵嘴; 顶嘴
*Don't bandy words with me, young man! 别跟我强嘴, 小伙子!
2 (phr v) bandy sth about (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) pass on (a rumour, information, etc), often in a thoughtless way 传播（谣言、消息等）（常为漫不经心地）
*The stories being bandied about are completely false. 这些道听途说的事全属子虚.
* Her name is being bandied about as the next chairperson. 到处传说她将作下届主席.

/ˈbændɪ; `bændɪ/
adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of the legs) curving outwards at the knees （指腿部）膝向外弯曲的.

/bəˈrɒk; [US]

/ˈbeɪθɒs; `beθɑs/
n [U] sudden change (in writing or speech) from what is deeply moving or important to what is foolish or trivial; anticlimax 突降（指在文章或讲话中, 从精采动人或意义重大的内容突然转入荒谬或平淡的内容）; 突降法（从高潮突然降为低潮的修辞法）.

/bɪˈgrʌdʒ; bɪ`ˇrʌdʒ/ v
1 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] resent or be dissatisfied with (sth) 对（某事物）感到不快或不满
*I begrudge every penny I pay in tax. 我交税交的每一便士心里都不痛快.
2 [Dn.n] envy (sb) the possession of (sth) 忌妒（某人）有（某事物）
*Nobody begrudges you your success. 没有人忌妒你的成功.

biˊhiːmɒθ n. [像河馬的] 巨獸

/bɪˈlaɪ; bɪ`laɪ/
v (pres p belying, pp belied) [Tn]
1 give a wrong or an untrue idea of (sth) 使人对于（某事物）产生错误的或不符合实际的想法
*His cheerful manner belied his real feelings. 他那快活的样子掩饰了他的真实感情.
2 fail to justify or fulfil (a hope, promise etc) 不足以证明; 未能实现（希望、诺言等）
*Practical experience belies this theory. 实际经验证明这个理论是错误的.

ˊbellweðә n. 系鈴羊,前導,領導者

/ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃn; ˌbɛnə`dɪkʃən/
n [C, U] blessing, esp one said before a meal or at the end of a church service 祝福（尤指餐前或礼拜结束时的祝祷）
*pronounce/say the benediction 祝福
* confer one's benediction on sb 祝福某人.

/bɪˈnaɪn; bɪ`naɪn/
adj
1 (of people or actions) kindly; gentle （指人或行为）慈祥的, 和善的.
2 (of climate) mild; pleasant （指气候）温和的, 宜人的.
3 (of a tumour, etc) not likely to spread or recur after treatment; not dangerous （指肿瘤等）良性的, 无危险的.

ˊbenizn n. 祝福,祝禱

/bɪˈsmɜːtʃ; bɪ`smɝtʃ/
(also smirch) v [Tn] (fml 文) dishonour (sb/sth); slander 玷污（某人[某事物]）; 诽谤
*besmirch sb's reputation, name, honour, etc 败坏某人的名誉、名声、荣誉等.

/ˈbɪbjʊləs; `bɪbjələs/
adj (joc 谑) excessively fond of or addicted to alcoholic drink 嗜酒的; 有酒瘾的.

ˊbaifәːkeitid 分為二部分的

/ˈbɪlɪəs; `bɪljəs/
adj
1 caused by or suffering from too much bile 因胆汁过多而引起的; 患胆病的
*a bilious attack 胆病发作
* I feel a little bilious after last night's dinner. 我昨天吃过晚饭後, 感到有点不舒服.
2 bad-tempered; irritable 脾气不好的; 易怒的.
3 of a sickly yellowish colour (similar to bile) 黄疸颜色的
*a bilious (shade of) green 黄绿色.

/ˈbɪvʊæk; `bɪvᴜˌæk/
n temporary camp without tents or any other cover, esp used by soldiers or mountaineers （无帐篷或其他遮盖物的）临时营地（尤指士兵或登山者所用的）.

v [I] (-ck-) make or camp in a bivouac 在露天地上宿营
*We bivouacked on the open plain. 我们在开阔的原野上露营.

/blɑːntʃ; [US]

/blaɪð; blɑɪð/
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] happy and carefree; casual 快乐无忧的; 漫不经心的
*a blithe lack of concern 漠不关心
* a blithe spirit, ie a happy person 快乐的人.

bɒn a. 良好的;佳的

buːndɒgl vi. 做細小而無用的事
n. 細小而無用的事,手工品

ˊbɒski a. 矮林叢生的,有叢林的,有樹蔭的

/bɒtʃ; bɑtʃ/
v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work; repair sth badly （笨手笨脚地）弄坏某事物; 把某物修理得很糟
*a botched job, ie a piece of work that is done badly 笨活儿
* The actor botched (ie forgot or stumbled over) his lines. 那演员把台词念糟了.
* The mechanic tried to repair my car, but he really botched it up. 那个技工想把我的汽车修好, 可是他一修更糟了.

/ˈbaʊdləraɪz; `baᴜdləˌraɪz/
v [Tn] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) remove words or scenes considered indecent from (a book, play, etc); expurgate; censor 删除（书刊、剧本等中）有伤风化的词语或场面;删去; 删改.

adj (esp of weather conditions) invigorating; stimulating （尤指天气情况）令人振奋的, 给人带来活力的
*bracing sea air 宜人的海滨空气
* a bracing walk 令人心神爽快的散步.

brægәˊdoutʃiou n. 自誇,吹牛大王

/brəʊtʃ; brotʃ/
v [Tn]
1 make a hole in (a barrel) to draw off the liquid inside; open (a bottle, etc) to use the contents 在（桶）上打眼放出液体; 打开（瓶子等）以使用其中之物
*Let's broach another bottle of wine. 我们再打开一瓶酒吧.
2 (fig 比喻) begin a discussion of (a topic) 开始商讨（一议题）
*He broached the subject of a loan with his bank manager. 他向银行经理提出贷款问题.

/brʊk; brᴜk/ n small stream 小溪.

/brʊk; brᴜk/
v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] (fml 文) (usu with a negative 通常与否定词连用) tolerate (sth); allow 忍受（某事物）; 容让
*a strict teacher who brooks no nonsense from her pupils 不容学生胡闹的严格的女教师
* I will not brook anyone interfering with my affairs. 我决不让任何人干预我的事.

ˊbrʌmәdʒәm a. 便宜貨的,冒充的,假的
n. 便宜貨

/bəˈfuːn; bə`fun/
n ridiculous but amusing person; clown 滑稽有趣的人; 丑角
*play the buffoon 扮演丑角.

/ˈbʊlwək; `bᴜlwɚk/
n
1 wall, esp of earth, built as a defence 壁垒（尤指用泥土堆砌者）; 防御工事.
2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that supports, defends or protects 支持, 防御或保护的人或事物
*Democracy is a bulwark of freedom. 民主是自由的保障.
3 (usu pl 通常作复数) ship's side above the level of the deck 舷墙（甲板线以上的船侧）.

/ˈbʌmpʃəs; `bʌmpʃəs/
adj (derog 贬) (of a person, his manner, etc) self-important and conceited （指人、举止等）自负的, 傲慢的, 骄横的
*bumptiousofficials, behaviour 骄横的官员、行为.

extremely intricate or complicated in structure

/kəˈbæl; kə`bæl/
n [CGp, C] (group of people involved in a) secret political plot 政治阴谋（集团）.

/kæʃ; kæʃ/
n
(a) place for hiding food, treasure or weapons 隐藏食物、财宝或武器的地方; 贮藏处.
(b) hidden store of food, etc （隐藏的食物等的）贮存物
*an arms cache 贮藏的武器.

v [Tn] place (sth) in a cache 将（某物）藏于贮藏处.

/ˈkæʃeɪ; [US]

kәˊdjuːsiti n. 早落性,暫時,無常,衰老

/ˈkæləs; `kæləs/
adj
1 cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的; 无同情心的
*a callous person, attitude, act 冷酷无情的人、态度、行为.
2 (of the skin) hardened, eg by rough work （指皮肤）硬化的, 起茧子的（如因做粗重活儿所致）.

/ˈkæləmnɪ; `kæləmnɪ/
n (fml 文)
1 [C] false statement about sb, made to damage his character 诬蔑; 中伤
*a victim of vicious calumnies 恶毒诬蔑的受害者.
2 [U] slander 诽谤
*accuse sb of calumny 控告某人诽谤.

/kæˈnɑːd, ˈkænɑːd; kə`nɑrd/
n false report or rumour 虚报; 谎报; 谣传.

ˊkændә n. 坦白,直率

/kəˈpɪtʃʊleɪt; kə`pɪtʃəˌlet/
v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) surrender (to sb), esp on agreed conditions （向某人）投降（尤指根据商定的条件）.

/kəˈprɪʃəs; kə`prɪʃəs/
adj characterized by sudden changes in attitude or behaviour; unpredictable; impulsive （态度或行为）反覆无常的, 变幻莫测的, 任性的
*Romantic heroines are often capricious. 浪漫的女主人公往往难以捉摸.
* (fig 比喻) a capricious climate, ieone that is always changing 多变的气候.

/ˈkæstɪgeɪt; `kæstəˌˇet/
n [Tn] (fml 文) scold, criticize or punish (sb) severely 严厉责骂、批评或惩罚（某人）.

/ˈkætəklɪzəm; `kætəˌklɪzəm/
n sudden violent change or disaster, eg a flood, an earthquake, a revolution or a war 突发的剧烈变动或灾难（如洪水、地震、革命或战争）.

/kəˈθɑːsɪs; kə`θɑrsɪs/
n (pl -ses/ -si:z; -siz/)
1 [C, U] (instance of the) release of strong feelings through the effect of art, esp drama （通过艺术作用, 尤指戏剧）强烈情感的发抒.
2 [U] (medical 医) emptying of the bowels 导泻; 通便.

/ˈkɔːstɪk; `kɔstɪk/
adj
1 that can burn or destroy things by chemical action 腐蚀性的; 苛性的.
2 (fig 比喻) (of comments) sarcastic; cutting （指评论）讽刺的; 挖苦的
*caustic remarks 刻薄话
* a caustic wit 言词尖刻的人.

/ˈkævl; `kævl/
v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) make unnecessary complaints (about sth) （对某事物）无端指摘, 挑剔, 吹毛求疵
*He cavilled at being asked to cook his own breakfast. 他嗔怪让他自己做早饭.

/sɪˈlerətɪ; `səlɛrətɪ/
n [U] (arch 古) quickness 敏捷; 迅速.

/ˈsenʃə(r); `sɛnʃɚ/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) criticize sb severely; rebuke sb formally 严厉批评某人; 正式责备某人
*Two MPs were censured by the Speaker. 有两个议员遭到议长的责备.

n [U] strong criticism or condemnation; reprimand 指责; 遣责; 斥责
*pass a vote of censure (on sb) 通过（对某人的）不信任投票
* lay oneself open to (ie risk) public censure 给人以责难的口实.

/senˈtrɪfjʊgl, also ˌsentrɪˈfjuːgl; sɛn`trɪfjuˇl/
adj
(a) moving away from the centre or axis 离心的.
(b) of or using centrifugal force 离心力的; 用离心力的.

/ˈtʃeərɪ; `tʃɛrɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (of sth)
1 cautious; wary 小心的; 谨慎的; 仔细的
*chary of lending money 贷款谨慎的.
2 sparing 节省的; 舍不得的
*chary of giving praise, ie seldom praising people 不轻易赞扬人的.

/tʃæˈstaɪz; tʃæs`taɪz/
v [Tn] (fml 文) punish (sb) severely, esp by beating 严惩（某人）（尤指责打）.

/ʃɪˈkeɪnərɪ; ʃɪ`kenərɪ/
n
1 [U] use of clever but misleading talk in order to trick sb, esp in legal matters; dishonest practice 耍花招哄骗别人（尤指于法律事务中）; 不诚实的行为
*accuse a politician of chicanery 谴责一政客的欺骗手段.
2 [C] trick or deception 哄骗; 欺骗.

/kaɪˈmerɪkl; kaɪ`mɛrɪkl/
adj unreal; fanciful 不真实的; 奇异的
*chimerical ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的主意、计划等.

/ˈkrɒnɪk; `krɑnɪk/
adj
1 (esp of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）长期的, 慢性的; 连续复发的
*chronic bronchitis, arthritis, etc 慢性支气管炎、关节炎等
* the country's chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题. Cf 参看 acute.
2 having had a disease or a habit for a long time 长期患病的; 长期有某种习惯的
*a chronic alcoholic, invalid, etc 长期酗酒的、病弱的等.
3 (Brit sl 俚) very bad 极坏的
*The film was absolutely chronic. 这个电影糟透了.

/ˌsɜːkəmləˈkjuːʃn; ˌsɝkəmlo`kjuʃən/
n [C, U] (instance of the) use of many words to say sth that could be said in a few words 累赘的说法; 迂回的说法.

/ˈsɜːkəmspekt; `sɝkəmˌspɛkt/
adj [usu pred 通常作表语] considering everything carefully before acting; cautious; wary 小心; 慎重; 细心.

klæk n. 劇院雇用的拍手喝彩員

/ˈklemənsɪ; `klɛmənsɪ/
n [U] (fml 文)
1 mildness (esp of weather) 温和（尤指天气）.
2 mercy (esp when punishing sb) 仁慈（尤指惩罚某人时）
*He appealed to the judge for clemency. 他乞求法官开恩.

the intellectual elite

/kliːk; klik/
n [CGp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) small group of people, often with shared interests, who associate closely and exclude others from their group 小集团; 派系; 朋党
*The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals. 这俱乐部被知识分子小集团把持着.

/klaʊt; klaᴜt/
n (infml 口)
1 [C] heavy blow with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 敲, 打
*get a clout across the back of the head 脑後受到狠狠一击.
2 [U] power or influence 权力; 影响力
*This union hasn't much clout with the Government. 这个组织对政府没有什么影响力.

v [Tn] (infml 口) hit (sb/sth) heavily with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 打（某人[某物]）.

/ˌkəʊəˈles; ˌkoə`lɛs/
v [I] (fml 文) combine and form one group, substance, mass, etc 联合; 结合; 合并
*The views of party leaders coalesced to form a coherent policy. 党的领导人的各种观点已统一为一致的政策.

/ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt; `kɑdʒəˌtet/
v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (about/on) sth (fml or joc 文或谑) think deeply about sth 深思某事物; 仔细思考.

/ˌkəʊˈhɪərənt; ko`hɪrənt/
adj (of ideas, thoughts, speech, reasoning, etc) connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clear （指看法、思想、言语、推理等）有条理的, 前後一致的, 易懂的, 清楚的
*a coherent analysis, argument, description, etc 前後一致的分析、论证、描述等
* The Government lacks a coherent economic policy. 政府的经济政策缺乏一致性.
* He's not very coherent on the telephone. 他打电话时语无伦次.

/kəˈləʊkwɪəl; kə`lokwɪəl/
adj (of words, phrases, etc) belonging to or suitable for normal conversation but not formal speech or writing （指词语等）口语的, 口头的. Cf 参看 informal, slang.

/kəmˈpætəbl; kəm`pætəbl/
adj ~ (with sb/sth)
(a) (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together （指人、想法、论点、原则等）适合的; 适宜的; 能共存的; 符合的; 相容的
*The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因不合而分居.
* driving a car at a speed compatible with safety, ie at a safe speed 以符合安全要求的速度驾驶.
(b) (of equipment) that can be used together （指设备）可协同使用的, 兼容的
*This printer is compatible with most microcomputers. 这台打印机是与大多数微型电子计算机兼容的.

/kəmˈpendɪəm; kəm`pɛndɪəm/
n (pl ~s or -ia) ~ (of sth)
1 brief but full account; summary 简洁而全面的叙述; 摘要; 概要; 纲要
*This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge. 这部百科全书真正是知识宝库.
2 (Brit) set of different board games sold in one box （装在一个盒子里出售的）各种棋类游戏用具.

/kəmˈpɔːt; kəm`pɔrt/
v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth (fml 文) conduct oneself in the specified way; behave （行为）表现
*comport oneself with dignity/in a dignified manner 举止庄重.

/kəmˈpʌŋkʃn; kəm`pʌŋkʃən/ n [U] ~ (about doing sth) (fml 文) (usu in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) feeling of guilt or regret for one's action 内疚; 後悔; 懊悔
*She kept us waiting without the slightest compunction. 她一直让我们等着却毫无歉意.
* If I could find the people responsible, I would have no compunction about telling the police. 我要知道是谁干的就去报警而毫不後悔.

/kənˈkɒmɪtənt; kən`kɑmətənt/ adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) accompanying; happening together 伴随的; 同时发生或出现的
*concomitant circumstances, events, etc 伴随的情况、事情等
* travel and all its concomitant discomforts 旅行及随之而来的不适.

n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) thing that typically happens with sth else 伴随发生的事; 伴随物
*the infirmities that are the concomitants of old age 年老而虚弱.

/ˌkɒnfləˈgreɪʃn; ˌkɑnflə`ˇreʃən/
n (fml 文) great and destructive fire 大火; 大火灾.

kәnˊtenʃәs a. 好爭吵的,愛爭論的,有異議的

/kənˈveɪ; kən`ve/
v
1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from...) (to...) (fml 文) take sb/sth; carry sb/sth; transmit sb/sth 运载; 运送某人[某物]
*Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators. 通过管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里.
* This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载人又载货.
* a message conveyed by radio 由无线电传递的讯息.
2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) make (ideas, feelings, etc) known to another person 表达或传达（思想、感情等）
*a poem that perfectly conveys (to the reader) the poet's feelings/what the poet feels （向读者）充分地表达出诗人思想感情的诗篇
* Words cannot convey how delighted I was. 言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦.
* Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向您母亲转达我的祝愿.
* Blenkinsop? No, the name doesn't convey anything to me, ie I do not know or recognize it. Blenkinsop?我不知道这个名字.
3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (law 律) transfer full legal rights to the ownership of (land, property, etc) to sb 转让（土地、财产等）.

/kənˈvɪkʃn; kən`vɪkʃən/
n
1 ~ (for sth)
(a) [U] the convicting of a person for a crime 定罪; 科刑
*an offence which carries, on conviction, a sentence of not more than five years' imprisonment 定罪後可判处五年以下监禁的罪行.
(b) [C] instance of this 定罪
*She has six convictions for theft. 她有六次因盗窃而被判刑.
2 [U, C] ~ (that...) firm opinion or belief 坚定的看法或信仰
*It's my conviction (ie I firmly believe) that complacency is at the root of our troubles. 我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源.
* Do you always act in accordance with your convictions? 你是否一贯地本着你的信念行事?
3 [U] believable quality 可信性
*She'd made such promises before, and they lacked conviction/didn't carry much conviction. 她以前也作过这样的许诺, 但都不足信.
4 (idm 习语) be open to conviction => open1. have/lack the courage of one's convictions => courage.

/ˈkəʊpɪəs; `kopɪəs/
adj
1 plentiful; abundant 丰富的; 大量的
*copious flowers, tears, words 许多花、眼泪、话
* She supports her theory with copious evidence. 她以大量的例证来充实自己的理论.
* I took copious notes. 我作了详细的笔记.
2 (of a writer) writing or having written much; prolific （指作家）多产的
*a copious writer of detective stories 写侦探小说的多产作家.

/kəˈrɒbəreɪt; kə`rɑbəˌret/
v [Tn] confirm or give support to (a statement, belief, theory, etc) 证实, 支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）
*Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言.

kɒːˊteiʒ n. 行列,扈從,隨從

/ˈkəʊtərɪ; `kotərɪ/
n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) small group of people with shared activities, interests, tastes, etc, esp one that tends to be exclusive （由有共同的活动、兴趣、爱好等人组成的）小圈子, （尤指排外的）小集团
*a literary coterie 一帮文人.

/ˈkʌvɪt; `kʌvɪt/
v [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) want very much to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）; 觊觎
*covet sb's position, status, possessions, rewards 觊觎某人的职位、地位、财产、报酬
* this year's winner of the coveted Nobel Prize, ie which everyone would like to win 许多人梦寐以求的诺贝尔奖之本年度获得者.

/ˈkreɪvn; `krevən/
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly 怯懦的; 胆小的
*craven behaviour, submission, etc 怯儒的行为、顺服的举动
* a craven deserter 胆怯的逃兵.

/kraɪˈtɪərɪən; kraɪ`tɪrɪən/
n (pl -ria / -rIE; -rIE/) standard by which sth is judged （评判的）标准, 尺度
*Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life. 能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准.
* What are the criteria for deciding (ie How do we decide) who gets the prize? 评定获奖者以什么作标准?

/ˈkʌlvət; `kʌlvɚt/
n drain that crosses beneath a road, railway, etc; underground channel for electrical cables （公路、铁路等的）涵洞; 地下电缆道.

/ˈkɜːsərɪ; `kɝsərɪ/
adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的
*a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥、粗略的一看、草草的检查等
* He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了.

ˊdiːdl a. 巧妙的,錯綜復雜的,千變萬化的

/dɜːθ; dɝθ/
n [sing] ~ (of sth) shortage; scarcity 缺乏; 稀少
*There seems to be a dearth of good young players at the moment. 目前似乎好的年轻选手太少了.

/deɪˈbɑːkl; de`bɑkl/
n
(a) sudden and complete failure; fiasco 突然的大失败; 惨败
*His first performance was a debacle
*the audience booed him off the stage. 他的首场演出一败涂地, 观众发出嘘声把他轰下了台.
(b) retreat by beaten troops who run away scared and in disorder 败军在慌乱中的溃逃
*Many men were shot or captured in the debacle. 败军在溃逃时有很多人被击毙或俘虏.

/dɪˈsɪdjʊəs, dɪˈsɪdʒʊəs; dɪ`sɪdʒᴜəs/
adj (of a tree) that loses its leaves annually, usu in autumn （指树木）每年（通常在秋季）落叶的
*deciduous forests 落叶林. Cf 参看 evergreen. =>illus at App
1 见附录1之插图, page i.

/ˈdesɪmeɪt; `dɛsəˌmet/
v [Tn]
(a) kill or destroy a large part of (sth) 杀死或毁坏（某物）之大部
*Disease has decimated the population. 疾病使大部分人死亡.
(b) (infml 口) reduce (sth) considerably 相当程度地减少、降低（某事物）
*Student numbers have been decimated by cuts in grants. 助学金削减後, 学生人数大大减少.

diˊfælkeit vi. 挪用公款,虧空

diːfenisˊtreiʃәn n. 丟出窗外

/ˈdefərəns; `dɛfərəns/
n [U]
1 giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, usu out of respect; respect 遵从; 服从; 顺从; 尊敬; 尊重; 敬重
*treat one's elders with due deference 以应有的尊敬对待较自己年长的人
* show deference to a judge 表示对裁判的尊重.
2 (idm 习语) in deference to sb/sth out of respect for sb/sth 出于对某人[某事物]的尊重
*In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks. 我出于对主人的尊敬, 不对他那易引起争论的话表示异议.

/deft; dɛft/
adj ~ (at sth/doing sth) skilful and quick, esp with the hands 熟练的, 灵巧的, 敏捷的（尤指用手）
*With deft fingers she untangled the wire. 她用灵巧的手指解开了金属线.
* She is deft at dealing with reporters. 她善于与记者周旋.

/ˈdiːɪzəm; `diɪzəm/
n [U] belief in the existence of God that is based more on natural laws of the world than on divine revelation 自然神论（一种对神的信仰, 其理论基础是大自然的规律而不是神的启示）. Cf 参看 theism.

/ˌdelɪˈtɪərɪəs; ˌdɛlə`tɪrɪəs/
adj ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) harmful 有害的
*have a deleterious effect on a child's development 对孩子的发育有不良影响.

/dɪˈlɪnɪeɪt; dɪ`lɪnɪˌet/
v [Tn] (fml 文) show (sth) by drawing or describing; portray 画出或描述出（某事物）; 描绘; 描写
*delineate sb's features, character 描绘某人的面貌、性格
* delineate one's plans 描述某人的计划.

/dɪˈluːd; dɪ`lud/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth/into doing sth) deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb 诳惑某人; 欺骗某人; 哄骗某人
*a poor deluded fool 受骗的可怜傻瓜
* delude sb with empty promises 以虚假的诺言哄骗某人
* delude oneself with false hopes 以虚幻的希望欺骗自己
* delude sb/oneself into believing that... 欺骗某人[自己]误以为....

ˊdemiˊmɒːnd n. 行為放蕩的女人

/ˌdeɪˈnuːmɒŋ; [US]

/dɪˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn; dɪˌnʌnsɪ`eʃən/
n [C, U](act of) denouncing 谴责; 斥责
*her fierce denunciation(s) of her enemies 她对仇敌的强烈谴责.

/dɪˈprævətɪ; dɪ`prævətɪ/
n
1 [U] state of being depraved; corruption 堕落; 腐化
*a life of depravity 腐化的生活
* sunk in depravity 堕落.
2 [C] depraved act 堕落的行为
*the depravities of a corrupt ruler 腐败的统治者的堕落行为.

/dɪˈpriːʃɪeɪt; dɪ`priʃɪˌet/
v
1 [I] become less valuable 贬值
*Shares in the company have depreciated. 该公司的股票已经贬值.
2 [Tn] state that (sth) is not valuable, important, etc; disparage 贬低; 轻视
*Don't depreciate my efforts to help/what I have done. 不要轻视我为帮忙所付出的努力[我已做的事].

ˊdeprideit vt.
vi. 掠奪,毀壞

/dɪˈskraɪ; dɪ`skraɪ/
v (pt, pp descried) [Tn] (fml 文) see (sth) esp a long way away; catch sight of 看见（某物）（尤指从远处）; 望见
*I descry a sail on the horizon. 我看见在天水交接处的轮船.

/ˈdesɪkreɪt; `dɛsɪˌkret/
n [Tn] treat (a sacred thing or place) in an unworthy or evil way 亵渎（圣物或圣地）
*desecrate a grave, chapel, monument, etc 亵渎坟墓、小教堂、纪念碑等.

/ˈdesɪkeɪt; `dɛsəˌket/
v [Tn] remove all the moisture from (esp solid food) to preserve it 除去（尤指食物的）水分; 使脱水
*desiccated fruit/coconut 水果[椰子]乾.

/ˈdestɪtjuːt; [US]

/ˈdaɪədem; `daɪəˌdɛm/
n crown worn as a sign of royal power 王冠, 冕（王权的象徵）.

/ˈdaɪətraɪb; `daɪəˌtraɪb/
n ~ (against sb/sth) lengthy and bitter attack in words 长篇抨击; 长时间的谩骂
*a diatribe against the police state 对警察国家的连声怒骂.

/daɪˈkɒtəmɪ; daɪ`kɑtəmɪ/
n ~ (between A and B) (fml 文) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc 一分为二; 二分; 二分法
*the dichotomy between peace and war 和平与战争之一分为二
* They set up a false dichotomy between working and raising a family, ie wrongly claim that one cannot do both. 他们错误地把工作与养育儿女两者对立起来.

/dɪˈdæktɪk, daɪ-; daɪ`dæktɪk/
adj (fml 文)
1 intended to teach 教导的; 教诲性的; 说教的
*didactic poetry, methods 教诲诗、教导方法.
2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) that seems to treat the listener, reader, etc like a child in school 对待听者、读者等有如小学生似的; 教书式的
*I don't like her didactic way of explaining everything. 我不喜欢她那种像教小孩子一样解释一切的方法.

/dɪˈfjuːz; dɪ`fjuz/
v
1 [Tn] spread (sth) all around; send out in all directions 散布; 传播
*diffuse a scent, an odour, light, heat, learning, knowledge 散发香气、散发气味、传送光、传导热、传授学问、传播知识
* He diffuses enthusiasm all around him. 他热情奔放.
* posters diffusing party propaganda 政党的宣传海报
* diffused lighting, ie not coming directly from one source 漫射光照明（非直接来自单一的光源）.
2 [I, Tn] (cause gases or liquids to) mix slowly 使（气体或液体）慢慢混合, 扩散
*A drop of milk diffused in the water, and it became cloudy. 一滴奶在水中扩散开来, 使水变得混浊不清了.

/dɪˈfjuːs; dɪ`fjus/
adj
1 spread out; not concentrated 散开的; 不集中的; 漫射的; 扩散的
*diffuse light 漫射光.
2 using too many words; not concise 堆砌词藻的; 不简洁的; 冗赘的
*a diffuse writer, style 行文冗赘的作者、冗赘的文体.

/daɪˈgres; daɪ`ˇrɛs/
v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) turn or wander (from the main topic) in speech or writing 说话或写作时偏离（主题）; 离题
*Don't digress (from the subject) when lecturing. 讲课时不要岔开（主题）.

/ˌdɪlɪˈtæntɪ; ˌdɪlə`tæntɪ/
n (pl ~s or -ti / -ti:; -ti/) (often derog 常作贬义) person who studies or does sth, but without serious interest or understanding 浮泛的涉猎者; 浅尝辄止者
*a musical dilettante 粗通音乐的人.

adj (approv 褒) showing careful judgement 识别力强的; 有洞察力的
*She is a very discerning art critic. 她是位眼光敏锐的艺术评论家.

/dɪsˈkʌmfɪt; dɪs`kʌmfɪt/
v [Tn] (fml 文) confuse or embarrass (sb) 使（某人）困惑、尴尬或狼狈
*be discomfited by rude questions 因他人提出的问题粗鄙而感到尴尬.

/ˈdɪskaʊnt; `dɪskaᴜnt/
n [U, C]
1 amount of money taken off the cost of sth 从某物的价格中扣去的数目; 折扣
*We give
(a) 10% discount for cash, ie for immediate payment. 现金付款, 我们予以九折优待.
2 (commerce 商) amount deducted for paying a bill of exchange 折息贴现. Cf 参看 rebate.
3 (idm 习语) at a discount
(a) at a reduced price 打折扣; 减价.
(b) (fig 比喻) not highly valued; unfashionable 不受重视的; 不时兴的
*Concern for others seems to be at (something of) a discount today. 如今好像不兴关心别人了.

/dɪsˈkaʊnt; [US]

/dɪsˈkwaɪət; dɪs`kwaɪət/
n [U] anxiety 忧虑; 不安
*The strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the Stock Exchange. 美元表现坚挺在证券交易所中引起很大的不安.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sb) anxious; worry 使（某人）忧虑不安; 使着急; 使担心
*be greatly disquieted by the fall in public support 因公众支持率的下降而大为不安. disquieting adj causing disquiet 令人不安的; 令人忧虑的
*disquieting news 令人不安的消息. disquietingly adv
*a disquietingly large number of accidents 事故之多令人忧虑.

/ˈdɪsɪpeɪt; `dɪsəˌpet/
v
1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) scatter or vanish （使某事物）消散, 消失
*The mist quickly dissipated as the sun rose. 太阳升起时雾很快就消散了.
* Her son's letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety. 她儿子的来信消除了她一切恐惧和焦虑.
2 [Tn] waste (time, money, etc) foolishly 浪费（时间、金钱等）
*dissipate one's efforts, energies, fortune 浪费自己的精力、体力、财产.

/daɪˈɜːnl; daɪ`ɝnl/
adj
1 (biology 生) of the daytime; not nocturnal 白天的; 白昼的
*Unlike most other bats, this species is diurnal. 这种蝙蝠与大多数蝙蝠不同, 是在日间活动的.
2 (astronomy 天) occupying one day 周日的
*the diurnal movement of the planets 行星的周日运行.

ˊdiːvә n. [歌劇的] 女性主唱者

/ˈdəʊsaɪl; [US]

/dɒf; [US]

/ˈdɒgərəl; [US]

/dɒgˈmætɪk; [US]

/ˈdɒlərəs; [US]

/ˈdɔːmənt; `dɔrmənt/
adj temporarily inactive 暂时不活动的; 休眠的; 蛰伏的
*a dormant volcano, ie neither extinct nor erupting 休火山
* Many plants lie dormant throughout the winter, ie alive but not growing. 许多植物冬天呈休眠状态.
* As soon as they met again his dormant love for her was rekindled. 他们一见面, 他对她的旧情如乾柴烈火般又重新燃起.

/ˈdɒsɪeɪ; [US]

dreiˊkounjәn a. 古代執政官的;嚴峻的

/ˈdʌlsɪt; `dʌlsɪt/
adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) sounding sweet; pleasing to the ear 动听的; 悦耳的
*(ironic 反语) I thought I recognized your dulcet tones, ie the sound of your voice. 我想我听出了你那美妙的嗓音.

/djuːp; [US]

/eb; ɛb/
v [I, Ip] ~ (away)
1 (of the tide) go out; recede （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮. Cf 参看 flow 5.
2 (fig 比喻) grow less; become slowly weak or faint 减少; 衰落; 衰退
*Daylight was ebbing away. 白昼在逐渐消失.
* Our enthusiasm soon began to ebb. 我们的热情不久就凉下来了.

n [sing]
1 (usu 通常作 the ebb) (of a tide) the flowing out （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮
*The tide is on the ebb, ie is going out. 正在退潮. Cf 参看 flood2 3.
2 (idm 习语) at a low ebb => low1. the ebb and flow (of sth) (of noise, fashions, etc) regular increase and decrease in intensity; constant fluctuation （指声音、流行式样等）消长, 兴衰; 不断长落, 起伏
*the ebb and flow of conversation 谈话声此起彼伏. on the `ebb diminishing; declining 正在减弱; 正在衰退; 正在衰落
*My luck is on the ebb. 我的运气每况愈下.

/ɪkˈsentrɪk; ɪk`sɛntrɪk/
adj
1 (of people, behaviour) unusual; peculiar; not conventional or normal （指人、举止）异常的; 古怪的; 不合常规的; 不正常的
*his eccentric habits 他那古怪的习惯
* an eccentric old lady 一位古怪的老太太.
2 (a) (of circles) not having the same centre （指圆形）没有共同圆心的. Cf 参看 concentric.
(b) (of orbits) not circular （指轨道）不正圆的.
(c) (of planets, etc) moving in an eccentric orbit （指行星等）在不正圆的轨道上运行的.

n
1 eccentric person 古怪的人
*The club seemed to be full of eccentrics. 这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人.
2 mechanical device consisting of a disc at the end of a shaft for changing circular movement into backward-and-forward movement 偏心器; 偏心轮.

a dazzling success, acclaim

/ɪˈklektɪk; ɪk`lɛktɪk/
adj (fml 文) (of people, beliefs, etc) not restricted to one source of ideas, etc, but choosing from or using a wide range （指人、信仰等）不局限于一种思想的, 兼收并蓄的, 折衷的
*He has an eclectic taste in music. 他爱好各种音乐.

n person who works, thinks, etc in an eclectic way （工作、思想等）兼容并包的人.

iˊdeiʃәs a. 貪吃的,狼吞虎咽的

/ɪˈfeɪs; ɪ`fes/
v [Tn] (fml 文)
1 rub or wipe (sth) out; cause to fade 擦去, 抹掉（某事物）; 使淡薄; 使逐渐消失
*Time and weather had long ago effaced the inscription on the monument. 岁月和风雨早已磨掉纪念碑上的铭文.
* Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories. 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆.
2 ~ oneself keep in the background in order to escape being noticed; make oneself appear unimportant 使自己不被人注意; 使自己显得无足轻重.

/ɪˈfiːt; ɪ`fit/
adj
(a) weak, having lost power衰弱的; 丧失权力的
*an effete civilization, empire, government, etc 衰落的文明、没落的帝国、软弱的政府.
(b) lacking vitality and strength; feeble 缺乏活力和力量的; 虚弱的
*an effete young man 无精打彩的年轻人.

/ˌegəʊˈsentrɪk; [US]

/ɪˈgriːdʒɪəs; ɪ`ˇridʒɪəs/
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (usu of sb/sth bad 通常指坏人[坏事物]) exceptional; outstanding 异乎寻常的; 突出的; 显着的
*egregious incompetence, cowardice, etc 极其无能、胆怯...的表现
* an egregious fool 大傻瓜.

vigor, distinctive, elegant style

/ɪˈlɪptɪkl; ɪ`lɪptɪkl/
adj containing ellipsis 省略的
*an elliptical style of writing, ie one that implies more than is actually said （意在言外的）省略的文风.

/ɪˈluːsɪdeɪt; ɪ`lusəˌdet/
v [I, Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) clear; explain 使（某事物）清楚; 解释; 阐明
*You have not understood; allow me to elucidate. 你没理解, 让我解释一下.
* elucidate a problem, mystery 阐明一问题、弄清一奥秘
* The notes helped to elucidate the most difficult parts of the text. 这些注释有助于弄清文中最难懂的部分.

/ɪmˈbelɪʃ; ɪm`bɛlɪʃ/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)
1 make sth beautiful by adding ornaments, etc 美化、装饰或修饰某物
*a dress embellished with lace and ribbons 有花边和饰带的连衣裙.
2 improve (a story, statement, etc) by adding often untrue details, eg to make it more interesting or amusing 渲染; 添枝加叶（如使之更有趣、更可笑）
*He often embellishes the tales of his travels. 他常给他的旅游趣闻添枝加叶.

/ˈemɪgreɪt; `ɛməˌˇret/
v [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) leave one's own country to go and live in another 移居外国
*emigrate from Britain to Australia to find work 从英国移居到澳大利亚寻找工作. Cf 参看 immigrate.

/ˈemɪsərɪ; `ɛməˌsɛrɪ/
n person sent to deliver a message (often an unpleasant or a secret one) or to conduct negotiations （常为传送棘手信息的）使者, 密使, 谈判者.

/ˈemjʊleɪt; `ɛmjəˌlet/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at sth) (fml 文) try to do as well as or better than sb 赶超某人; 与某人竞争
*emulate her sister's sporting achievements 赶超她姐姐的运动成绩
* emulate her elder sister at the piano 在钢琴演奏上与她姐姐竞争.

/enˈkəʊmɪəm; ɛn`komɪəm/
n (pl -miums or -mia / -mIE; -mIE/) (fml 文) very high praise in speech or writing 极高的赞颂; 推崇; 赞词; 颂词.

/enˈdemɪk; ɛn`dɛmɪk/
n, adj [often pred 常作表语] (disease) that is regularly found in a particular country or area, or among a particular group of people 某国家、地区或某部分人中常见的（疾病）; 地方性的（病）
*Malaria is endemic in/to many hot countries. 疟疾是热带许多国家的地方病.
* (fig 比喻) the violence endemic in the city 该城中肆虐的暴力行为. Cf 参看 epidemic, pandemic.

/ˈenəveɪt; `ɛnɚˌvet/
v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose strength or energy 使（某人）失去力量或精力; 使衰弱
*an enervating climate 使人无精打彩的气候
* a long, enervating illness 长期而使人衰弱的病.

adj likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming 吸引注意力的; 迷人的
*an engaging smile, manner, person 迷人的微笑、姿态、人.

/ɪˈnɪgmə; ɪ`nɪˇmə/
n question, person, thing, circumstance, etc that is difficult to understand; mystery 难于理解的问题、人、物、情况等; 奥秘
*I've known him for many years, but he remains something of an enigma to me. 我与他相识多年, 他仍然难以捉摸.

/ɒˈnwiː; `ɑnwi/
n [U] weariness of mind caused by lack of anything interesting or exciting to do; feeling of boredom 倦怠; 无聊
*Since losing his job, he has often experienced a profound sense of ennui. 他自从失业以来, 常觉百无聊赖.

/ɪnˈskɒns; ɪn`skɑns/
v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ oneself/sb in sth (fml or joc 文或谑) establish or settle oneself in a safe, secret, comfortable, etc place 使自己定居或安顿在安全、秘密、舒适等的地方
*happily ensconced by the fire with a good book 舒适地坐在火炉旁, 读着一本好书
* We have ensconced ourselves in the most beautiful villa in the South of France. 我们在法国南部最美丽的别墅里安顿下来.

/ɪnˈʃraʊd; ɪn`ʃraᴜd/
v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (fml 文) cover completely; hide from view 掩盖; 遮蔽; 隐蔽
*hills enshrouded in mist 薄雾笼罩的群山
* His background is enshrouded in mystery. 他的来历背後有一层神秘的色彩.

/ɪˈfemərəl; ɪ`fɛmərəl/
adj living, lasting, etc for a very short time （生存、持续等）短暂的
*ephemeral pleasures 短暂的欢乐
* Slang words are often ephemeral. 俚语往往只流行于一时.

ˊepisiːn a. 通性的,有兩性特征的
n. 陰陽人

/ˈeəzæts, ˈɜːsɑːts; ɛr`zɑts/
adj (often derog 常作贬义) imitation or substitute, usu inferior to the original 仿制的, 代用的（通常次于原物）
*ersatz coffee, whisky, silk 代用咖啡、仿制威士忌、人造丝.

/ˈeruːdaɪt; `ɛrᴜˌdaɪt/
adj (fml 文) having or showing great learning; scholarly 博学的; 有学问的
*an erudite lecture 博大精深的讲座.

/ɪˈskɑːpmənt; ɛ`skɑrpmənt/
n long steep slope or cliff separating two areas at different levels, usu a plateau and a low-lying plain （通常为处于高低两平原之间的）长而陡的坡或悬崖.

ˊescjuːlәnt a. 可食用的
n. 可食用物

/ˌesəʊˈterɪk, ˌiːsəʊ-; ˌɛsə`tɛrɪk/
adj (fml 文) likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure 只有内行才懂的; 神秘的; 难懂的
*esoteric poetry, imagery, language, etc 难懂的诗、意象、语言等.

/ɪˈspaɪ; ɪ`spaɪ/
v (pt, pp espied) [Tn] (dated or joc 旧或谑) catch sight of (sb/sth) 看到（某人[某事物]）
*Was it you I espied jogging in the park this morning? 我今天早上看到在公园里有个人慢跑, 是你吗?

the belief in the superiority of one's race or ethnic group

/ˈiːtɪəʊleɪt; `itɪəˌlet/
v [Tn]
1 (botany 植) make (a plant) pale through lack of light 使（植物）因缺乏日光而变白
*an etiolated seedling 发黄的幼苗.
2 (fml 文) cause (sb) to become pale and weak 使（某人）苍白衰弱
*an etiolated adolescent 面黄肌瘦的少年
* (fig 比喻) an etiolated society 颓废的社会.

/ˈjuːlədʒaɪz; `juləˌdʒaɪz/
v [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) praise (sb/sth) highly in speech or writing 称赞, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）
*eulogizing over the vintage wine 称誉佳酿.

juːˊθeniks n. 環境優生學,環境改善學

/ˌiːvəˈnesnt; [US]

/ˌiːvəˈnesnt; [US]

/ɪˈvɪns; ɪ`vɪns/
v [Tn] (fml 文) show clearly that one has (a feeling, quality, etc); exhibit 表现出（感情、特性等）表明; 显示
*a child who evinces great intelligence 表现出有极高智力的儿童
* evincing powers of recovery 显示出复原的生理机能.

/ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt; ɪˇ`zæsɚˌbet/
v [Tn] (fml 文) make (pain, disease, a situation) worse; aggravate 使（疼痛、疾病、情形）恶化; 加剧
*Scratching exacerbates a skin rash. 皮疹搔後会恶化.
* Her mother's interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜.

adj making great demands; requiring great effort 苛求的; 严格的; 需极努力的
*an exacting teacher 严师
* an exacting piece of work 费力的工作.

/ɪgˈzɔːlt; ɪˇ`zɔlt/
v [Tn] (fml 文)
1 make (sb) higher in rank or greater in power 提升, 提拔（某人）.
2 praise (sb) highly 高度赞扬（某人）.

igˊzemplә n. 模範,榜樣

/-dʒənt; -dʒənt/
adj (fml 文)
1 requiring immediate action; urgent 需要立即采取行动的; 紧急的
*an exigent set of circumstances 一系列亟待处理的情况.
2 requiring much; exacting 苛求的; 苛刻的
*an exigent employer 苛刻的雇主.

/ɪgˈzɔːbɪtənt; ɪˇ`zɔrbətənt/
adj (fml 文) (of a price, charge, etc) much too high or great; unreasonable （指价格、索价等）过高的, 过分的, 不合理的
*exorbitant rents 过高的租金
* The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高.

/ˈekspɪdaɪt; `ɛkspɪˌdaɪt/
v [Tn] (fml 文) help the progress of (work, business, etc); hasten or speed up 有助于（工作、业务等）的进展; 加快; 加速
*Please do what you can to expedite the building work. 请尽量加快建筑工作.

/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt; ɪk`splɪsɪt/
adj
1 (a) (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressed （指说法等）明确而详细的
*He gave me explicit directions on how to get there. 他清清楚楚地告诉我怎样到达那里.
* They gave explicit reasons for leaving. 他们明确地说出了离开的原因.
(b) (of a person) saying sth clearly, exactly and openly （指人）（说得）明确的, 直率的, 开诚布公的
*She was quite explicit about why she left. 她对自己离去的原因直言不讳.
2 with nothing hidden or implied 毫不隐瞒的; 毫不含蓄的
*explicit sex scenes in the film 影片中露骨的性爱镜头.

/ɪkˈspʌndʒ; ɪk`spʌndʒ/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) remove or wipe out (words, names, etc) from a list, book, etc （从名单、书等上）除去、删除或擦掉（词语、名字等）
*Her name was expunged from the list. 她的名字已从名册上除掉.
* (fig 比喻) He could not expunge the incident from his memory. 他无法忘掉这件事.

/ˈekstəpeɪt; `ɛkstɚˌpet/
v [Tn] (fml 文) remove or destroy (sth) completely 根除或铲除（某事物）
*extirpate social evils 根除社会弊端 *extirpate dissent, opposition, etc 清除异端、对立面等.

/ɪkˈstəʊl; ɪk`stol/
v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sb (as sth) (fml 文) praise (sb/sth) highly 赞颂, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）
*extol the merits of small businesses 赞扬小企业的优点
* extol sb's virtues to the skies, ie greatly 把某人的美德捧上天
* extol sb as a hero 把某人当作英雄来歌颂.

/fəˈsɑːd; fə`sɑd/
n
1 (fml 文) front (of a building) （建筑物的）正面.
2 (fig 比喻) outward appearance, esp a deceptive one 外表（尤指虚伪的）
*a facade of indifference 假装冷漠
* Squalor and poverty lay behind the city's glittering facade. 这城市表面繁华, 背後却肮脏和贫困.

/fəˈsiːʃəs; fə`siʃəs/
adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) intended to be amusing, often inappropriately （常为不当地）引人发笑的, 诙谐的
*a facetious young man 耍贫嘴的小伙子
* She kept interrupting our discussion with facetious remarks. 她不断用开玩笑的话干扰我们的讨论.

/ˈfækʃn; `fækʃən/
n [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) small united group within a larger one, esp in politics 大组织中的小派别, 派系（尤指政治上的）
*rival factions within the party 党内的对立派别.

/ˈfæləsɪ; `fæləsɪ/
n
1 [C] false or mistaken belief 错误的见解; 谬见
*It's a fallacy to suppose that wealth brings happiness. 认为财富能带来幸福, 这是一种错误的见解.
2 [U] false reasoning or argument 错误的推论; 谬论
*a statement based on fallacy 基于错误推理的说法.

/ˈfɔːnə; `fɔnə/
n [U, C] (pl ~s) all the animals of an area or a period of time （某地区或某时期的）所有动物
*the fauna of East Africa 东非的动物. Cf 参看 flora.

ˊfɒːniŋ 奉承的,乞憐的

/ˈfeklɪs; `fɛklɪs/
adj (derog 贬) inefficient; irresponsible 效率低的; 不负责任的.

/ˈfiːkənd, ˈfekənd; `fikənd, `fɛkənd/
adj (fml 文) fertile; productive 肥沃的; 多产的; 丰饶的
*(fig 比喻) a fecund imagination 丰富的想像力.

/feɪn; fen/
v [Tn] pretend (sth) 假装, 冒充, 佯作（某事）
*feign illness, madness, ignorance, etc 装病、装疯、佯作无知
* feigned innocence 装出来的清白无辜.

/ˈfɪərəl; [US]

/ˈfetə(r); `fɛtɚ/
n (usu pl 通常作复数)
1 chain put round the feet of a person or animal to limit movement 脚镣; （动物的）足械
*The prisoner was kept in fetters. 犯人戴着脚镣.
2 (fig 比喻) thing that restricts or hinders 桎梏; 束缚; 　绊
*the fetters of poverty 贫困的束缚.

v [Tn]
1 put (sb) in fetters 给（某人）戴上脚镣.
2 restrict or hinder (sb) in any way 束缚或阻碍（某人）
*I hate being fettered by petty rules and regulations. 我讨厌受清规戒律的束缚.

/feɪ; fe/
adj
1 (Scot 苏格兰) having a feeling of approaching death; able to foretell disaster 感到死期近的; 能预知灾难的.
2 having a strange whimsical charm 有稀奇古怪的魔力的.
3 (derog 贬) (of a person and his behaviour) not serious; frivolous （指人及其行为）不认真的, 轻浮的.

/fɪˈdelətɪ; [US]

/ˈfɪlɪəl; `fɪlɪəl/
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or expected from a son or daughter 子女的
*filial duty 孝道.

/fɪˈnes; fə`nɛs/
n
1 [U] skill in dealing with people or situations cleverly or tactfully 手段; 策略
*show finesse in averting a threatened strike 在避免一触即发的罢工中显示出深谋大略
* He wheedled money from his father with considerable finesse. 他耍了个手腕儿花言巧语地从父亲那里得到了钱.
2 [C] (in card-games) attempt to win a trick(5) by playing a card that is not the highest one held （纸牌戏中）偷牌（打出手中并非最大的牌以赢得一墩的手法）.

v [Tn] (in card-games) play (a card) as part of a finesse(2) （纸牌戏中）为偷牌打出（一张牌）而赢得一墩
*She succeeded in finessing her queen. 她为偷牌打出Q而赢得一墩.

/ˈflædʒəleɪt; `flædʒəˌlet/
v [Tn] (fml 文) whip (sb or oneself), as a religious penance or for sexual gratification （作为宗教苦行或为满足性欲）鞭笞（某人或自己）.

ˊfledʒliŋ n. 羽毛初長的雛鳥,剛會飛的幼鳥,無經驗的人

/ˈflʌrɪʃ; `flʌrɪʃ/
v
1 [I] be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper 昌盛; 旺盛; 兴旺; 繁荣
*No new business can flourish in the present economic climate. 在目前的经济气候中, 任何新生意都兴旺不起来.
* a flourishing squash club 兴旺的壁球俱乐部.
2 [I] grow healthily; be well and active 健康成长; 茂盛; 健壮而活跃
*This species of flower flourishes in a warm climate. 这种花在温暖的气候中长得茂盛.
* All the family are flourishing. 全家人身体都很好.
3 [I, Ipr] (of ideas or people) be very active and influential (during the specified period) （指思想或人）（在某时期）活跃而有影响力
*In Germany the baroque style of art flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. 在德国, 巴罗克艺术风格在17和18世纪非常盛行.
4 [Tn] wave sth about in order to attract attention to it 挥舞某物（以引起注意）
*He stormed into the office, flourishing a letter of complaint. 他挥舞着一封投诉信冲进了办公室.

n (usu sing 通常作单数)
1 bold sweeping movement or gesture, used esp to attract attention 明显的大动作或手势（尤用以引起注意的）
*He opened the door for her with a flourish. 他潇洒地为她打开了门.
2 flowing curve, esp in handwriting or decoration 流畅的曲线（尤指书法或装饰方面的）.
3 loud and elaborate piece of music; fanfare 响亮而细腻的乐曲; 小号曲
*A flourish of trumpets marked the Queen's arrival. 小号奏出嘹亮的乐曲欢迎女王驾到.

/fluːk; fluk/
n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) thing that is accidentally successful; lucky stroke in a game 侥幸的成功; （在比赛中）侥幸击中
*Passing the exam was a real fluke he didn't work for it at all. 他考试及格实在是侥幸, 因为他根本没下过功夫.
* That shot was a sheer fluke. 那完全是靠侥幸击中的.

/fluːk; fluk/
n
1 either of the two flat triangular ends of an anchor 锚爪; 锚钩.
2 either of the two lobes of a whale's tail 鲸的尾鳍.

/fluːk; fluk/
n
1 flat-fish or flounder 比目鱼; 鲆, 鳎, 鲽.
2 parasitic worm found in the liver of a sheep （羊肝中的）肝蛭.

/ˈfɒdə(r); `fɑdɚ/
n [U] dried food, hay, etc for horses and farm animals （马及其他牲畜的）饲料, 草料, 秣.

/fəʊˈment; fo`mɛnt/
v [Tn]
1 arouse or increase (trouble or discontent) 引起或增加（麻烦或不满）
*foment discord, ill feeling, civil disorder, etc 引起不和、恶感、内乱等.
2 apply warmth and moisture to (a part of the body) to lessen pain or discomfort 热敷, 热罨（身体某部）.

/ˈfɒreɪ; [US]

/ˈfɔːfɪt; `fɔrfɪt/
v [Tn] (have to) lose or give up (sth) as a consequence of or punishment for having done sth wrong, or in order to achieve sth （因做错事或为得到某事物）失去或放弃（另一事物）
*Passengers who cancel their reservations will forfeit their deposit. 旅客取消预订票者, 定金不予退还.
* He has forfeited the right to represent the people. 已撤销他代表人民的资格.
* The couple forfeited their independence in order to help those less fortunate. 这对夫妇把富裕出的钱都拿出来帮助那些受难的人.

n
1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] thing (to be) paid or given up as a penalty or punishment （因受罚）丧失的东西; 罚金.
2 (a) forfeits [sing v] game in which a player gives up various articles if he makes a mistake and can have them back by doing sth ridiculous 罚物游戏（输者交出小物品, 做滑稽表演後方可取回）.
(b) [C] article given up in this game 做此种游戏中交出的东西
*Give me your watch as a forfeit. 你输了, 罚你把手表交给我.

adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) (liable to be) lost, paid or given up as a forfeit （作为罚金或抵押品）（可能）失去, 交出
*All goods may be forfeit to the State in time of war. 战时所有的货物都可能被国家徵用.

/fɔːˈsweə(r); fɔr`swɛr/
v (pt forswore / fR:5swR:(r); fRr`swRr/, pp forsworn / fR:5swR:n; fRr`swRrn/)(fml 文)
1 [Tn, Tg] (promise to) give up (sth); renounce （保证）放弃（某事物）; 舍弃
*He had forsworn smoking. 他已经戒烟了.
2 [Tn] ~ oneself = perjure oneself (perjure).

/fɔːˈtjuːɪtəs; [US]

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/
adj
1 [attrib 作定语]
(a) directed or moving towards the front 向前方的; 向前进的
*forward movement 向前运动.
(b) situated in front; near or at the front 位于前面的; 接近或在前面的
*forward ranks of troops 军队队列的前几排
* The forward part of the train is for first-class passengers only. 火车的前部只是头等车厢.
2 (of plants, crops, etc) having progressed more than is normal or expected; (of children) having developed certain abilities earlier than normal; well advanced （指花草、农作物等）早熟的; （指儿童）发育早的; 早熟的
*The summer crops were forward this year. 今年夏季农作物成熟得早.
* a forward child 早熟的孩子.
3 [attrib 作定语] of or relating to the future 未来的; 与未来有关的
*forward planning 对未来的计画
* (commerce 商) forward buying, ie buying goods at present prices for delivery later 预购. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2.
4 (a) ready and willing to be involved; eager 热心参与的; 急切的
*be forward in helping others 热心助人的.
(b) too eager; too bold in one's manner; presumptuous 过于急切的; （行为）过于大胆的; 冒昧的; 孟浪的; 莽撞的
*a forward young girl 冒失的女孩子
* I hope you'll apologize that was a very forward thing to do. 我希望你能道歉--那事你做得太莽撞了. Cf 参看 backward.

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/
adv
1 (also forwards) towards the front or end, into a prominent position 向前或向末端（到达一突出位置）
*Move forward carefully or you'll slip. 小心地往前走, 不然会滑倒.
* play a tape-recording forwards, not backwards 将录音带向前转, 别向後倒
* push one's way forward 挤着往前走. Cf 参看 back3 1.
2 onward so as to make progress 向前; 前进
*an important step forward 向前迈进的重要一步
* We are not getting any further forward with the project. 我们目前在该计画上没有什么进展.
* The project will go forward as planned. 该工程将按计画进行.
3 towards the future; onwards in time 向着将来; 向着未来
*from this time forward 从此以後
* Look forward and consider the advantages of a larger house. 从长远着想, 考虑一下大房子的好处.
4 (idm 习语) backward(s) and forward(s) => backwards (backward). put one's best foot forward => best1. put the clock/clocks forward/back => clock1.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法
*The suffix -ward means `in the direction of' and forms adverbs and adjectives*-ward这一後缀意为｀向着某方向＇, 用以构成副词和形容词
*forward, backward, westward, homeward, etc 向前、向後、向西、向家里等. The suffix -wards has the same meaning but only forms adverbs *-wards与-ward意思相同但只能构成副词
*forwards, backwards, westwards, homewards, etc 向前、向後、向西、向家里等. Compare 试比较
*They turned westward/westwards after crossing the river. 他们过河以後向西拐了. They travelled in a westward direction. 他们往西走了.
* He leant forward/forwards to see better. 他把身子向前探, 以便看得更清楚. To move house requires forward planning. 要搬家得先做好计画.

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/
v
1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (a letter, etc) to a new address 将（信件等）投递到新地址; 转递
*please forward, ie a note written on an envelope, a parcel, etc 请转递（写在信封、包裹上的字样）
* Please forward our post (to our new home) when we move. 我们搬家後, 请将邮件转递（到我们的新住处）.
(b) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send or dispatch (esp goods or information) to a customer （向客户）发送或递送（尤指货物或信息）
*forward a shipment of gloves 发送一批手套
* We have today forwarded you our new catalogue. 我们今天已将新目录发送给你们了.
2 [Tn] help to advance or develop (sth); further 帮助促进或发展（某事物）; 增进; 提高
*forward sb's plans, career, interests, etc. 促使完成某人的计画、发展某人的事业、提高某人的利益.

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/
n attacking player near the front in football, hockey, etc （足球、曲棍球等的）前锋. Cf 参看 striker 2.

/ˈfɜːtɪv; `fɝtɪv/
adj
(a) done secretly and quietly so as not to be noticed 偷偷摸摸的; 鬼鬼祟祟的
*a furtive glance 偷偷的一瞥
* furtive movements 诡秘的活动.
(b) (of a person or his behaviour) sly or secretive, suggesting that one is guilty of sth or does not want to be noticed （指人或行为）躲躲闪闪的; 遮遮掩掩的.

/ˌfjuːzəˈleɪd; [US]

/ˈfʌstɪən; [US]

/ˈfjuːtaɪl; [US]

/ˌgeɪnˈseɪ; ˌˇen`se/
v (pt, pp gainsaid/ -5sed;-`sZd/) [Tn] (arch 古) (usu in negative sentences or questions 通常用于否定句或疑问句) contradict (sb/sth); deny (sth) 反驳（某人[某事物]）; 否认（某事物）
*There's no gainsaying his honesty, ie We cannot deny that he is honest. 他为人诚实无可否认.

gәˊluːt n. 笨人,呆子

/ˈgælvənaɪz; `ˇælvəˌnaɪz/
v
1 [Tn] coat (iron) with zinc to protect it from rust 用锌镀（铁）（防锈）
*a galvanized bucket, nail, hinge, etc 镀锌的铁桶、钉子、铰链等
* galvanized wire 铅丝.
2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) shock sb into action 激起某人行动起来
*The manager's arrival galvanized the workers into activity. 经理一来, 工人闻风而动.

ˊgæmin n. 流浪兒

/ˈgæmət; `ˇæmət/
n
1 the gamut [sing] complete range or scale (of sth) 全范围; 全部
*the whole gamut of human emotions from joy to despair 人类情感包括欢乐及绝望之间的整个范围.
2 (idm 习语) run the gamut (of sth) experience or perform the complete range of sth 全过程
*In his short life he had run the entire gamut of crime, from petty theft to murder. 他在短短的一生中, 从小偷小摸到杀人, 什么罪都犯过.

/ˈgɑːnə(r); `ˇɑrnɚ/
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (in/up) (fml 文) collect sth in and (usu) store it 收集并（通常）贮藏某物
*garner (in/up) the grain for the winter 储粮以备过冬
* (fig 比喻) garner knowledge, information, etc 积累知识、搜集信息
* facts garnered from various sources 从各种渠道搜集到的资料.

/ˈgærələs; `ˇærələs/
adj talking too much, esp about unimportant things 喋喋不休的, 饶舌的（尤指对琐事）
*becoming garrulous after a few glasses of wine 喝了几杯酒後就唠唠叨叨
* My garrulous neighbour had given away the secret. 我那爱唠叨的邻居已把秘密泄露了.

a group with similar tastes, a group bound by similar interests and kinship

/dʒenˈtiːl; dʒɛn`til/ adj
1 (derog 贬) polite or refined in an affected or exaggerated way （做作或过分显示）文雅的, 有礼貌的, 有教养的
*She is too genteel for words! 她说话太咬文嚼字了!
2 (dated 旧) of the upper social classes 上流社会的
*living in genteel poverty, ie trying to maintain the style of upper-class living, thoughtoo poor to do so 过穷酸的上流社会生活.

/ˈdʒerɪmændə(r); `dʒɛrɪˌmændɚ/
v [Tn] (derog politics 贬, 政) arrange the boundaries of or divide (an area) for voting in order to give unfair advantages to one party in an election （为使某政党在选举中取得优势）不公正地将（某地区）划成或分成选区.

n [C] such a rearrangement 对选区做出的不公正重新划分.

gәʃˊtaːlt n. 完全形態;完形;形態

/dʒeˈstɪkjʊleɪt; dʒɛs`tɪkjəˌlet/
v [I] move the hands or arms (usu rapidly) instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words 做手势（通常为迅速地）示意或强调
*He was gesticulating wildly at me, but I could not understand what he was trying to tell me. 他使劲向我做手势, 可是我不明白他的意思.

/gɜːd; ˇɝd/
v (pt, pp girded or girt/ g\:t; ^[t/)
1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (arch 古) surround sth 围绕某物
*Trees girded the dark lake. 树木环绕着那阴暗的湖.
* a sea-girt island 四面环海的岛.
2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (arch 古) clothe sb 给某人穿衣; 供某人以衣服
*He girded himself with armour for the battle. 他穿好铠甲准备战斗.
3 (idm 习语) gird (up) one's `loins (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) prepare for action 准备行动.
4 (phr v) gird sth on (arch 古) fasten sth on, esp with a belt 将某物束紧, 扎住, 缠好（尤指用带子）
*He girded on his sword. 他系上宝剑.

/grəˈtjuːɪtəs; [US]

/ˈgrævətɪ; `ˇrævətɪ/
n [U]
1 force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when dropped 万有引力; 地心引力; 重力.
2 (a) importance (of a worrying kind); seriousness （令人忧虑的）重要性; 严重性
*I don't think you realize the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到局势的严重.
* For an offence of this gravity, imprisonment is the usual punishment. 对这种重大罪行通常处以监禁.
* news of considerable, unusual, etc gravity 相当重要、非常重要等的新闻.
(b) solemnity 严 肃; 庄严
*behave with due gravity in a court of law, at a funeral, etc 在法庭、葬礼等场合表现应有的庄重态度
* a twinkle in his eye which belied the gravity of his demeanour （他）眼睛一眨, 藉以掩盖他的严肃态度.

grig n. 蟋蟀,小鰻,爽朗的人

/grɪˈmeɪs; [US]

/ˈgrɒvl; `ˇrɑvl/
v (-ll-; US -l-) (derog 贬)
1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to/before sb) lie or crawl with the face downwards in a show of humility or fear 趴伏, 匍匐（作谦卑或恐惧状）
*Those who wished a favour of the emperor had to grovel on hands and knees before him. 凡希望受到皇帝恩宠的人都要拜倒在他面前.
2 (fig 比喻) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) behave with a show of humility or shame 带着谦卑或羞愧的样子行事
*You will just have to grovel to the bank manager for a loan. 你只得低声下气地向银行经理借贷.
3 (phr v) grovel about/around move about on one's hands and knees; crawl about 四处爬行; 爬来爬去
*grovelling around under the table looking for a pin 在桌子下爬来爬去寻找一根针.

/gaɪl; ˇaɪl/
n [U] deceit; cunning 欺诈; 狡猾
*a man full of guile 奸诈的人
* get sth by guile 诈取某物.

/gaɪz; ˇaɪz/
n
1 (arch 古) style of dress 装束
*in the guise of a knight 作骑士装束.
2 outward manner or appearance, esp put on in order to conceal the truth 态度; 相貌; （尤指）伪装
*under the guise (ie pretence) of friendship 以友谊为掩饰
* an ancient tale which appears in various guises in several European languages 以几种欧洲语言叙述的一个古老故事.

/ˈgʌləbl; `ˇʌləbl/
adj willing to believe anything or anyone; easily deceived 轻信的; 易受欺骗的
*He must have been pretty gullible to fall for that old trick. 他准是有点儿傻, 才落入那惯用的圈套.

/ˌhælɪˈtəʊsɪs; ˌhælə`tosɪs/
n [U] breath that smells unpleasant 口臭.

/ˈhɑːbɪndʒə(r); `hɑrbɪndʒɚ/
n ~ (of sb/sth) (rhet 修辞) person or thing that announces or shows that sb/sth is coming 预告者; 先驱; 前兆
*The crowing of the cock is a harbinger of dawn. 鸡啼报晓.
* The cuckoo is a harbinger of spring. 布谷鸟预告春天的来临.

ˊhedʒirә n. 逃亡

/ˈherəld; `hɛrəld/
n
1 (formerly) person who made important announcements and carried messages from a ruler （旧时）传令官, 使者, 信使.
2 person or thing that announces or shows that sb/sth is coming 报信者; 先兆
*In England the cuckoo is the herald of spring. 在英国, 杜鹃鸟预告春天的来临.
3 (Brit) official who keeps records of families that have coats of arms (coat) 司宗谱纹章的官员.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (in) announce the approach of sb/sth 宣布某人[某事物]即将来临
*This invention heralded (in) the age of the computer. 这项发明宣告了计算机时代的到来.

/ˈherəsɪ; `hɛrəsɪ/
n
1 [C] belief or opinion that is contrary to what is generally accepted, esp in religion 异端（尤指宗教方面的）
*the heresies of the early Protestants 早期新教徒的异端邪说.
2 [U] holding of such an opinion 持异端邪说
*be guilty of heresy 犯有异端罪.

/haɪˈeɪtəs; haɪ`etəs/
n
1 gap in a series or sequence, making it incomplete; break in continuity 裂隙; 缺漏; 脱漏; 间断.
2 (linguistics 语言) break between two vowels coming together but not in the same syllable 元音分立, 母音分读（相邻两单元音分开, 不连成一音节）

/ˈhaɪdbaʊnd; `haɪdˌbaᴜnd/
adj (derog 贬) not willing to consider new ideas, methods, etc; too conventional and narrow-minded 对新的思想、方法等格格不入的; 守旧的; 思想偏狭的
*hidebound views, bureaucrats 守旧的观点、官僚
* a society hidebound by convention 墨守成规的社会.

/ˌhɪstrɪˈɒnɪk; ˌhɪstrɪ`ɑnɪk/
adj
1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) very theatrical in manner; excessively dramatic; affected 做作的; 过分戏剧化的; 不自然的
*histrionic behaviour 装腔作势.
2 (fml 文) of acting or the theatre 表演的; 戏剧的
*her histrionic talents 她的表演天才.

/ˈhɔːrɪ; `hɔrɪ/
adj (-ier, -iest)
1 (also hoar) (esp of hair) grey or white with age （尤指毛发）因年老而变灰或变白的.
2 very old 古老的; 陈旧的
*a hoary old joke 老掉牙的笑话.

/ˈhɒmɪdʒ; `hɑmɪdʒ/
n [U] (fml 文) things said or done to show great respect; tribute to a person or his qualities (used esp with the vs shown) 深表敬意的言行, 褒扬某人或某品德的事物（尤与下列句中动词连用）
*They stood in silent homage round her grave. 他们站立在她的墓的周围向她默哀.
* Many came to do the dead man homage. 很多人前来向死者致哀.
* We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare. 我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰.

ns (US) = homoeopathy.

/ˌhɒməˈdʒiːnɪəs; ˌhɑmə`dʒinɪəs/
adj formed of parts that are all of the same type 由同类部分组成的. Cf 参看 heterogeneous.

hәˊmɒlәgeit vt.
vi. 承認,同意

ˊhɒːtәtiv a. 勸告的,獎勵的

/ˈhjuːbrɪs; `hjubrɪs/
n [U] (fml 文) arrogant pride 傲慢.

/ˈhʌgə mʌgə(r); `hʌˇɚˌmʌˇɚ/
adj, adv
1 secret(ly) 秘密（的）.
2 confused(ly); in disorder 混乱（的）; 乱糟糟（的）.

n [U]
1 secrecy 秘密.
2 confusion 混乱.

/ˈhʌzbəndrɪ; `hʌzbəndrɪ/
n [U] (fml 文)1 farming 农牧业
*animal husbandry 畜牧业.
2 management of resources 对资源的管理
*Through careful husbandry we survived the hard winter. 通过精打细算, 我们终于熬过了严冬.

/haɪˈpɜːbəlɪ; haɪ`pɝbəlɪ/
n [U, C] exaggerated statement that is made for special effect and is not meant to be taken literally, eg I've invited millions of people to my party 夸张（修辞手段, 如我请来赴宴的人成千上万）.

/ˌɪgnəˈmɪnɪəs; ˌɪˇnə`mɪnɪəs/
adj shameful or humiliating; causing disgrace 耻辱的; 屈辱的; 丢脸的
*an ignominious defeat 可耻的失败.

iˊmeigou n. 意象,成蟲

/ɪmˈbrəʊlɪəʊ; ɪm`broljo/
n (pl ~s / -z; -z/) complicated, confused or embarrassing situation, esp a political or an emotional one 错综复杂的局面, 纠缠不清的关系, 尴尬的处境（尤指政治上的或感情上的）.

/ˌɪməˈtɪərɪəl; ˌɪmə`tɪrɪəl/
adj
1 ~ (to sb) not important; irrelevant 不重要的; 不相干的
*The cost is immaterial. 成本微不足道.
* It is immaterial (to me) whether he stays or leaves. 他的去留（对我）无所谓.
2 without physical form or substance 非物质的; 非实体的; 无形的
*as immaterial as a ghost 虚无如鬼魂.

/ˈɪmɪnənt; `ɪmənənt/
adj (esp of unpleasant events) about to happen; likely to happen very soon （尤指不愉快的事件）即将发生的, 临近的, 逼近的
*no warning of imminent danger 没有即将发生危险的警告 *An announcement of further cuts in government expenditure is imminent. 最近将发布进一步削减政府开支的公告.

/ɪˈmjuːtəbl; ɪ`mjutəbl/
adj (fml 文) that cannot be changed; that will never change 不可改变的; 永恒不变的
*an immutable decision 不可更易的决定
* immutable principles/laws 永恒不变的原则[规律].

/ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːnɪəs; ˌɪmpɪ`kjunɪəs/
adj (fml 文) having little or no money 一贫如洗的; 不名一文的.

/ɪmˈpɪərɪəs; ɪm`pɪrɪəs/
adj (fml 文) proud and arrogant; domineering; expecting obedience 傲慢的; 飞扬跋扈的; 专横的
*an imperious look, command, gesture 飞扬跋扈的样子、专横的命令、傲慢的姿势.

/ɪmˈpɜːvɪəs; ɪm`pɝvɪəs/
adj ~ (to sth)
1 not allowing water, gas, etc to pass through 不容液体、气体等透过的; 不能渗透的
*This material is impervious to rain-water. 这种材料防雨.
2 not affected or influenced by sth 不受某事物影响的; 无动于衷的
*impervious to criticism, argument, fear 对批评我行我素的、对争论不闻不问的、将恐惧置之度外的.

/ɪmˈplækəbl; ɪm`plækəbl/
adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不能变动的; 无法平息或安抚的
*implacable hatred, fury, opposition 无法消解的仇恨、愤怒、对立
* an implacable enemy, rival, etc 势不两立的敌人、竞争对手等.

/ˈɪmpətənt; `ɪmpətənt/
adj
1 [usu pred 通常作表语] unable to take effective action; powerless or helpless 不能采取有效行动; 无能为力
*Without the chairman's support, the committee is impotent. 没有主席的支持, 委员会是无能为力的.
2 (of men) unable to have sexual intercourse or reach an orgasm （指男子）阳痿的, 不能性交的, 不能达到性高潮的.

/ɪmˈpjuːn; ɪm`pjun/
v [Tn] (fml 文) express doubts about (sth) 对（某事物）表示怀疑
*impugn sb's motives, actions, morals, etc 怀疑某人的动机、行为、品行等.

/ɪnˈsesnt; ɪn`sɛsnt/
adj not stopping; continual 不停的; 连续的; 不断的
*a week of almost incessant rain 雨差不多没有停过的一个星期
* an incessant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的参观人流.

/ɪnˈkəʊeɪt, ˈɪnkəʊeɪt; ɪn`koɪt/
adj (fml 文) just begun and therefore not fully formed or developed 刚开始的; 未完全成形的; 未充分发展的
*inchoate ideas, attitudes, wishes, etc 初步的想法、态度、愿望等.

/ɪnˈsɪpɪənt; ɪn`sɪpɪənt/
adj (fml 文) in its early stages; beginning to happen 初始的; 早期的; 刚出现的
*signs of incipient tooth decay 早期龋齿的徵象.

not disputable, not open to question

/ˌɪndɪˈtɜːmɪnət; ˌɪndɪ`tɝmənət/
adj
(a) not fixed or exact; vague; indefinite 不固定的; 不确切的; 未限定的; 模糊的
*a sort of indeterminate colour, half-way between grey and brown 一种介于灰色与棕色之间说不清的颜色.
(b) (mathematics 数) of no fixed value 数值不定的; 未定元的
*an indeterminate quantity 不定量.

/ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs; ɪn`dɪdʒənəs/
adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) belonging naturally (to a place); native 本地的; 土产的; 当地的; 土生土长的
*Kangaroos are indigenousto Australia. 袋鼠产于澳大利亚.
* the indigenous language, culture, etc, ie of the people regarded as the original inhabitants of an area 本地的语言、文化等.

/ˈɪndɪdʒənt; `ɪndədʒənt/
adj (fml 文) poor 贫穷的.

/ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl; [US]

/ɪnˈefəbl; ɪn`ɛfəbl/
adj (fml 文) too great to be described in words 不可言喻的; 难用言语表达的; 不可言状的
*ineffable joy, beauty, etc 难以形容的喜悦、美丽等.

/ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbl; ˌɪnɪ`lʌktəbl/
adj (fml 文) that cannot be escaped from 不可避免的; 难免的
*the victim of ineluctable fate 难逃厄运的牺牲品.

/ɪˈnept; ɪn`ɛpt/
adj
(a) ~ (at sth/doing sth) completely unskilful (at sth) 不熟练的; 不擅长的
*I've never heard anyone so inept at making speeches. 我从未听说过有这样不会讲话的人.
* His inept handling of a minor problem turned it into a major crisis. 他处理不善使小事变大了.
(b) said or done at the wrong time; not appropriate or tactful 不合适的; 不恰当的; 不策略的
*an inept remark 不当的言语.

/ˈɪnfəmɪ; `ɪnfəmɪ/
n (fml 文)
1 (a) [U] infamousbehaviour; wickedness 丑事; 邪恶.
(b) [C] wicked act 恶行
*guilty of many infamies 罪恶多端.
2 [U] public dishonour or disgrace 臭名; 恶名; 丢脸; 耻辱
*His name will live in infamy, ie He will always be held in disgrace. 他的名字将与耻辱共存.

/ɪnˈhɪbɪt; ɪn`hɪbɪt/
v
1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to do 使某人不能做轻易可做的事
*Shyness inhibited him from speaking. 他因害羞而说不出话来.
2 [Tn] hinder or prevent (a process or an action) 阻碍或抑制（某过程或行动）
*an enzyme which inhibits a chemical reaction 抑制化学反应的　.

/ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs; ɪ`nɪkwətəs/
adj
1 (fml 文) very wicked or unjust 极邪恶的; 极不公正的
*an iniquitous system, regime, etc 罪恶的制度、政权等.
2 (of a price, charge, etc) unfairly or ridiculously high （指价格、费用等）不公道的, 高得出奇的
*Have you seen this bill? It's iniquitous! 你看见这份帐单了吗? 简直是漫天要价!

/ɪnˈkwaɪətjuːd; [US]

/ɪnˈsɪdɪəs; ɪn`sɪdɪəs/
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) spreading or acting gradually and unnoticed but with harmful effects 隐伏的; 潜在的; 暗中为害的
*an insidious disease 潜伏的疾病
* insidious jealousy 暗暗产生的忌妒.

/ɪnˈsɪpɪd; ɪn`sɪpɪd/ adj (derog 贬)
1 having almost no taste or flavour 无味道的
*insipid food 无味道的食物.
2 (fig 比喻) lacking in interest or vigour 乏味的; 无生气的
*painted in pale, insipid colours 涂有灰暗的、死气沉沉的颜色
* an insipid performance of the symphony 交响乐团乏味的演奏
* a good-looking but insipid young man 外貌好看而无情趣的小伙子.

/-sɪənt; -sɪənt/
adj.

/ˌɪntəˈregnəm; ˌɪntɚ`rɛˇnəm/
n (pl ~s or -na / -nE; -nE/)
1 (a) period when a state has no normal or lawful ruler, esp at the end of a sovereign's reign and before the appointment of a successor （国家无正常统治者或合法统治者的）空位期（尤指一君主的统治权结束而继任者尚未执政的时期）.
(b) period in an organization when no appointed head or leader is in charge, after the resignation or death of the previous one, until a new appointment is made （一组织的新旧领导人交替间的）空位期（旧任辞职或死亡, 新任未定之际）.
2 (fig 比喻) interval or pause; gap in continuity 间歇; 停顿; 中断期间.

/ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒənt; ɪn`trænsədʒənt/
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) unwilling to change one's views or be co-operative; stubborn 固执己见的; 不愿合作的;顽固的
*Owing to their intransigent attitude we were unable to reach an agreement. 由于他们态度僵硬, 我们无法达成协议.

/ɪnˈtrepɪd; ɪn`trɛpɪd/
adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) fearless; brave 无畏的; 勇敢的
*our intrepid hero 我们的无畏的英雄.

v. 使…習慣
vbl. 使…習慣

/ɪnˈvetərət; ɪn`vɛtərət/
adj (derog 贬)
1 (of bad feelings, habits, etc) that have lasted a long time and seem likely to continue （指恶感、陋习等）根深蒂固的, 由来已久的
*inveterate hatred, prejudice, drunkenness,etc 根深蒂固的仇恨、由来已久的偏见、长醉不醒的状态.
2 (of people) habitually doing the specified bad thing; addicted （指人）有恶习的, 成瘾的
*an inveterate smoker, drinker, gambler, liar, etc 积习已久的烟鬼、酒徒、赌棍、撒谎家等.

/ɪˈræsəbl; ɪ`ræsəbl/
adj (fml 文) (of a person) easily made angry （指人）易怒的, 性情暴躁的.

/ɪˈrevərənt; ɪ`rɛvərənt/
adj feeling or showing no respect for sacred things （对神圣之物）不敬的.

/aɪˈtɪnərənt, ɪˈtɪnərənt; aɪ`tɪnərənt, ɪ`tɪnərənt/
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] travelling from place to place 巡回的; 流动的
*an itinerant musician, entertainer, preacher, etc 巡回音乐家、演员、牧师等.

/ˈdʒɑːgən; `dʒɑrˇən/
n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) technical or specialized words used by a particular group of people and difficult for others to understand 术语; 行话; 切口
*scientific jargon 科学术语
* She uses so much jargon I can never understand her explanations. 她用的术语太多, 我怎么也听不懂她的讲解.

/dʒɔːnt; dʒɔnt/
n short journey, made for pleasure 短途游览
*She's gone on a jaunt into town. 她到城里游逛去了.

/dʒɪˈdʒuːn; dʒɪ`dʒun/
adj (fml 文)
1 (of writings) dull and uninteresting; unsatisfying to the mind （指文字）枯燥无味的, 言之无文的.
2 childish; unsophisticated 幼稚的; 不懂世故的.

/ˈdʒepədɪ; `dʒɛpɚdɪ/
n (idm 习语) in jeopardy in danger of harm, loss or destruction 处于受伤害、受损失或受破坏的危险境地
*A fall in demand for oil tankers has put/placed thousands of jobs in the shipbuilding industry in jeopardy. 油轮需求量下降使造船业成千上万的工作职位受到威胁.

/dʒuːˈdɪʃəs; dʒu`dɪʃəs/
adj showing or havinggood sense 有见识的; 明智的
*a judicious choice, decision,remark 明智的选择、决定、言语.

/ˈdʒʌgənɔːt; `dʒʌˇɚˌnɔt/
n
1 (Brit esp derog 尤作贬义) very large articulated lorry 重型铰接卡车
*juggernauts roaring through our country villages 隆隆驶过我们村庄的重型铰接卡车.
2 large, powerful and destructive force or institution 强大的破坏力; 有毁灭力量的机构
*the juggernaut of bureaucracy 官僚作风的严重危害.

/ˈdʒʌŋkʃn; `dʒʌŋkʃən/
n
1 [C] place where roads or railway lines meet 公路或铁路的交叉点; 交叉路口
*a pub near the junction of London Road and Chaucer Avenue 靠近伦敦路与乔叟大街交叉口的酒馆
* Join the M1 at Junction 11. 在11号交叉路口与1号高速公路会合.
* The accident happened at one of the country's busiest railway junctions. 事故发生在该国一个极繁忙的铁路交叉点处.
2 [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) joining or being joined 连接; 会合
*effect a junction of two armies 两军会师.

/ˈdʒʌntə; [US]

/ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz; ˌdʒʌkstə`poz/
v [Tn] (fml 文) place (people or things) side by side or very close together, esp to show a contrast 将（人或事物）并列或并置（尤指为显示差别）
*juxtapose the classical style of architecture with the modern 将古典的与现代的建筑风格并列对照.

/ˈkɑːmə; `kɑrmə/
n [U]
(a) (in Buddhism and Hinduism) sum of a person's actions in one of his successive lives, believed to decide his fate in the next （佛教和印度教的）业（音译｀羯磨＇, 意为个人行为的总和可决定其来世的命运）.
(b) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) destiny; fate 命运; 宿缘
*It's my karma always to fall in love with brunettes. 我爱上的总是深褐色头发、浅黑色皮肤的白种女子, 这是我的缘分.

ˊleibail a. 不安定的,易發生變化的

/ˈlækrɪməʊs; `lækrəˌmos/
adj (fml 文) in the habit of weeping; tearful; mournful 爱哭的; 含泪的; 哀痛的
*a lachrymose disposition 生性爱哭.

/ləˈkɒnɪk; lə`kɑnɪk/
adj using few words; terse 简洁的; 简明的
*a laconic person, remark, style 说话简洁的人、言简意赅的话、简练质朴的文体.

/ˈlæmbənt; `læmbənt/
adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]
1 (of a flame) moving over a surface with soft flickering radiance （指火焰）轻轻摇曳的, 闪烁的.
2 (of the eyes, sky, etc) shining or glowing softly （指眼睛、天空等）微微发光的.
3 (of humour, style, etc) witty in a brilliant but gentle way （指幽默风格等）诙谐的.

/ləˈment; lə`mɛnt/
v
(a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for/over sb/sth) feel or express great sorrow or regret for (sb/sth) 为（某人[某事物]）感到悲痛; 哀悼; 痛惜
*lament loudly 哀嚎
* lament (for) a dead friend 哀悼亡友
* lament (over) one's misfortunes 悲叹自己的不幸
* lament the passing of old ways 浩叹古风的沉沦.
(b) [I, Tn] complain (about sth) 抱怨（某事）
*She's always lamenting the lack of sports facilities in town. 她总是抱怨伦敦缺少体育设施.

n
1 strong expression of grief 悲恸.
2 song or poem expressing grief; dirge 挽歌; 哀诗
*a funeral lament 挽歌.

ˊlaːdʒes n. 豐厚的禮物;慷慨的贈與

/ˈlæsɪtjuːd; [US]

/ˈleɪtnt; `letnt/
adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] existing but not yet active, developed or visible 潜在的; 不活跃的; 未发展的; 不明显的
*latent abilities 潜在的才能
* a latent infection 潜伏性传染病.

/lɔːd; lɔd/
v [Tn] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) praise (sb/sth); glorify 称赞（某人[某事物]）; 赞美; 赞扬
*a much-lauded production 大受赞扬的产品.

/læks; læks/
adj not sufficiently strict or severe; negligent 不严格的; 不严厉的; 疏忽的
*lax security, behaviour, regulations 不严谨的保安措施、行为、规则
* He's too lax with his pupils. 他对小学生管教太松.

/ˈlegəsɪ; `lɛˇəsɪ/
n
1 money or property left to sb in a will 遗赠产; 遗赠的财物.
2 (fig 比喻) thing passed to sb by predecessors or from earlier events, etc 先人或过去遗留下来的东西
*the cultural legacy of the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期的文化遗产
* His weak chest was a legacy of a childhood illness. 他那瘦弱的胸脯是儿时患病的後遗症. Cf 参看 inheritance (inherit).

ˊlaitmoutiːf n. 主樂調;樂旨;主思想

/ˈlevɪ; `lɛvɪ/
n (arch 古) assembly of visitors, esp at a formal reception 集体接见; （尤指正式的）招待会.

/ˈlevɪ; `lɛvɪ/
n (esp US) embankment built to prevent a flooded river from overflowing 防洪堤
*the levees along the Mississippi 密西西比河大堤.

/ˈlevətɪ; `lɛvətɪ/
n [U] (fml 文) lack of proper seriousness or respect 轻率; 轻浮.

/lɪˈeɪzn; [US]

/laɪˈbeɪʃn; laɪ`beʃən/
n
1 (pouring out of an) offering of wine, etc to a god in former times （旧时向神的）祭酒, 奠酒.
2 (joc 谑) alcoholic drink 酒.

/lɪˈbɪdɪnəs; lɪ`bɪdnəs/
adj (fml 文) having or showing strong sexual feelings; lustful 性欲强的; 好色的.

ˊlisәm a. 柔軟的,敏捷的

/ˈlɪstlɪs; `lɪstlɪs/ adj having no energy, vitality or enthusiasm 倦怠的; 无精打采的; 冷淡的
*She was very listless after her illness. 她病後懒洋洋的.

/ləʊp; lop/
v [I, Ip] run fairly fast with long bounding strides 跳跃着大步跑
*The tiger loped off into the jungle. 那老虎跑进丛林中去了.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) long bounding step or stride 大步; 阔步
*move at a steady lope 迈着稳健的大步行走.

/ˈluːsɪd; `lusɪd/
adj
1 clearly expressed; easy to understand 表达清楚的; 易懂的
*a lucid explanation 明白的解释
* His style is very lucid. 他的文体很明畅.
2 clear in one's mind; sane 头脑清晰的; 清醒的
*lucid intervals, ie periods of sanity during mental illness 清醒期（精神病发作的间歇期）.

/ˈluːmɪnərɪ; [US]

/ˈluːmɪnəs; `lumənəs/
adj
1 giving out light; bright 发光的; 光亮的
*luminous paint, ie paint that glows in the dark, used on watches, clocks, etc 发光涂料（在暗中可见, 用于钟表等）.
2 (fig 比喻) easily understood; clear 易懂的; 清楚的
*a luminous speaker, explanation 语意明晰的演说者、解释.

ˊluːpin a. 狼的,兇猛的

/ˈmæsəreɪt; `mæsəˌret/
v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become soft or break up by soaking （使某物）浸软, 浸开.

/ˌmækɪˈneɪʃn; ˌmækə`neʃən/
n
(a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] evil plot or scheme 诡计; 阴谋
*attempts to counter their machinations 为反击他们的阴谋而进行的努力.
(b) [U] plotting 密谋; 谋画.

/mægˈnænɪməs; mæˇ`nænəməs/
adj having or showing great generosity (esp towards a rival, an enemy, etc) 宽宏大量的, 慷慨的（尤指对竞争者、敌人等）
*a magnanimous person, gesture, gift 大方的人、姿态、礼物
* a leader who was magnanimous in victory, ie when he won 在胜利时宽宏大度的领袖.

/mæˈleɪz; mæ`lez/
n [U, sing] (fml 文)
(a) general feeling of illness, without clear signs of a particular disease 微恙; 不适.
(b) feeling of uneasiness whose exact cause cannot be explained 莫名的不安
*You can see signs of (a creeping) malaise in our office. 在我们办公室里可以看到有某种（令人不寒而栗的）不安迹象.
* a deeply-felt malaise among the working classes 在工人阶级中可深深体会到的不安.

/ˈmæləprɒpɪzəm; `mæləprɑpˌɪzəm/
ncomical confusion of a word with another, similar-sounding,word which has a quite different meaning, eg `an ingenuous(for ingenious) machine for peeling potatoes' 音近词的滑稽误用
*例如｀心直的（原意为　精致的　）土豆削皮机＇.

mælˊfiːzns n. 不正當,不法行為,壞事,瀆職

/ˈmænɪfest; `mænəˌfɛst/
adj ~ (to sb) (fml 文) clear and obvious 明白的; 明显的
*a manifest truth, lie, difference 明显的事实、谎言、区别
* sth that is manifest to all of us 我们大家都很清楚的事情.

v [Tn] (fml 文)
1 show (sth) clearly; demonstrate 清楚地表明, 显示（某事物）; 证明
*manifest the truth of a statement 证明某说法属实
* manifest fear, hatred, etc 显示恐惧、憎恨等
* She manifested little interest in her studies. 她对学习显得没有什么兴趣.
2 ~ itself/themselves show itself/themselves; appear 显露; 出现
*The symptoms manifested themselves ten days later. 十天後出现了症状.
* Has the ghost manifested itself recently? 那鬼魂最近出现过吗? manifestation/ 9mAnIfe5steIFn; 9mAnEfZs`teFEn/ n (fml 文)
1 [U] showing clearly; manifesting 显示; 表明; 证明.
2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] action or statement that shows sth clearly 清楚表明某事的言行
*This riot is only one manifestation of people's discontent. 这骚乱仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已.
3 [C] appearance of a ghost, spirit, etc （鬼魂等的）显灵
*She claims to have seen manifestations of dead people in the haunted house. 她说她在那闹鬼的房子里看见了死人显灵.

/ˈmænɪfest; `mænəˌfɛst/
n list of cargo, passengers, etc on a ship, an aircraft, etc （船、飞机等的）货单, 乘客名单
*the passenger manifest of a ship 轮船乘客名单.

a failure to realize one's aspirations

/ˌmænjʊˈmɪt; ˌmænjə`mɪt/
v (-tt-) (fml 文) (formerly) free (a slave) （旧时）解放（奴隶）.

/ˈmɑːʃl; `mɑrʃəl/
n
1 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) officer of high rank 高级军官
*Field-Marshal, ie in the Army 陆军元帅
* ,Air-Marshal,ie in the Air Force 空军中将. =>App
9 见附录9.
2 official responsible for arranging or controlling crowds at certain public events, eg motor races, ceremonies, etc （负责某些公众活动, 如汽车赛、仪式等的）总指挥, 司仪, 典礼官.
3 (US)
(a) officer with duties similar to a sheriff's 执法官; 保安官.
(b) head of a police or fire department 警察局长; 消防局长.

/ˈmɑːʃl; `mɑrʃəl/
v (-ll-; US -l-)
1 [Tn, Tn.pr] arrange (sb/sth) in proper order; gather 安排（某人）; 整理（某事物）; 集结
*marshal troops, forces, crowds, etc 集结部队、武装力量、人群等
* The children were marshalled into straight lines. 让孩子们排成直行.
* (fig 比喻) marshal one's facts, thoughts, etc 整理自己的资料、思绪等.
2 (phr v) marshal sb into, out of, past, etc sth lead or guide (people) ceremoniously in the specified direction 按礼仪引导（人们）
*marshal people into the presence of the Queen 引领大家觐见女王
* marshal them in/out 带领他们进[出].

/ˌmɑːtɪˈnet; [US]

/ˈmɑːtə(r); `mɑrtɚ/
n
1 person who is killed or made to suffer greatly because of his (esp religious) beliefs 烈士; （尤指）殉道者
*the early Christian martyrs 早期的基督教殉道者
* She died a martyr in the cause of progress, ie died trying to achieve progress. 她为进步事业而牺牲.
2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who suffers or makes sacrifices, or pretends to do so, in order to be admired or pitied 为博得赞赏或同情而受苦、自我牺牲的人
*He always acts the martyr when he has to do the housework. 他一做家务事就装成舍生取义的样子.
* Don't make such a martyr of yourself! 你不必为博得赞赏而自我牺牲!
3 ~ to sth (infml 口) constant sufferer from sth 长期受某物之苦
*She's a martyr to rheumatism. 她长期受风湿病的折磨.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] kill (sb) or make (sb) suffer as a martyr 使（某人）殉难; 处死（某人）使之成殉道者
*He was martyred by the Romans. 他被罗马人处死而成为殉道者.

/məˈtrɪkjʊleɪt; mə`trɪkjəˌlet/
v [I, Tn] be admitted or admit (sb) as a student to a university 被录取入大学; 录取（某人）入大学.

/ˈmeɪtrɪks; `metrɪks/
n (pl matrices / 5meItrIsi:z;`metrI9siz/ or ~es)
1 mould into which molten metal, liquid, etc is poured to form shapes for eg printer's type, gramophone records, etc 铸模, 模型（如字模、唱片原模等）.
2 mass of rock, etc in which minerals, etc are found in the ground 母岩; 脉石; 基岩.
3 place where sth begins or develops 某物产生或成长之处; 发源地; 基质; 母体
*bacteria growing in a matrix of nutrients 生长在培养基中的细菌.
4 (mathematics 数) arrangement of numbers, symbols, etc in a grid, treated as a single quantity in mathematical operations 矩阵. =>illus 见插图.
5 (computing 计) group of circuit elements arranged to look like a lattice or grid 矩阵.

/ˈmɔːdlɪn; `mɔdlɪn/
adj foolishly or tearfully sentimental or self-pitying, esp when drunk 伤感的, 落泪的, 自怜的（尤指酒後）.

/ˈmævərɪk; `mævrɪk/
n
1 (US) unbranded calf 未打烙印的小牛.
2 person with independent or unorthodox views 持独立见解者; 持异议者
*Politically, she's a bit of a maverick. 在政治方面, 她有点自行其是.

/mɪˈændə(r); mɪ`ændɚ/
v
1 [I] (of a river, etc) follow a winding course, flowing slowly （指河流等）蜿蜒缓慢流动.
2 [I, Ipr, Ip]
(a) (of a person) wander aimlesssly （指人）漫步, 闲逛, 徘徊
*meander through the park 从公园的一端漫步到另一端
* meander around/along 闲逛[信步].
(b) (fig 比喻) (of conversation) proceed in an aimless way; ramble （指谈话）漫谈, 闲聊
*The discussion meandered (on) for hours. 讨论会漫无边际地进行了几小时.

a mixture of incongruous elements

/meˈlɪflʊəs; mə`lɪflᴜəs/ (also mellifluent / me5lIflUEnt; mE`lIflJEnt/) adj (of a voice, speech, music, etc) sweet-sounding; (almost) musical （指嗓音、说话、音乐等）甜美的, 动听的
*speak in mellifluous tones 用悦耳的声调说话.

/menˈdeɪʃəs; mɛn`deʃəs/
adj (fml 文) untruthful; lying 虚假的; 撒谎的
*a mendacious story, report, etc 虚构的故事、报告等.

/ˈmɜːsɪnərɪ; [US]

/mɜːˈkjʊrɪəl; mɝ`kjᴜrɪəl/
adj
1 (a) (of people or their moods, etc) often changing （指人或情绪等）多变的, 无常的
*a mercurial temperament 喜怒无常的性情.
(b) lively; quick-witted 活泼的; 机智的
*She has a mercurial turn of conversation. 她谈话善转话锋.
2 (fml or medical 文或医) of, like, containing or caused by mercury 汞的; （像）水银的; 含水银的; 水银引起的
*a mercurial ointment, compound, etc 含汞药膏、汞化合物
* mercurial poisoning 汞中毒.

/mɪˈæzmə; mɪ`æzmə/
n (esp sing 尤作单数) (fml 文)
1 unhealthy or unpleasant mist, etc 瘴气
*A miasma rose from the marsh. 沼泽地里冒出了瘴气.
2 (fig 比喻) bad atmosphere or influence 坏的气氛或影响
*a miasma of despair 绝望的气氛.

/miːn; min/
n [sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) person's appearance or bearing, esp as an indication of mood, etc 仪表; 态度; 风采; 样子; 神态
*with a sorrowful mien 带着悲伤的神情
* a man of proud mien 骄矜的男子
* the severity of his/their mien 他[他们]那严肃的神态.

/ˈmiːljɜː; [US]

/ˈmɪnɪən; `mɪnjən/
n (esp pl 尤作复数) (derog or joc 贬或谑) subordinate or assistant, esp one who tries to win favour by obeying a superior slavishly 下属; 助手; （尤指）唯命是从的奴仆
*the dictator and his minions 独裁者及其奴才
* Can you send one of your minions to collect this file? 你能不能派个助手来取这份档案?

/-fl; -fəl/
adj. mirthless adj
*a mirthless laugh, ie showing that one is not really amused 苦笑.

/muːt; mut/
adj (idm 习语) a moot `point/`question matter about which there is uncertainty 悬而未决的事
*It's a moot point whether men or women are better drivers. 男女司机孰优孰劣尚有争论.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (fml 文) raise (a matter) for discussion; propose 提出（一事）供讨论
*The question was first mooted many years ago. 这个问题是许多年前就提出的.

/ˈmɔːdnt; `mɔrdnt/
adj (fml 文) very sarcastic; biting 讽刺的; 尖酸的
*mordant criticism/humour/wit 尖刻的批评、幽默、妙语.

/ˈmɒrɪbʌnd; [US]

/məˈrəʊs; mə`ros/
adj very unhappy, bad-tempered and silent; sullen 闷闷不乐的; 脾气坏的; 抑郁的
*a morose person, manner, expression 闷闷不乐的人、样子、表情.

muː n. 撅嘴,怪相

ˊmʌkreik n. 堆肥用耙,揭開醜聞
vi. 探聽醜聞,揭發醜聞

ˊmʌgwʌmp n. 中立的政治家;大人物;老大

/mjuːˈnɪfɪsnt; mju`nɪfəsnt/
adj (fml 文) extremely generous; (of sth given) large in amount or splendid in quality 极慷慨的; （指礼赠）丰厚的, 精美的
*a munificent giver, gift 慷慨的施主、馈赠.

/maɪˈəʊpɪə; maɪ`opɪə/
n [U]
1 (medical 医) short-sightedness 近视.
2 (derog 贬) inability to look into the future 缺乏远见; 目光短浅
*ministers charged with myopia 受指责缺乏远见的大臣.

/ˈmɪrɪəd; `mɪrɪəd/
n extremely large number 无数; 极大数量
*Each galaxy contains myriads of stars. 每一星系都有无数的恒星.

adj [attrib 作定语] uncountably many 无数的
*a butterfly's wing, with its myriad tiny scales 带有无数细小鳞片的蝴蝶翅膀.

ˊneibɒb n. 太守;富翁;大財主

/ˈnæsnt; `næsnt/
adj (fml 文) beginning to exist; not yet well developed 新生的; 初生的; 尚未成熟的; 尚不发达的
*a nascent industry, talent, suspicion 新兴的工业、新人才、新发现的疑点.

unspeakable, unutterable

/ˈneglɪdʒənt; `nɛˇlədʒənt/
adj not giving proper attention or care to sth; careless 忽视的; 疏忽的; 粗心大意的
*She was negligent in her work. 她对工作粗心大意.
* He was negligent of his duties. 他玩忽职守.

/ˈneməsɪs; `nɛməsɪs/
n (pl -eses / -Esi:z; -E9siz/)(usu sing 通常作单数) (fml 文) deserved and unavoidable punishment for wrong doing 报应; 罪有应得的惩罚
*to meet one's nemesis 遭报应.

/ˈniːəfaɪt; `niəˌfaɪt/
n (fml 文)
1 person recently converted to some belief or religion 新近改变信仰或皈依某宗教的人.
2 beginner learning a new skill 初学者.

/ˈnepətɪzəm; `nɛpəˌtɪzəm/
n [U] practice among people with power or influence of favouring their own relatives, esp by giving them jobs 优厚亲属的作风（尤指为其安排工作）; 裙带关系.

adj
1 mean; stingy 小气的; 吝啬的
*a niggardly old miser 吝啬的守财奴.
2 (of a gift, etc) having little value （指礼物等）无价值的, 小气的
*a niggardly contribution to the fund 小气的捐助.

/ˈnaɪɪlɪzəm, ˈnɪhɪl-; `naɪəlˌɪzəm, `nɪhəl-/
n [U]
1 total rejection of all religious and moral beliefs （否认一切宗教信仰和道德观念的）虚无主义.
2 belief that nothing really exists （否认一切存在的）虚无主义.

/ˈnɪmbəs; `nɪmbəs/
n (pl ~es / -bEsIz; -bEsIz/ or -bi / -baI; -baI/)
1 (in paintings, etc) bright circle shown round or over the head of a saint; halo （画等中的）（圣者头部四周或上方的）光环, 光轮.
2 rain cloud 雨云.

/nɪəˈvɑːnə; nɪr`vɑnə/ n [U] (in Buddhism and Hinduism) state of perfect bliss in which the individual becomes absorbed into the supreme spirit （佛教和印度教的）涅盘.

/ˈnɔɪsəm; `nɔɪsəm/
adj (fml 文) offensive; disgusting; stinking 令人不快的; 令人讨厌的; 有臭味的
*a noisome sight, smell, etc 令人讨厌的情景、气味等.

/nəʊˈmdɪk; no`mædɪk/
adj of nomads; wandering 游牧的; 流浪的
*a nomadic existence, society 游牧的生活方式、社会.

/ˈnɒmɪnl; `nɑmənl/
adj
1 existing, etc in name only; not real or actual 名义上的; 不实际的; 不真实的
*the nominal ruler of the country 名义上的国家统治者
* the nominal value of the shares 股份的面值
* She is only the nominal chairman
*the real work is done by somebody else. 她只是名义上的主席, 实际工作是别人做的.
2 (of a sum of money, etc) very small, but paid because some payment is necessary （指一笔钱等）很少的, 象徵性的
*a nominal rent, ie one very much below the actual value of the property 象徵性租金（远低于实际租金）
* She charged only a nominal fee for her work. 她为所做工作只收取象徵性费用.
3 (grammar) of a noun or nouns 名词的.

/ˌnɒnˈplʌs; nɑn`plʌs/
v (-ss-; US -s-) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] surprise or puzzle (sb) greatly 使（某人）惊讶或困惑
*I was completely nonplussed by his sudden appearance. 他突然出现使我大吃一惊.

/ˈnɒvl; `nɑvl/
adj (esp approv 尤作褒义) new and strange; of a kind not known before 新奇的; 新颖的; 新的
*a novel idea, fashion, design, experience 新的观念、风尚、设计、经验.

/ˈnɒvl; `nɑvl/
n book-length story in prose about either imaginary or historical characters （长篇）小说
*the novels of Jane Austen 奥斯汀的小说
* historical novels 历史小说.

/ˈnjuːɑːns; [US]

/ˈnʌlɪfaɪ; `nʌləˌfaɪ/
v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]
1 make (an agreement, etc) lose its legal force 使（协议等）失去法律约束力.
2 make (sth) ineffective; counteract 使（某事物）无效; 抵销
*How can we nullify the enemy's propaganda? 怎样才能抵销敌人的宣传?

/ˈɒbdjʊərət; [US]

/əˈblɪtəreɪt; ə`blɪtəˌret/
v [Tn] (fml 文)
1 remove all signs of (sth); rub or blot out 除去（某物）的痕迹; 涂去; 擦掉
*obliterate all fingerprints 擦去全部指印
* (fig 比喻) She tried to obliterate all memory of her father. 她想忘却对父亲的一切记忆.
* The view was obliterated by the fog. 景色被浓雾遮住了.
2 destroy (sth) completely 彻底破坏或毁灭（某事物）
*The entire village was obliterated by the tornado. 整个村庄被龙卷风摧毁了.

/ˈɒbləkwɪ; `ɑbləkwɪ/
n [U] (fml 文) public shame or disgrace; abuse; discredit 公开的羞辱; 辱骂; 败坏名誉.