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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are children more susceptible to lead poisoning?
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Permeability BBB; greater intestinal absorbtion
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How does lead exert its neurotoxic effects?
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Inhibition of neurotransmitters by disrupting calcium homoestasis
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What are the effects of lead on bone?
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-By interfering with normal remodeeling of cartilege and primary bony trabeculae
-"lead lines" -inhibits fracture heading by increasing chondrogenesis and inhibiting cartilege mineralisation |
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How does lead cause anaemia?
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inhibiting activity of enzymes involved in heme synthesis
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How does lead affect the GI tract?
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"lead colic"
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How does lead affect the nervous system in children?
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subtle to severe/lethal
reduced IQ, psychomotor disturbance, learning disabilities psychosis, seizures, coma |
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What neurological manifestations of lead poisoning are more prevalent in adults?
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Peripheral neuropathy - extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers followed by the peroneal muscles
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How does lead affect the kidneys?
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Proximal tubular damage
Interstitial fibosis Renal failure Gout - reduced uric acid secretion |
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How is lead poisoning diagnosed?
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Suspected - neurologic and behavioural changes
Microscopy - unexplained anaemia with stiplling in red cells Definitive - lead levels and free red cell protoporyphyrin |
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What are the side effects of arsenic?
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Toxic - arsenic trioxide
Fatal - since it replaces ATP Neurological effects between 2-8 weeks Developement of cancers + skin changes - hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis |
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What are the side effects of cadmium?
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Obstructive lung disease
Kidney disease Osteoporosis and osteomalacia with associated kindney disease (Itai-Itai) Lung cancer |
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What are the side effects of mercury?
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Minomata's disease
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What is the main protective mechanism against mercury?
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Intracellular glutathione
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How are arsenic induced skin tumours different from ordinary tumours induced by sunlight?
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Multiple
Appear on the palms and soles |
