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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was George Grenville?
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-British finance minister
-allowed customs officers to obtain general writs of assistance -Started the Sugar Act |
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What was the Sugar Act?
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-lowered all taxes on molasses imported by colonists [hoped to encourage colonists from smuggling]
-increase Britain's revenues -Established special courts to hear smuggling cases |
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Why was Britain so into taxing the colonists?
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-French and Indian War left them in a huge public debt
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How did the Sugar Act affect the colonists?
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-Alarmed the colonists
-Never before had their taxes been used to raise money for British treasury -Took the rights away |
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Who was James Otis?
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-Young lawyer in Boston
-"Taxation without representation is tyranny." |
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What was the Stamp Act?
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-Placed tax on almost all printed materials
-All printed materials would have to have a stamp |
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Why did the colonists oppose the Stamp Act?
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-Parliament had interfered in colonial affairs by taxing the colonies directly
-Parliament ignored the colonial tradition of self=government |
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Who was Patrick Henry?
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-Member of Virginia House of Burgesses
-Persuaded burgesses to take action against Stamp Act |
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Who was Samuel Adams?
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-Started organization called Sons of Liberty
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How did the colonists protest against the Stamp Act?
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-Burned effigies
-Ransacked and destroyed houses belonging to royal officials -Urged merchants to boycott British and European goods -Merchants, artisans, and farmers signed nonimportation agreements |
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What affected the Parliament appealing the Stamp Act?
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-Merchants in Britain lost so much business so they begged the Parliament to repeal Stamp Act
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What was the Stamp Act Congress?
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-They drafted a petition to the king and PArliament that colonies could not be taxed except by their own assemblies
-Consisted delegates from nine colonies |
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What were the Townshend Acts?
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-Taxed imported goods [included basic items]
-Courts were set up to try cases under Townshend Acts |
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Who were the Daughters of Liberty?
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-Women who took an active role in the protest against Townshend Acts
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What was the Boston Massacre?
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-Fight that broke between redcoats and colonists
-Redcoats killed five colonists |
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Who was Crispus Attucks?
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-African American dockworker who some said was the leader of crowd
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What did the Boston Massacre lead to?
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-Many colonists called for stronger boycotts on British goods --> Parliament only taxed tea
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What was the Tea Act?
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-Gave British East India Company the right to ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the taxes usally placed on tea
-Gave the company a favorable advantage over colonial merchants |
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What was the Boston Tea Party?
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-When the ships with tea docked in Boston Harbor, a group of men in Boston boarded the ships and threw 342 chests of tea overboard
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What were the Coercive Acts?
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-A.k.a. Intolerable Acts
-Punished Boston -Closed Boston Harbor until Massachusetts colonists paid for ruined tea [prevented arrival of food and other supplies that came by ship] -Took away many rights of Masachussetts colonists -Forced Bostanians to shelter shodiers in their homes |
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What was the Continental Congress?
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-56 delegates from all colonies except Georgia
-Political body to represent American interests |
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Who attended the Continental Congress?
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-Samuel Adams
-John Adams -John Jay -Richard Henry Lee -Patrick Henry -George Washington |
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Why did Britain expect that the Townshend Acts would be more sucessful than the Stamp Act?
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-Townshend Acts were indirect taxes [British thought that colonists wouldnt notice the indirect tax]
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What was the Declaratory Act?
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-Stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for colonies in all cases "whatsoever"
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What did the Continental Congress decide?
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-Drafted a statement of greivances calling for repealment of the 13 acts of Parliament
-Boycott all British goods and trade -Form militias |
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Who was Ethan Allen?
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-Part of Green Mountain Boys
-Captured Fort Ticonderoga |
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What was the Battle of Bunker Hill?
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-1200 militiamen set up fortifications at Bunker Hill and near Breed's Hill
-British decide to drive Americans away -Tons of people died |
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What was the Olive Branch Petition?
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-Offered Britain one last time to avoid the war
-Assured the king of the colonists' desire for peace, asked the king to protect the colonists' rights |
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What was the Declaration of Independence?
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A document that declared the 13 colonies free and independent from Britain
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What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
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-To explain the purpose of was against Britain
-To explain why separation was the only fitting solution to long-standing disputes with Parliament and British Crown |
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What were the parts of the Declaration of Independence?
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-Four parts
-Preamble -Middle two sections declaring rights of colonies and complaints against Britain -Final section |
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What did the preamble of the Declaration of Independence state?
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People who wish to form a new country should explain their reasons for doing so
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What did the middle two sections of the Declaration of Independence state?
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-Rights of colonies
-Complaints against Britain |
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What did the final section of the Declaration of Independence state?
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-Proclaims the existence of new nation
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List some of the important ideas of the Declaration of Independence
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-When one group of people is going to break away from a country to form its own nation, they should explain why they're doing it
-Everyone is equal and has some basic rights that shouldn't be taken away -Governments are formed to make sure people's rights are protected. A government's power should come from people. -When a government is treating its people unfairly, then the people have the right to change the government. -Great Britain has interfered with colonists' rights. --> list of complaints -Everytime colonists felt like they were being mistreated, they wrote to the king asking for corrections, but recieved more unfair treatment. -States that America is an independent country with the full power to form alliances, engage in war and trade. |
