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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is imperialism
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Political and economic domination and control of one particular group of people by another group
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What were colonial motivations
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Territory, resources, control more people, trade routes, religion, glory and wealth
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1876 what happened
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Queen Victoria was declared empress of India
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What resources did Europeans find in Africa
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Gold, diamonds, palm oil, cotton, cocoa, and rubber
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Who fought for land in South Africa
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Dutch farmers and indigenous Africans
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Berlin conference
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1884- conference of European nations
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What were industrial advantages
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Guns, railroads, steamships, and medicine
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El Niño
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Environmental disaster in South Africa
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Imperial society
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Changing conditions of everyday life
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Indirect rule lead to
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Reduced costs
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Social disorder
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Women and children, missionaries
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Who was Pixley Ka Isaka Seme
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South African lawyer, part of African national conference in 1912
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Maji-Maji rebellion
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- German-ruled Tanganyika
- protest against forced labor |
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Indian response to maji maji
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- rise of nationalism
- Indian national congress 1885 - Bal Gangadhar Tilak - 1906 Muslim Indians formed the All-India Muslim league |
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Qing dynasty decline
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- no industrial revolution
- forced domination by foreign powers |
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China internal problems
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- large land mass with huge population
- center could not control periphery - high tax and rent on peasants - poor/foreign rulers - enviornmental factors |
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China external priblems
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- increased levels of trade with Europe
- restricts trade with Britain to one port - receive opium in trade for tea from Britain |
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What caused first opium war
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- Opium addiction becomes a problem
- chinese government attempts to disrupt trade and outlaw the plant |
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First opium war
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British defeat chinese and established treaty of Nanjing
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Results of opium wars
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Exposes China's weaknesses and Britain's strengths
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Treaty of Nanjing
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- first treaty of unequal partnership
- China pays large some to Britain - opium trade begins with more open ports - British merchants under British law, not Chinese |
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Taiping Rebellion
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1850-1864
- revolt against Manchu Qing dynasty - Taiping were defeated and the Manchu govt re-established authority |
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Hong Xiuguan
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- Rebel leader
- Influenced by Protestant missionaries - received visions that he was sent to change things |
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Industrial disparity between east and west
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Wealth gap widened between two as result of industrialization
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Huge global disparity
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Harvest size no longer matter, now it's industrial output
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Environment and climate change
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- Brought upon by changes in modes of production
- Deforestation by China and India led to soil erosion |
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How did Qing dynasty try to strengthen china
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- Promote concept of self-strengthening
- Military and agricultural reforms, improvements in communication |
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Why was China still weak?
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- still strength of local landowners
- forced to maintain low tariffs on Britain and France - manufacturing couldn't compete with European producers |
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Sino-Japanese war
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China and Japan go to war over Korea. Japan won
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Boxer-Rebellion
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Anti-western, anti-Christian rebellion waged mainly by poor peasants
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Ottoman empire
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- Mix of religions, diverse populations, many languages
- declines after 1750 due to no industrial revolution |
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Sick man of Europe
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- OE loses territory in Europe and their military is weakened
- external defeats in military rivals leading to loss of control |
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Internal Problems in OE
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- Weakening of state- weak rulers
- inability to control local political elites - fall in trade/commerce - no revolutions - administration within empire is corrupt - need money from industrialized countries |
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External problems in OE
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- Greek revolution
- capitulations- agreements between European countries and the OE - borrowing more and more money from foreign govt |
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Tanzimat-era reforms
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- defensive modernizations
- attempts to re-centralize the state - changes in legal status |
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Edict of Gulhane
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- challenged the fundamentally Islamic character of state
- mixed tribunals with representatives from various religions - more Christians appointed to high office - increase in secular legislation and school - increased education opportunities for women |
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Young ottomans
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- new class emerged from reform
- lower level officials, military officers, writers, poets, and journalists - favored Islamic modernism |
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Sultan abd al-hamid II
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1876- accepts a constitution and an elected parliament
- short-lived victory |
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China and OE similarites
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- semi-colonies within informal empire of Europe
- gave rise to new nationalist conception - both empires collapsed and rejected new cultures emerging |
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Japan before 1600
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- four islands very small, mountainous
- terrain made for a divided political legacy - emperor had little power and was controlled by daimyo |
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Unification of hapan
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- shoguns-> military leaders
- Oda Nobunaga initiated unification - built castles at strategic points - gave land & govt positions to enemies and in return they must follow rules - Tokugawa Ieyasu continues work |
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Tokagawa Shogunate
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- defeated coalition of daimyo and pushed emperor to aside in new capital (Tokyo)
- divided society into four groups - strict rules over each group |
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Japanese trade
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- with European nations and China and Korea
- expel Christian missionaries suppress practice of it - no travel abroad - Dutch allowed at one site - stability lead to success |
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Isolationist party ends
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U.S. Sends commodore perry and Japan opens doors
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Meiji restoration
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- 1868 those unhappy with shogunate revolt
- civil war leads to takeover by young samurai - young emperor on throne but govt is an oligarchy |
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Modernization Japanese style
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- national unity- attack on power and privileges of daimyo and samurai
- end class system and all Japanese legally equal - open travel and trade |
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Japanese modern education systwm
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Universal primary schooling but with gender specific curriculum and sex segregated schools
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Development of Japanese economy
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- state divided industrialization
- Zaibatsu-> large conglomerate industries - accomplished through own resources and lack of foreign debt |
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Japan and the world
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- western powers recognize Japan's transformation
- launched its own empire building enterprise - successful wars against China and Russia - gain Taiwan and Korea and territory in Manchuria |
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Causes of WWI
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- assassination of archduke Ferdinand
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Background before war
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- Balkans divided by religion
- German empire agreed to support Austria in retaliating against Serbia |
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Total war in europe
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- war of attrition resulted in enormous casualties on both sides
- altered govts and societies across Europe |
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Global dimensions
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- Japan declares war on Germany
- ottomans join Germany - Britain and France suffer high casualties, recruit troops from Africa and Asia |
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United States role
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- was committed to neutrality
- enters war in 1917 after Germans sank ships - armistice of November ends war |
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Paris peace conference
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- led by u.s., France, and Britain
- decide what to do with Germany - Wilson- 14 points - Britain- protect economic interests - France- make Germany pay |
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Treaty of Versailles
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Responsibly of war placed on Germany, must pay major reparations
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Mandate system
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Major European powers get control over more African Asian people
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Search for political atability
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- France and Britain disagree on punishment for Germany
- Germany struggles to pay - American Charles Dawes comes up with Dawes plan |
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Dawes plan
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- give money to France for Germany and Germany will repay usa later
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Great Depression
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Oct 29, 1929 U.S. Stock market collapses
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Global economic collapse
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- block imports, cut budgets, farmers crops sell for 50% less
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Social effects of Great Depression
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- modernization continued
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Militarizing the masses
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Mussolini, Stalin, and hitler mobilizing masses in their area
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Totalitarianism
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Highly centralized systems of govt that attempted to control society and ensure obedience through a single party and police terror
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Russian revolution
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- Tsar Nicholas II instituted reforms
- tsar blamed for failure of war and he abdicates in February 1917 - provisional govt set up under aleksandr kerensky |
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New economic policy
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- Lenin gained control of Russia and created Central Committee
- names Russia the Union of soviet socialist republics - created new economic policy in order to restart the economy |
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Reshaping Russian society
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- Joseph Stalin succeeded Lenin
- statins slogan was "socialism in one country" - 1928 started first five year plan - Stalin was successful and within 10 years the Soviet Union had become fastest growing industry in world |
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Militarizing the masses in 1930's
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- Japanese military gets out of control
- China's new life movement - Manchurian incident |
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Hitlers rise to power
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- overthrew German democratic govt
- Elected as chancellor in 1933 - has support of German youth, white-collar, and lower middle class |
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Repression of nazi state
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- Closed down representative govt
- suspended civil rights, prohibited political party meetings - enabling act of 1933 - ss and gestapo used to enforce obedience |
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Nazi racism
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- defined Jews as an inferior race dangerous to superior Aryan race
- Nuremberg laws |
