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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what runs through greater sciatic foramen?
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superior gluteal n/a/v, piriformis muscle, inferior gluteal n/a/v, sciatic n, internal pudendal v/a, pudendal n
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what runs through lesser sciatic foramen?
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internal pudendal a/v, pudendal n
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what landmarks define pelvic inlet?
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sacral promontory (S1), linea terminalis (pubic crest, iliopectineal line, arcuate line)
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what structures are in deep perineal space of male?
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membranous urethra, urogenital diaphragm (deep transverse perineal mm, sphincter urethrae mm), brr of internal pudendal artery (penis artery), brr of pudendal n (dorsal n of penis), bulbourethral glands
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what structures are in deep perineal space of female?
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urethra, vag, urogenital diaphragm (deep transverse perineal, sphincter urethrae mm), brr of internal pudendal artery (clit artery), brr of pudendal n (dorsal clit nerve), NO GLANDS
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branches of thyrocervical trunk?
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(off subclavian); suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery, inferior thyroid artery
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branches off axillary artery?
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thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular
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branches of brachial artery
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deep brachial artery (midshaft fx! with radial nerve), radial artery, ulnar artery
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superior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with ?
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posterior ulnar recurrent artery (elbow)
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inferior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with ?
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anterior ulnar recurrent artery
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middle collateral artery anastomoses with ?
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interosseus recurrent artery
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radial collateral artery anastomoses with?
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radial recurrent artery
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5 major terminal branches of brahcial plexus
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musculocutaneous n (c5-C7); axillary n (C5, C6); radial n (C5-T1); median n (C5-T1); ulnar n (C5-T1)
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Klumpke injury involves what rami and damages what nerves
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(lower trunk injury); ventral primary rami of C8, T1; damages ulnar and median nerves and sympathetic componeny of spinal nerve T1
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Erb-Duchenne palsy involves what rami and damages what nerves?
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ventral primary rami of C5, C6; damages musculocutaneous (biceps, brachialis), suprascapular n (infraspinatus m); axillary n (teres minor, etc); phrenic n
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which nerve may be injured by fracture of surgical neck of humerous or anterior dislocation of shoulder?
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axillary n
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what happens if surgical neck of humerous fractured?
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axillary n damage--> abduction of arm TO horizontal impaired (deltoid), lateral rotaiton of arm weakened (teres minor), sensory loss of lateral arm
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which nerve may be injured by badly fitting crutch or midshaft fx of humerus?
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radial nerve (->wrist drop)
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what happens if midshaft of humerus fractured?
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radial n damage--> wrist/finger extensors don't work but forearm can extend (triceps still ok), sensory loss of posterior arm/forearm and lateral hand dorsum
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which nerve may be injured by supracondylar fracture of humerus?
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median nerve (get benediction hand)
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hand deviates to ulnar side on flexion suggests damage to which nerve?
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median nerve (perhaps supracondylar fx of humerus?)
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how test for integrity of median nerve?
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have pt make OK sign with thumb and index finger
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how does median nerve injury at wrist manifest differently than median nerve injury at elbow?
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if the damage is at wrist, flexion of thumb is maintained b/c flexor pollicis longus muscle is spared (if at elbow, thumb abduction, opposition AND flexion are lost)
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fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus might damage what nerve?
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ulnar nerve (mild claw hand)
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slashing of wrist on ulnar side might injure what nerve?
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ulnar nerve (severe claw hand)
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tendons of what muscles form rotator cuff?
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subscapular (subscapular n), infraspinous (suprascapular n), teres minor (axillary), supraspinous (suprascapular)
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acute rotator cuff tear usually involves which muscle?
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supraspinatous (tendon)
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what is Nursemaid elbow?
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severe distal traction of radius (e.g. caused by parent yanking child's arm); can cause subluxation of head of radius from annular ligament
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what important structures in cubital fossa?
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median nerve, brachial artery, biceps brachii tendon, median cubital v, radial nerve (deep to brachioradialis muscle)
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adduction at MP joint accompished by?
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palmar interosseous muscles
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aBduction at MP joint accomplished by?
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dorsal interosseus muscles)
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flexion at MP jnt accomplished by?
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felxor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbricals
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flexion at DIP jnt accomplished primarily by?
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flexor digitorum profundus muscle
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what structures pass through carpal tunnel
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flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, flexor digitorum profundus tendon, flexor pollicis longus tendon, median nerve (NO ARTERIES)
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what structures can be damaged in suicide cut on radial side of wrist?
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radial artery, median nerve, flexor carpi radialis tendon, palmaris longus tendon
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deep laceration on ulnar side of wrist may cut who?
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ulnar artery, ulnar n, flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
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most commonly fractured carpal bone?
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scaphoid
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what tendons form anatomic snuffbox?
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extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
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what is a Colles fracture?
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posterior displacement of distal portion of radius. usually happens when person falls on outstretched hand with wrist extended; often also fracture of ulnar styloid process
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significance of artery of ligamentum teres?
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artery to the head of femur that is important to children b/c it supplies the head of the femur proximal to epiphyseal growth plate. after the growth plate closes, this artery becomes insignificant
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in adults, what artery provides the main blood supply to the head and neck of femur?
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medial circumflex artery (branch of profunda femoris)
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branches of profunda femoris artery (3)
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four perforating arteries, medial circumflex artery, lateral circumflex artery
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branches of popliteal artery (continuation of femoral a at adductor hiatus)
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genicular arteries, anterior tibial artery (with deep peroneal nerve), posterior tibial artery
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what is the cruciate anastomosis?
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collateral circulation around hip jnt involving: inferior gluteal a, medial/lateral femoral circumflex arteries, first perforating branch of profundus femoris
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great saphenous vein travels with what nerve around which malleolus?
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travesl with saphenous nerve anterior to MEDIAL malleolus
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lesser saphenous vein travels with what nerve around what malleolus?
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travels with sural nerve and passes POSTERIOR to LATERAL malleolus
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which 2 nerves make up sciatic nerve?
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tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve
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sensory loss of femoral n injury?
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anterior thigh and medial leg
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positive Trendelenburg sign seen with injury to what nerve?
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contralateral superior gluteal nerve
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fracture of neck of fibular might damage which nerve?
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common peroneal n
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trauma to popliteal fossa might damage what nerve?
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tibial nerve
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clinical features of common peroneal nerve injury
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foot drop, inability to stand on heels, walk with foot slap
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clnical features of tibial nerve injury
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inability to stand on toes, dorsiflexion/eversion of foot (b/c inversion/plantar flexion lost)
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clinical features of inferior gluteal nerve injury
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leaning backward at heel strike
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sensory loss in tibial nerve injury
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sole of foot
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largest ligament of hip?
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iliofemoral ligament (reinforces hip joint anteriorly)
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which meniscus is C-shaped and more easily torn?
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medial
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what ligaments make up deltoid ligament?
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(medial malleolus) anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal
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inversion/eversion of foot occurs at what joint?
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subtalar
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what ankle ligament most commonly stretched/torn?
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anterior talofibular ligament (of lateral ligament)
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what is a Jones fracture
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avulsion of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal; commonly seen in inversion injury to ankle
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specific injuries in Pott fracture (eversion injury)
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avulsion of medial malleolus (deltoid ligament v strong), fracture of fibula
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contents of anterior triangle (neck) (6)
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common carotid artery, IJV, CNX, ansa cervicalis, sympathetic trunk, CN XII
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contents of posterior cervical triangle (6)
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subclavian artery, EJV, cervical plexus, brachial plexus trunks, phrenic nerve, CN XI
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5 major cartilages of larynx
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cricoid, thryoid, epiglottis, 2 arytenoids
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all intrinsic muscles of larynx innervated by WHAT and what is the exception?
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all but cricothyroid muscle (ext branch of superior laryngeal nerve of CNX) are innervated by inferior laryngeal nerve of CN X
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what is the only muscle that ABducts the vocal folds?
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posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
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arterial supply of thyroid gland
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superior thyroid artery (external carotid), inferior thyroid artery (subclavian's thyrocervical trunk), thyroid ima artery (from aortic arch in 10% of pop.)
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what is the ligament of Berry?
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superior suspensory ligament of thyroid gland
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surgery on parotid gland may damage what nerve?
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auriculotemporal nerve of CN V--> loss of sensation in auriculotemporal area
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what is Frey syndrome
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sweating whenever a person eats; due to aberrant regeneration of auriculotemporal nerve of CN V
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what nerve passes through foramen rotundum?
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CN V2
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what nerve passes through foramen ovale
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CN V3 and lesser petrosal nerve
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what nerve passes through foramen lacerum
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trick quesiton. this one is empty
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which nerves pass through jugular foramen?
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CN IX, X, XI
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