History 7 Final - Islam

"submission"- entrusting one's wholeness to another.

A follower of the religion of Islam.

The one God, in Islam.

Refers to the sin of practicing idolatry or polytheism. Means establishment of "partners" placed beside God.

Arab founder of Islam; held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God.

Central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God.

A chapter of the Holy Qur'an.

verse

Traditional report about the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad.

The chain of authorities attesting to the historical authenticity of a particular hadith.

Text of the hadith.

The behavior of the Prophet Muhammad, used as a model in Islamic law.

The birthplace of Muhammad, holiest city for Muslims.

The minority branch of Islam which tells that Muhammad's legitimate successors were 'Ali and a series of Imams; a follower of this branch.

A follower of the majority branch of Islam which tells that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community.

In Shi'ite Islam, the title for the person carrying the initiatic tradition of the Prophetic Light.

The divine law in Islam.

The holy pilgrimage to Mecca for Muslims.

The mystical path in Islam.

Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina.

In Sunni Islam, the successor to the Prophet.

The central Muslim expression of faith: "There is no got but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God."

The Muslim's struggle against the inner forces that prevent God-realization and the outer barriers to establishment of the order.

a cube-shaped building in Mecca, the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine, into which is built the black stone believed to have been given by Gabriel to Abraham. Muslims turn in its direction when praying.

a member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from AD 660 to 750 and Moorish Spain from 756 to 103. It was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.

An Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "handsome" or "beautiful". It is commonly given as a male given name, particularly among Shias.[

The city, best known as the location of the Battle of Karbala (680), is amongst the holiest cities for Shia Muslims alongside Mecca and Medina and the noble sanctuary in Jerusalem. It is home to the Imam Hussein Shrine.

The practice of the faith itself adapted to new cultures as its message spread eastward from the Arab lands to Iran and India. Succession crises through the ages led to offshoots that broke away from the main body of Shiism—also known as Twelvers, for recognizing twelve imams.

A group of Shias claimed that Ismail had inherited his father’s religious charisma while both men were still alive. Others disputed this and located the succession in a living younger son. Those who affirmed the charisma of Ismail came to be known as Ismailis or Seveners, for breaking off from the main body of Shiism after the seventh imam.

The prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years before the Day of Judgment and will rid the world of evil.

a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.

Islamic revival refers to a revival of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in the 1970s and is manifested in greater religious piety and in a growing adoption of Islamic culture.

Muslim scholars believe that while the Qur’an was revealed over a period of 23 years the Night of Power is considered the night in which the first revelations of Islam and the prophethood of Muhammed began. This night is in celebration of the arrival of the Qur’an.

Muawiyah I established the Umayyad Dynasty of the caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan.

Kharijites is a general term describing former Muslims who, while initially supporting the authority of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law and cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, then later rejected his leadership.

The Abbasid Caliphate, was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Khadijah or Khadīja bint Khuwaylid or Khadīja al-Kubra was the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. She is commonly regarded by Muslims as the "mother of Islam". She was the first person to convert to Islam.

cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, and fourth of the “rightly guided” (rāshidūn) caliphs, as the first four successors of Muhammad are called.

In American the meaning of the name Fatima is: Captivating. Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad; one of four perfect women mentioned in the Koran. The other three were Aisha; Khadijah; and Mary. Muslim Meaning: The name Fatima is a Muslim baby name.

Medina is a modern city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and the capital of Al Madinah Province. An alternative name is Madinat Al-Nabi. The Arabic word madinah simply means "city".

the direction of the Kaaba (the sacred building at Mecca), to which Muslims turn at prayer.

a Muslim place of worship.

The Battle of Badr (Arabic: غزوة بدر‎), fought on Saturday, 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH in the Islamic calendar) in the Hejaz region of western Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia), was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca.

Abdullah ibn Abi Qhuhafah, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE, popularly known by his nickname Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Uthman ibn Affan was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the third of the Sunni Rashidun or "Rightly Guided Caliphs".

Umar, also spelled Omar, was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a Sahabah or companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr as the second Rashid of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634.

The Rashidun Caliphs, often simply called, collectively, "the Rashidun", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four caliphs of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate founded after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

a form of devotion, associated chiefly with Sufism, in which the worshiper is absorbed in the rhythmic repetition of the name of God or his attributes.

Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, known as Al-Ghazali or Algazel to the Western medieval world, was a Muslim theologian, jurist, philosopher, and mystic of Persian descent.

A conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia; "Osama bin Laden and his followers practice Wahhabism"

The five bases of the Islamic faith: shahada (confession of faith), salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), sawm (fasting, especially during the month of Ramadan), and hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca).

the daily ritual prayer enjoined upon all Muslims as one of the five Pillars of Islam

obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes.

fasting from dawn until dusk during Ramadan, one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset.