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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The innominate/brachocephalic artery
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Arises on the right only; it is the first branch off of the aortic arch.
Divides into the right common carotid and subclavian arteries |
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The left common carotid artery
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is the second branch off of the aortic arch
terminates at the carotid bifurcation |
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The left subclavian artery
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is the third branch off of the aortic arch. Terminates at the thoracic outlet.
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Subclavian Artery
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The subclavian artery becomes the axillary as it travels along the shoulder to the upper arm
it arches above the clavicle, in front of the apex of the lung and behind the scalenus anterior muscle |
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Subclavian artery
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it runs laterally and downward to the outer border of the first rib; there it becomes the axillary artery
its most important branches are the vertebral, thyrocervical, internal thoracic, and costocervical arteries |
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The Axillary artery becomes the brachial after giving off seven branches
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superior artery
thoracic artery thoracocoacromial artery lateral thoracic artery subscapular artery anterior and posterior humeral artery thorocodorsal artery |
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The brachial artery courses down the upper arm, ending about 1 cm beyond the bend of the elbow where it divides into
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the radial and ulnar ateries
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the antecubital fossa is
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a triangular region located anterior to and below the elbow
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The radial artery
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originates from the brachial artery and travels down the lateral side of the forearm into the hand
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branches of the radial artery
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gives off a branch in the hand to form the superficial palmar arch and terminates in the deep palmar arch of the hand by joining the deep branch of the ulnar artery
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The ulnar artery
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originates from the brachial artery and travels down the medial side of the forearm into the hand
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Branches of the Ulnar artery
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deep palmar branch and then terminates in the superficial palmar arch
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The superficial palmar arch (volar) consists of the
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deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery and the distal portion of the radial artery
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The digital arteries
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arise from the palmar arches
extend into the fingers/toes divide into lateral and medial branches |
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Ascending aorta
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arises from the left ventricle
has 2 branches, the right and left coronary arteries |
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The aortic arch
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formed by the ascending aorta
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descending thoracic aorta
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extends downward from the aortic arch to just above the diaphragm
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Major visceral branches of the abdominal aorta
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Celiac artery
Superior mesenteric artery Renal arteries inferior mesenteric artery |
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Celiac artery
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feeds the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and spleen
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Celiac artery branches
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left gastric
splenic common hepatic arteries |
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The Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
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feeds the small intestines, cecum, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon
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SMA
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located approximately 1 cm distal to the celiac artery.
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SMA and Celiac artery
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Occasionally share a common truck
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Renal Arteries
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supply blood to the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and ureters. Can sometimes have multiple renal arteries bilaterally
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Left Renal artery
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a common landmark to located the left renal artery is the left renal vein which crosses the aorta anteriorly and is positioned superior to the artery
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Right renal artery
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courses underneath the inferior vena cava (IVC)
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Inferior Mesenteric artery
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supplies the left half of the transverse colon, the descending, iliac, and sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum
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Inferior Mesenteric artery (IMA)
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arises from the distal abdominal aorta approximately 3-4 cm above the arortic bifurcation and can act as a collateral connection
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Major parietal branches of the abdominal aorta
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Inferior phrenic artery
lumbar arteries middle sacral artery |
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Terminal branches of the Abdominal Aorta (AA)
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Left Common iliac artery
Right Common iliac artery |
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Right and Left Iliac Arteries
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carry blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs
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Branches of the Common iliac arteries
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internal (hypogastric) iliac arteries
external iliac arteries |
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Internal Iliac arteries
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3-4 cm in length
they descend into the pelvis and divided into two vessels |
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Branches of the internal iliac arteries
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anterior and posterior internal iliac arteries they bifurcate at the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen
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Internal iliac arteries
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provide arterial inflow to the pelvic wall, gluteal muscle, pelvic viscera, thigh, and perineum. some of these branches anastomose with other arterial branches and can provide collateral flow when necessary.
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External iliac arteries
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essentially continuous of the corresponding common iliac artery. they are larger than the internal iliac artery in adults.
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External iliac artery pathways
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travels in the lateral and inferior direction along the medial side of the psoas major muscle. when it passes underneath the inguinal ligament, the external iliac becomes the common femoral artery
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Inferior epigastric artery
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arises from the external iliac just above the inguinal ligament supplying vessels to the abdominal muscles and skin
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the deep circumflex iliac artery
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arises from the lateral aspect of the external iliac near the inginal ligament and supplies abdominal muscles
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Both External iliac branches
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anastomose with other arterial branches can serve as collateral connections when necessary
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Common Femoral Artery (CFA) branches
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Superficial femoral artery
Deep femoral artery popliteal artery |
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Superficial femoral artery (SFA)
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runs the length of the thigh and enters the popliteal fossa behind the knee
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Hunter's/Adductor Canal
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Created by the confluence of the guadriceps and adductor muscles in the mid to distal thigh.
It is the channel for the femoral vessels |
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Hunter's/adductor Canal
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a landmark for the point at which the superficial femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
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The Deep Femoral Artery (profunda femoris)
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a large branch and arises approximately 5 cm from teh inguinal ligament on the lateral side. it can act as a collateral connection.
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Popliteal artery
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is a distal continuation of the superficial femoral artery
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branches of the popliteal artery
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anterior tibial artery
tibioperoneal trunk |
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Tibioperoneal trunk branches
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posterior tibial artery
peroneal artery |
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Anterior tibial artery (ATA)
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first branch of the distal popliteal artery
passes superficial to the interosseous membrane and runs deep in the front of the leg along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane |
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Distal Anterior tibial artery
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it courses toward the anterior aspect of the tibia and becomes the Dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) as it passes in front of the ankle joint
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Dorsalis Pedis Artery (DPA)
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Forms 2 branches:
First Dorsal Metatarsal and Deep Plantar Arteries |
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Plantar Arch of the Foot
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Deep plantar artery penetrates into the sole of the foot uniting with the lateral plantar artery to form the arch
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Posterior Tibial Artery
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Extends obliquely down the posterior and medial side of the leg. It is commonly referred to as one of the two branches of the tibioperoneal trunk
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Posterior Tibial Artery (PTA)
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Divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot below the medal malleolus, to supply the sole of the foot
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Peroneal Artery
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arises at the distal end of the peroneal truck, passes toward the fibula and travels down the medial side of the bone to supply structures in the lateral side of the leg and the calcaneal region of the foot
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Digital arteries
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the plantar arch and the lateral plantar artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries distribute blood into the digits
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Capillaries
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are vessels of micro circulation
are not much more than a millimeter long are 8-10 microns in diameter (about the same as a red blood cell) Flow quality is stead with low flow velocity Have walls that consist of endothelial cells forming a layer on cell thick form vast networks with a total surface area of about 1.5 acres or 6,000 square meters are supplied by arteries which transport gases nutrients and other essential substances to the capillary beds. |
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capillaries
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constitute a most vital part of the circulatory system it is through the walls of the capillaries that nutrients and waste products are exchanged between tissue and blood to maintain the constancy of the internal environment. it has been said that all other circulatory system organs exist only to serve the capillary beds
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Microscopic anatomy of the arterial wall
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function is to transport blood and gases, nutrients, and other essential substances it contains away from the heart and out to the tissues
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3 Layers of arterial Walls
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Tunica intima
Tunica media Tunica externa (adventitia) |
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Tunic Intima
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The innermost layer of the arterial wall, is thin, and consists of a surface layer of smooth endothelium over a base membrane and connective tissue
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Tunic Media
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intermediate layer of the arterial wall, is thicker and composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, largely of the elastic type these components are usually arranged in a circular pattern
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Tunica externa (adventitia)
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outer layer of the arterial wall somewhat thinner than the media and contains white fibrous connective tissue and at times a few smooth muscle fibers all arranged longitudinally. The adventitial layer usually contains the vaso vasorum.
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Vaso vasorum
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tiny vessels that carry blood to the walls of the larger arteries
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___________________________
What is this structure? ________ ____________ XXXXXXXX| |XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX| |XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX| | <-- what is this? ---------------- ---------------- What is this structure? _________________________ |
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Artery _________ __________ XXXXXXXXX| |XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX| |XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX| | <--- Capillary ---------------- ---------------- Vein _________________________ |