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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
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What is a pokaryote? |
Organisms that contain circular DNA. They often don't have a nuclear membrane |
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What is a eukaryote? |
An organism that contain linear chromosomes (Like us) and they are contained in the nucleus that has a membrane |
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What type of bond is between base pairs of DNA? |
Weak hydrogen bonds |
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What type of bond is in the sugar-phosphate backbone? |
Strong covalent bonds |
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What is the structure of DNA? |
It's a double stranded helix with antiparallel strands |
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What does it mean by semi-conservitive DNA? |
It means that half of new DNA comes from old DNA. |
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What are the 5 things required for DNA replication? |
•DNA template •nucleotides •energy supply •enzymes •primers |
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What are the enzymes required for DNA replication and what are their functions? |
•ligase - to join up okazaki fragments •DNA polymerase - to pair up nucleotides •helicase - to unwind DNA and hold replication fork open |
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What is the leading strand of DNA? |
It is in the 5 prime 3 prime direction and works continuously replicating DNA |
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What is the lagging strand of DNA? |
It is replicated in fragments because DNA polymerase doesn't replicate in the 3 prime 5 prime direction. The replication is discontinuous because of okazaki fragments and is joined together with ligase |
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What is the replication fork? |
It's is the site of replication. Helicase holds the fork open |
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Name the three different types of RNA and state where they are found |
•mRNA - found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It carries DNA to to ribosomes •rRNA - found in ribosomes. It takes part in translation of mRNA •tRNA - found in cytoplasm and ribosomes. It carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome. |
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What do proteins consist of? |
Polypeptide chains |
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What are the three different types of proteins? |
Fibrous, globular and conjugated |
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What are introns? |
Non coding RNA |
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What is the mature mRNA transcript? |
RNA that is ready for synthesis |
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What makes up a protein? |
Long chains of amino acids and polypeptide bonds |
