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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Aorta
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- Largest artery in body
- Function: high pressure, pumps oxygenated blood to body |
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Apex
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- Triangular point of heart
- Mostly left ventricle, some right ventricle |
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Auricles
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- Left/right auricles look like flap
- Function: helps atria expand/collapse and hold more blood |
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Base
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- Top of heart
- Includes left and right atria (mostly left) |
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Right coronary artery
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Drains into right atrium
Branches into: - Marginal artery - Posterior interventricular artery |
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Marginal artery
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Nourishes right ventricular myocardium
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Posterior interventricular artery
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Nourishes posterior myocardium
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Left coronary artery
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- VERY important because it goes to the left ventricle
Branches into: - Anterior interventricular artery - Circumflex artery |
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Anterior interventricular artery
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AKA: left anterior descending artery
- nourishes anterior interventricular septum and anterior myocardium |
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Cardiac veins
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- Great cardiac vein
- Posterior vein (of the left ventricle) - Middle cardiac - Small cardiac - Coronary sinus |
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Circumflex artery
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Nourishes posterior left (ventricular) myocardium
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Great cardiac vein
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drains anterior interventricular artery
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Posterior vein (of the left ventricle)
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drains circumflex artery
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Middle cardiac vein
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drains posterior interventricular artery
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Small cardiac vein
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drains marginal artery
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Coronary sinus
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receives deoxygenated blood from cardiac veins and empties into right atrium
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Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular sulcus)
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- groove that divides atrium and ventricles
- houses coronary vessels |
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Epicardium
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Same as visceral pericardium
- slippery serous membrane surrounding the heart (reduces friction) |
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Inferior vena cava
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think "vein"
- drains trunk, lower extremities (legs) |
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Interventricular sulcus
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- groove that divides the ventricles
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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scar tissue that used to be open where blood went pulmonary trunk to aorta;
after birth, hormones released and separated (used to be Ductus arteriosum) |
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Parietal pericardium
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with the visceral pericardium, it forms the pericardial cavity (which is serous membrane-bound with serous fluid)
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Pericardial cavity
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Space between visceral and parietal pericardium (holds pericardial serous fluid)
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Pericardial sac
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Visceral pericardium + Parietal pericardium + Pericardial (serous) fluid
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Pulmonary trunk
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artery that comes out of the right ventricle (carries blood away from heart to the lungs); divides into R/L pulmonary arteries
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Pulmonary arteries
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Branches from the pulmonary trunk and goes towards each lung (R/L)
- Function: delivers blood to lungs |
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Pulmonary veins
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- Delivers oxygenated blood from lungs to heart, into the left atrium
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Right and left atrium
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Low pressure, receives blood (right receives deoxygenated; left receives oxygenated)
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Right and left ventricle
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High pressure, pumps blood (right pumps to lungs; left pumps to body)
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Superior vena cava
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Systemic vein drains head and upper extremities (arms)
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Visceral pericardium
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SAME as EPICARDIUM
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Atrioventricular Valves
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- Tricuspid valve
- Bicuspid (Mitral) valve - Chordae tendineae |
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Tricuspid Valve
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Blood passes one-way from right atrium to right ventricle through 3 cusps
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Bicuspid Valve
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- AKA mitral
Blood passes one-way from left atrium to left ventricle through 2 cusps |
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Mnemonic for Valves
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LAB RAT
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Chordae tendineae
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-Connects cusps of valves to papillary muscles;
-Prevents valve prolapse (when valves go up/backward) so blood goes one-way only |
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Semilunar valves
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3 moon-shaped cusps
- Pulmonary semilunar valve - Aortic semilunar valve |
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Pulmonary semilunar valve
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allows ejection of blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk but prevents backflow of blood (one-way flow) into right ventricles
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Aortic semilunar valve
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allows ejection of blood from left ventricle to ascending aorta (some of the blood then flows into coronary arteries)
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Sinoatrial node
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cardiac excitation begins here; located in right atrial wall
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Atrioventricular node
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located in interatrial septum, just anterior to opening of coronary sinus
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Bundle of His
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Aka: Atrioventricular bundle
- R/L Bundle branches - only site where APs can conduct from atria to ventricles |
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Purkinje fibers
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large diameter; rapidly conduct APs beginning at apex of heart up to ventricular myocardium
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Papillary muscles
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Contract to help anchor down valves
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Trabeculae carneae
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Ridges of ventricles
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Pectinate muscles
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Ridges of atria
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Myocardium
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Tissue type
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Interventricular septum
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Dividing thin wall between ventricles (solid, no holes)
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Interatrial septum
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Divides atria
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Endocardium
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Layer that lines inside of the heart
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Opening of coronary sinus
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Inside the right atrium
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Fossa ovalis
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walled area that was formerly open between the right atrium and left atrium in the fetus (called foramen ovale when open)
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Openings of the coronary arteries
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In the ascending aorta;
when heart contracts, coronary arteries squeezed shut, no blood goes through. when heart relaxes, high pressure so blood goes through arteries |
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Fibrous skeleton/ Fibrous Rings
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connective tissue that adds strength to valves
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