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31 Cards in this Set
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H and E stain
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Most used stain, acid-base relationship
Hematoxyline: Stains acid components Blue (nucleus) Esonin: stains basic components Red (cytoplasm) |
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Three stains for bacteria
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1) Gram: bacteria that maintain their crystal violent stain are gram positive. Bacteria are small circular things
2) Acid Fast: Retains their dye and are stained red even after being exposed to acid. Things such as TB 3) Warthin-starry: Silver stain, detects spirochetes. Spiral shaped bacteria. |
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2 stains for fungi
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1) PAS: Stains it pink plasma membrane and blue/purple nucleus. Stains carb/glycogen magenta. (think pink). used to find fungi
2) GMS: very dark, black spiral shaped fungi. Little blue ECM. BLACK. (think getho) |
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Special stains Oil Red O
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Stains lipid/fat RED
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Rhodanine-Copper
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Stains cooper BROWN. this is useful in liver disease and wilson's disease as cooper accumulates in the liver
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Prussian Blue
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Stains iron/hemosiderin BLUE. it can be used to find places of hemorrage as it stains iron blue (RBC)
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Congo Red
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Stains amyloids pink (in brain after alzehmiers). Under polarized light, it has a apple-green birefringence
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Masson's trichrome
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Stains collagen BLUE and muscle RED
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Reticulin
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Stains collagen type 3 (located on the skin, lung, vascular system)
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Toluidine blue
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Stains mast cell and basophil granules MAGENTA
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Cytokertain
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tumor of epithelial cells, carcinoma
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Vimentin
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tumor of Mesenchymal cells/connective tissue, sarcoma
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CD20
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Tumor of lymphocytes, lymphoma
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In situ hybridization (ISH)
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Uses labeled complementary DNA or RNA strand to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a section of tissue. Breast cancer
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FISH
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Uses ISH but the target DNA or RNA is bright under florsecent imaging
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Frozen Section
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When patient is on the operating table, and this can be used to tell quick if it's maligant or beign or has clean edges
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Black india Ink
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Used to mark a tissue or organ. to see the margins of the cancer
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Cytology
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Study of cells. Uses fine needle aspirate to look at cells. Uses eosin red (cytoplasm) and methylene blue (plasma membrane) a lot.
Romanowsky stain |
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Blood origin
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From the meschymal/mesoderm. It's a connective tissues made up of RBC, white blood cells, and platelets. And the plasma is the ECM. Fibrin is a protein important for clotting.
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Albumin
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osmotic pressure
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globulins
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immune system
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complement
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lyse bacterial cell walls
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clotting factors
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helps to initiate hemostasis
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Basophilia
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RNA, DNA, THINK BLUE
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Azurophilia
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Lysosomes stain purple
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Eosinophilia
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Hemoglobin. THINK PINK
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Neutrophilia
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LIGHT PINK
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Platelets
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Small, purple dots.
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3 things of granules
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Alpha: most numerous, adhesion and growth factors. initially needed for repair
dense/delta: platelet adhesion and vasoconstriction. filled with serotonin Lamda: clot reabsorption, but releasing hydrolytic enzymes |
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DTS and OCS
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Where calcium is stored. and it's released through the OCS
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Hypocellular bone marror vs. hypercellular
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too little blood formation, chemo
too much blood formation, cancer |