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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Triple Entente |
France G.B Russia (civil war) USA (Italy) |
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Triple Entente - problems |
Distance Language barriers France vs Britain |
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Triple Alliance |
Germany Austria-Hungary Italy (Triple Entente) |
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Triple Alliance - problems |
Language barriers Germany's isolated |
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The Big 3 |
Britain - David Lloyd George: >Needs money (America) >Wants revenge (France) France - George Clemence >The tiger >Wants revenge America - Woodrow Wilson >World peace (how?) |
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Germany's punishments - ToV |
Land --> mines Army Money --> £6.6 billion reparations |
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Germany's Revolution |
Overthrow Govt. Kaiser abdicated (tram > Holland) No one in charge > Anarchy No laws, No police |
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Violence |
Friekorps vs Communists Ex soldiers Sharing (Tov, angry) |
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Where did the Govt. run away to |
Weimar |
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Weimar problems |
>>Proportional Representation (A voting system) "Fairness" % of votes = % of seats (Too many parties, Coalitions, chaos) >>Article 48 President takes total control ONLY in emergencies What he says = law (Undemocratic) >>Govt hated by: Com, Frie, Army Leaders, Nationalists (Nazis) >>Fear of Govt. Made a deal with army --> Uprisings |
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Economic Problems |
Hyperinflation (v. v. fast rise in prices) Money became worthless <--> Print more money No taxes, Immigration (USA), Death (WW1) |
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The Ruhr |
Germany couldn't pay reparation Mainly owed France --> Took possessions Invaded Ruhr --> Coal mines Result = Germany struggled more |
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Gustav Stressman |
Chancellor New currency - Rentenmark -Stability returns -Loans from America -Voting for extreme parties (Nazi's) |
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Dawes plan |
Reduced Germany's debt |
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Young plan |
Reduce Germany's debt by 75% |
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1929 |
Wall Street Crash Stressman died |
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The beginning of the Nazi party |
German workers party Right wing >>Aims: -Aryans -Classless society -Business profit restriction 2 years = Hitler becomes leader (good speaker, ToV) |
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25 point programme |
Union of all Germans - Greater Germany All newspapers are German |
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Munich Putsch |
"Overthrow" >>Events: 1. Khar, Seissar, Lossow held at gunpoint 2. Promised support - released 3. S+L change minds 4. Gather troops to fight back 5. Hitler loses 6. Hitler arrested |
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Hitler's Trial |
Nationwide publicity Hitler against Weimar + ToV Weimar and ToV hated nationally Hyperinflation Support of Ludendorf (former commander in chief) 9 months reprieve (less harsh sentence) |
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Mein Kampf |
Strong dominate weak ToV Jews cause all ills Lebensraum - Living space (A greater Germany) |
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Bruning |
Center party V. unpopular Chancellor - No majority win Relied on Article 48 >WSC: Germany in ruins Can't get a loan Suspension of 6.6 billion |
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Nazi members |
>>Rohm: Leader of SA Himmler's enemy >>Goeballs: Head of propaganda >>Himmler: |
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Bamberg Conference |
Hitler's way to regain control in Nazi party >>Removed potential rivals (Rohm resigned) (Goeballs) >>Created SS (Himmler) - Bodyguards >>Hitler youth Targeting kids / teens = Membership increased, seats decreased |
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Wall Street Crash |
Economic crisis Voters turn to extreme parties (Nazi's) America recalls loans Countries stop buying German products Factories shut down = Rise in unemployment (6 million) People unable to pay rent Rise in suicides |
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Hitler's Role |
>Clear consistent messages - Blame Jews, Communists, November criminals (Weimar) >Make Germany great again >Uses his background - War hero, Ordinary man >Offered something to everyone: Working class = "Work and bread" Industrialists + Businessmen = Keep communists out |
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Rise to power + Von Papen |
>Nazi's have momentum - v. strong propaganda + leader >Constant change in Govt. - Bruning + Von Papen >No overall winner in election >Hitler demands to be chancellor Von Papen is deputy (Control Hitler, control Nazi ideas) >Support from Industrialists, Army, Nazi supporters >>Jan 1933 = Hitler becomes chancellor |
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Reichstag fire |
>Parliament burned down >Blamed on Van Der Lubbe : A communist Mental age of a 7 year old >People feared communists >Communists blamed for everything (arrested for nothing) |
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The Enabling Act |
>>How was it passed? Communist MP's not allowed to vote SA intimidated members entering the chamber Absentees counted as voting "for" Promises to catholic center party (No interference to Catholic schools) >>What did it do? All other political parties banned Suspension of Civil Liberties (Eg: Can be arrested for no reason) Censorship created (No freedom of speech) Control of Press |
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Night of the Long Knives |
>Operation Hummingbird >Blood purge >Final removal of opposition to Hitler (400 killed) >Getting rid of old Nazi party: SA, Rohm - working class (Enabling act), >Favoured the SS >>Everyone fears Hitler |
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Nazi's and Young People |
>>Hitler youth: "Not" compulsory - Pressured to join 80% joined Focused on fitness, craft work and speeches from Nazi members (Propaganda) >>Education: History = rewritten (Germany won WW1) Girls = Cooking, homemaking + childcare Biology = Aryans superior |
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Nazi's and Women |
>>Nazi ideas: Motherhood Old fashioned No real employment >Loans to encourage marriages - encourage population explosion (To make more soldiers) >Medals for children - Bronze for 4, Silver for 6, Gold for 8 >>3 K's (Kids, Church, Cooking) |
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Nazi's and Workers |
>>Nazi's reduced unemployment: Army - Breaks Tov, From 100,000 to 1.4 mil Re-arm Germany - Planes, Guns, Tanks RAD - Young men, Plant trees, Simple pay >Tricks: Women and Jews excluded from unemployment list |
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Strength through Joy |
>Workers and their families - Bonding Leisure activities - Sports, Films, Trips >But w/ Nazi message - ToV, Jews >Enabling act kicked in - No trade union, replaced by D.A.F - "Represents German Workers" |
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Nazi's and Undesirables |
>Wouldn't work - Tramps, Beggars (500,000) - Sent to CC's >Couldn't work - Physically or mentally disabled (300,000) >Didn't fit "normal" families - Gays - experimented on (15,000) >Wouldn't be loyal to H - Communists, Religious groups >Not Aryan - Blacks, Gypsies (500,000) Jews |
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Nazi Opposition |
1.Communists: Restore democracy Freedom of speech Workers rights >>How? Secret meetings (400) Strikes Anti Nazi graffiti >>What happened? CC's Beaten into silence Killed Arrested Forced "underground" 2.Churches: 90% of Germany Influential Some actively support, Some against >Made deals - Enabling act >>Reich church - Hitler run churches (pastors loyal) Broke enabling act (Church schools closed, Christian youth groups closed) 3. Army officers: Powerful Aims: replace H (Similar to Rohm) Assassination 4. Young people: The Edleweiss Pirates - rebellions Working class Few 100 in every big city >>Aims: To have fun Drink Have sex Beat up Nazi's >>What happened: Infuriated H Rejected Nazi ideas |
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WW2 |
>>Blitzkrieg: "Lightning war" - a quick war >>Autarky: "Self sufficiency" - Independent (Eg: rations) >>Initial impact: Community encouraged to help war efforts Hitler youth - Collect metal for recycling Children evacuated |
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Changing the role of Women |
Originally work from home (3K's) More and more work in industry Men go to fight - labour shortages More women need to work - Nazi's reluctant |
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Total War |
Involves everyone Men - soldiers Women - Industry Civilians - Bomb threat Children - Evacuation >>Volkssturm - The peoples home guard: Defend G's cities Provide own supplies (weapons) Lacked experience Poorly trained Low morale Some members of Hitler youth |
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Germany at the end of WW2 |
>Early = v. Good >Failure in Russia = the start of total defeat for Germany GB,France,USA --> G <-- Russia >D-day = huge loss of life for both sides >Germany retreats from France >France is liberated |
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The fall of Germany |
>Starts w/ fall of Berlin >End of Nazi rule >Hitler commits suicide >Germans surrendered >Nazi's glee, or captured (many leaders) |
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Nuremberg trial |
>Nazi leaders on trial >Lead by different judges (GB,USSR,USA,FRA) >Most found guilty - executed/imprisoned |
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Germany after WW2 |
>Problems of WW1: winners didn't take over, ToV failed >This time different: Allies take over 2 peace conferences >Yolta >Potsdam |
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Yolta |
>In Russia >Before end of war (Feb 45) >USA, GB, Russia >Divide G (and Berlin) into four zones >Hunt down Nazi's >Free elections |
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Potsdam |
>In Germany >After war (July 45) >USA, GB, Russia >Same as Yolta >But banned the Nazi's (Free elections??) >Out leaders on trial >Denazification |
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Germany (and Berlin) in 4 zones |
>Separated into East and West >Have to have papers to pass borders >Cross USSR to reach your part in Berlin |