Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Treaty of Brest- Litovsk
3rd March 1918 |
Peace treaty between Germany (plus the other central powers) and communist Russia, brought the end of Russian involvement in WWI.
Russia lost 1/4 of its empire's population, 1/4 of its industry and 9/10 of its coal mines. |
|
|
Upper Silesia crisis
March 1921 |
SUCCESS
Upper Silesia was split between Germany and Poland after rioting over the result of a referendum- where 700,000 voted to be part of Germany and 500,000 voted Poland. |
|
|
Aaland Islands dispute
1921 |
SUCCESS
Belonged to Finland but most wanted to be Governed by Sweden. Neither country could decide who owned the islands. League decision: remained with Finland but no weapons were ever to be kept there. |
|
|
Turkey
1923 |
SUCCESS
1,400,000 refugees had been created by the war Typhoid and cholera were rampant. The League sent doctors from the Health Organisation, it spent £10 million on building farms, homes etc for the refugees and by 1926, work was found for 600,000. |
|
|
Greece/Bulgaria
1923 |
SUCCESS
Greek army invades Bulgaria after shooting at the border. Bulgaria asked League for help, armies were ordered to pull out and Greece was fined £45,000. Both accepted. |
|
|
Italy
1919 |
FAILURE
Italian nationalists captured port of Fiume which had been given to Yugoslavia in the T.O.V. League did nothing. |
|
|
Vilna
1920 |
FAILURE
Poles seized Vilna. Lithuania asked for League help but the Poles could not be persuaded to leave the city. Vilna stayed in Polish hands until the outbreak of World War Two. Violence by Poles had won. |
|
|
Ruhr crisis
1923 |
FAILURE
France and Belgium invaded Germany's most important industrial zone when they could not pay the reparations. League allowed it to happen despite it being against its rules. |
|
|
Manchurian crisis
1931 |
FAILURE
Japanese army invaded Manchuria after staging an incident for which China was blamed. It took the League nearly a year to send a commission. Japan left the League. The League couldn't send an army, and it needed America's support to impose sanctions successfully. In the end, it did nothing. |
|
|
Abyssinian Crisis
1936 |
FAILURE
In 1935, Italy invaded Abyssinia. League was asked to help but all it did was ban arms sales, which did Abyssinia more harm than Italy. A League commission offered Italy part of Abyssinia, but Italy invaded anyway. Britain and France tried to make a secret pact to give Abyssinia to Italy. |
|
|
Locarno Treaty
1925 |
Germany accepted new borders and that the Rhineland would remain demilitarized.
France and Germany agreed to settle disputed through the League. |
|
|
Nazi Soviet Pact
23rd August 1939 |
Through the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Stalin and Hitler agreed not to go to war with each other and to split Poland between them.
|
|
|
Hitler's Foreign Policies
|
1. UNITE all German speaking people in one country.
2.ABOLISH the Treaty of Versailles. 3. LEBENSRAUM- gain living space for extra population. 4. DESTROY communism 5. BUILD empire and armed forces to make Germany great |
|
|
How did the Great Depression affect the League's work?
|
1. Britain and France no longer wanted to solve international disputes- COST money and DAMAGE trade.
2. Less international cooperation- USA policy of isolationism, take care of themselves. 3. Rise of militaristic leaders (Hitler and Mussolini) |
|
|
a) When did Germany JOIN the League?
b) When did Russia JOIN the League? |
a) 1926
b) September 1934 |
|
|
a) When did Japan LEAVE the League?
b) When did Germany Leave the League? |
a) February 1932
b) October 1933 |
|
|
Munich crisis
(APPEASEMENT BEGINS) 1938 |
APRIL 1938- Nazis demand self government in Czechoslovakia. France and Britain refuse to help Benes.
12th SEPT 1938- Nazis threaten to give military assistance to Sudaten Germans, who arm themselves. 15th SEPT 1938- Chamberlain meets Hitler at Berchtesgaden. Promises him parts where 50% are German. Czechs not consulted, France persuaded to agree. (APPEASEMENT BEGINS). 18th SEPT 1938- Daladier accepts, Benes has no choice but to accept. 22nd SEPT 1938- Chamberlain meets Hitler at Bad Godesberg. Hitler demands whole of Sudatenland, Chamberlain refuses, prepares for war but needs more time. 29 SEPT 1938- Meeting in Munich between Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain and Daladier without Benes. Hitler given the Sudatenland and agrees not to war with Britain. German troops march in. |
|
|
Aims of the big 3
LLOYD GEORGE compromise peace |
- end German threat to British navy and empire.
- remove Germany's colonies (make her non aggressive) - help France defend but prevent her becoming too powerful - not too weakened to prevent trade or turn to communism - prevent humiliation of Germany so no revenge will be sought |
|
|
Aims of the big 3
CLEMENCEAU harsh peace |
- revenge for French suffering and for the Franco- Prussian war in 1871
- reparations to pay for damage - weaken industry, take land and reduce armed forces - ensure that Germany would never be able to attack France again |
|
|
Aims of the big 3
WILSON just peace |
- self determination for colonies
- punish for aggression but avoid heavy damages - prevent future aggression - peace treaties based on his 14 points - international cooperation |
|
|
Wilson's 14 points
-main 5 |
1. no more secret treaties
2. international disarmament 3. non violent settling of disputes 4. free trade/ navigation of seas 5. self determination |
|
|
Treaty Impact on Germany:
ECONOMIC |
- 75% iron ore resources lost
- 15% farmland lost - 26% coal lost as reparations - no war production - hyperinflation - DAWES PLAN with America was necessary |
|
|
Treaty Impact on Germany:
POLITICAL |
- various attempts to overthrow the government (Spartacists, Freikorps and Hitler)
- new parties like the Nazis gained support by criticising the Treaty |
|
|
Washington Treaty
1921 |
Limited Navy sizes and prevented arms races beginning between USA, Britain, France and Japan.
*pointless as none of the countries involved were aggressive at the time. |
|
|
Kellogg- Briand Pact
1928 |
Agreement not to use force to solve disputes, armies kept for self defence. 65 countries involved.
|
|
|
Young Plan
1929 |
Spread reparations over a 59 year period to lessen the burden on Germany. Sum lessened.
|
|
|
Aims of the League of Nations
|
D isarmament
I mproved living and working conditons E nforce Treaty of Versailles S top war (collective security) |
|
|
Humanitarian Success of the League
|
- 400,000 prisoners of war returned to homeland
-Iraq found its feet after becoming a mandate -refugees rehomed e.g. Turkey |
|
|
League STRENGTHS
|
- all countries fairly represented (1 vote each)
- council meet 5x a year and react quicker (less countries are part) - could put pressure on smaller countries to cooperate - court resolved disputes peacefully - agencies/ commissions raised awareness of global issues |
|
|
League Weaknesses
|
- very slow decision making (Assembly met once a year and too large)
- veto dominated by permanent council members - sanctions never worked (USA never joined so would continue to trade) - no army, weak to aggressive nations - looked like a winners club - court had no way of ensuring countries followed the rulings and as they had to agree in advance not many cases taken there |
