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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Urinary system consists of the ______ where filtration takes place, and a number of _______ passages that convey filtered urine from the kidney to outside.
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1. kidneys
2. Urinary |
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kidney is bean shaped covered by _____ , on medial side indentation called the _____ through which the _____ artery enters and _____ vein and ureter exit..
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1. capsule
2. hilum 3. renal |
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outer zone is called?
inner zone is called? |
1.cortex
2. medulla |
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the medulla is made up of about 8-18 pyramidal structures called renal or _______ pyramids.
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Medullary
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cortical material extends between medullary pyramids to constitute the ____ or _____ columns
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cortical
renal |
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these renal coulmns contain the ______ vessels and long ____ _ _____.
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interlobar
loops of henle |
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medullary substances from base of pyramids extend into cortex as medullary rays, which contain the straight _____ ______, short ______ _ ______.
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1. collecting tubules
2. loops of henle |
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Papillae of pyramids fit into cup-shaped structures called _____ ______, which unite to form major calyces
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minor calyces
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major calyces unite to form a conical structure called the ____ pelvis, which tapers into a long tube, the ______.
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1.renal
2. ureter |
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Parenchyma of kidney is known as the?
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convoluted uriniferous tubule.
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the convoluted uriniferous tubule is made of two parts? what are they?
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1. Nephron
2. Collecting tubules |
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Nephron--- this is the part in which urine forms, its compnents are?
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1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Loop of Henle 4. distal convoluted tubule |
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Collecing tubule---- these convey urine to urinary passages. They include
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1. arched collecting tubules
2. straight collecting tubules 3. terminal collecting ducts (of bellini)- these open into renal papilae |
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Renal Corpuscle
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spherical structure made up of a tuft of capillaries.
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these tuft of capillaries are called the_______ invaginating a capsule of epithelial cells called_________ capsule
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glomerulus
bowman's |
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Glomerulus is a type II capillaries, they are supplied by an ______ glomerular arteriole and drained by _____ glomerular arteriole.
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1. afferent
2. efferent |
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Bowmans capsule made up of simp squam cells in form of outer _____ and inner _____ layers.
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1. parietal
2. visceral |
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The three layers that constitute the Filtration barrier are?
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1. capillary endothelium of glomeruli
2. visceral epithelium of Bowmans capsule 3. their fused basement membranes in between them |
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afferent arteriole shows modification in its wall, where it loses elastic lamina and smooth muscle becomes short, these modified cells are called the ___________, they secrete ______.
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1. juxta glomerular cells
2. renin |
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the granules in these cells represent a secretory product of these cells called?
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Renin
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renin is discharged into the blood in response _______ ____ _______ _______.
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to a drop in glomerular blood pressure
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It activates substance in blood called?
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angiotensinogen
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angiotensin I turns into angiotensin II, a strong vasoconstrictor that elevates ?
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glomerular pressure
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Proximal convoluted tubule is a very long twisted tubule that is attached to ?
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bowmans capsule
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Prox convoluted tubule--- tubule appears rounded w/ moderate lumen lined with few cuboidal cells, How many??
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3-5
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these cells have may microvilli, Most of the fluid of the glomerular filtrate (about ____% is _______ here?
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1. 85
2. reabsorbed |
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Loop of henle is in the form of a __ shaped with a descending limb and an ascending limb.
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U
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Distal convoluted tubule appear oval w/ wide lumen lined by cuboidal cells... how many?
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5-8
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Distal convoluted tubule--
More fluid is absorbed here and is UNDER THE CONTROL of the _________ hormone of the pituitary gland. |
antidiuretic
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at junction w/ ascending limb of Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubule is close relation to afferent glomerular cell, these cells are called ______
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macula densa cells
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Functional role of Distal convoluted tubule is not clear, believed cells may be sensitive to _________
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sodium ion concentration
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Distal convoluted cont--cells occupying other space between afferent and efferent glomerular and constitute what is known as ?
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extraglomerular mesangial cells
(lacis, polar cushion, or pollkissin cells) |
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Distal convoluted cont-- extraglomerular mesangial cells are similar cells which exist in intercapillary space between glomerular capillaries known as?
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intraglomerular mesangial cells
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Kidney collecting tubeles-
Termial collecting ducts receive ______ from collecting tubules. |
urine
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Terminal collecting ducts Open into the ___ ______
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renal papilae
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Urinary passages include minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra
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---
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Minor and major calyces and renal pelvis all have?
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the same structureof their walls
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Mucosa surface epithelium is
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transitional
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ureter has basically the same structure as the calyces and pelvis, surface epithelium is?
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transitional, but is thicker due to a thicker musculosa.
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Urinary bladder has a wide _____ and thick wall, made up of mucosa, musculosa, adventitia
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lumen
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Muscusa has ______ surface epithelium w/ a wide zone of lamina propria.
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transitional
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urethra- is a tube connecting the _________ to the outside, longer in males than in females.
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urinary bladder
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Male urethra is long and made up of three parts, name them.
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1.Prostatic urethra
2. Membranous urethra 3. Penile urethra |
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Prostatic urethra is lined by _____ epithelium
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transitional
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membranous between prostate and penis, it is lined by _________ epithelium
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pseudostratified
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Penile urethra runs into penis and is lined by _________ epithelium.
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stratified columnar
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Penile urethra terminal part, the _____ _____, the epithelium becomes ______ _____
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1. fossa navicularis
2. stratified squamos |
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Eputhelial lining sends tubular invaginations, forming mucus secreting glands called urethral glands or ?
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glands of litre
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Female urethra- Mucosa is in the ______ portion, it is lined with _______ epithelium, but is mostly lined with ____ ______
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1.proximal
2. transitional 3. strat squamos |
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mucous membrane of femal urethra lubricated by glands around lower end of urethra in the area of the vestibule, called _______ _______ _____.
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minor vestibular glands
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