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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Although tobacco is a new world plant long use by Amerindians, who began growing the crop on large plantations?
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English
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What were charted companies?
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Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly
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List 4 descriptors of the Dutch West India Company
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● seized Brazilian sugar products
● ship slaves to Brazil ● paid stockholders huge dividends ● private trading company |
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What did the expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies require
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The required a sharp increase in the volume of the slave trade from Africa
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Which area best illustrates the dramatic transformation that sugar brought to the 17th century Caribbean?
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Barbados
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In the 17th century Caribbean, indentured servants cost _____ as slaves
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half as much
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The cultivation and production of sugar can best be described as requiring ____ as well as ______ production methods
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simple tools, more expensive
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How did France and England expand the Caribbean holdings ?
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by attacking older Spanish colonies
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Why were the French plantation economies considered "more diverse" ?
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various crops = coffee, cocoa
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through what did sugar plantations cause environmental damage ?
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soil exhaustion and deforestation
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Where would slave children most likely be found working?
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under the "Grass-Gang" doing simple work
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On most islands, the % of slaves in the population was ____%
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90%
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In the 18th century, West Indian plantations were controlled by plantocracy, which was what?
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rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land
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Why did men outnumber women on the Caribbean plantations?
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Because slave trade imported twice as many males then females
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Who were typically "drivers"?
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A a privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation
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Why were plantation slaves motivated to work hard
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Either : rewarded , or Fear of the lash
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What did manumission permit slaves to do
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The legal grant of freedom to an individual slave by owner by purchase or receiving
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What was the life expectancy for 19th century Brazilian male slaves?
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23 years
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Most slaves died of _____.
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disease
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List 3 methods used to curtail African cultural traditions by European planters
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●required slaves to learn colonial language
●converting to Christianity ● mixed slaves in from other parts of Africa |
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Among the planter elite in Saint Domingue, where would free blacks rank in the social hierarchy?
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Third
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Which maroon community first signed treaties recognizing their independent status as runaway slaves?
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Jamaican
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To reduce the risks of overseas trading, what did companies purchase?
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royal monopolies
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What is mercantilism?
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European governments policies designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and to accumulate precious metals
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What were the English Navigation Acts in the 1660's meant to do?
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Confined trade with its colonies to English ships and cargos
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While the British system of mercantilism was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system use laws known as what?
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Exclusif
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The "clockwise" network of trade in the Atlantic was the _____ circuit
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Atlantic
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The second leg of the Atlantic circuit, transporting slaves across the Atlantic plantation colonies was known as________
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Middle passage
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During the first 150 after the European discovery of the Americas, how many Africans were transported in the Atlantic slave trade?
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800,000
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During the "sugar boom" from 1650 to 1800, _____ slaves were transported
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7.5 million
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What was the principal cause of mortality aboard Atlantic slave ships?
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Disease
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What 2 items did Africans who provided slaves to Europeans most often prefer to receive in return?
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gold trinkets & guns
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Which African state was most dependent on the slave trade?
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Homie
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Most slaves taken from Africa were ______
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Men because they were most likely to rebel
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In the 18th century, what was the major source of slaves in the interior of the Bight of Biafra?
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kidnapping
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The greatest source for slaves for the Atlantic slave trade was from which country
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Angola
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Generally, the Atlantic African slave trade was based on a partnership between who?
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Portugal & Brazil
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Most slaves in the Islamic world were ______ & ______.
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soldiers & servants
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Islamic law prohibited the enslavement of__________
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Muslims
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Who made up the majority of African slaves in the Islamic world and for what two purposes?
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Women for concubines or servants
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Both Muslims and Europeans obtain slaves from sub-saharan Africa. Which slave trade with smaller?
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Islamic slave trade was smaller
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List 4 elements of population loss in Africa as a result of the slave trade
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● even at peak of trade population Africa Burmese large
● population loss was reduced by the fact that more men than women were traded ● areas near slave Coast lost a disproportionate amount of people ● new foods from the Americas help offset population losses due to slave trade |
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Who gained the most wealth from the Atlantic slave trade, Europeans are Africans?
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Europeans
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