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193 Cards in this Set

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The British commander who sent his troops to capture Patriot supplies in Concord in April 1775 was General
Thomas Gage
The purpose of the British army's march on Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 was to
seize war supplies stored there
In May 1775 shortly after it convened, the Second Continental Congress
formed the continental army under the leadership of George Washington.
According to your text, the first major battle of the Revolutionary War was the Battle of
Bunker Hill
After the battle of bunker hill, congress and the bulk of the american people were
still reluctant to declare independence
In January 1776, the colonists toward independence by ___ mercenaries.
hessian
The author of the tract, common sense, which boldly called for complete independence and attacked not only king george but monoarchy itself was
thomas paine
"in short, monarchy and succession have laid(not this or that kingdom only) but the world in blood and ashes. tis a form of government whcih the word of god.... this is from
thomas paine
Thomas Jeffersons general statement of the right of revolution in the Declaration of independence
was intended by jefferson to be an expression of the american mind
an american advantage in the war for independence was
british reluctance to engage in full-scale war against the colonies
a major british advantage in 1776 was their
control of both boston and new your city
the best estimate of the proportion of patriots and tories during the war of independence is that
patriots were more numerous than tories but large numbers of americans were indefferent
As a group, the tories in america
came from every social and economic class and geographic area
Battles in and around ___ in august and september of 1776 were ignominous defeats for washington...
new york city
The battles of Trenton and Princeton in december 1776 were important because
the american army's morale was boosted after a series of defeats
The major defeat of 1777 at ___ was caused mostly by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign.
saratoga
"Neither of the two parties shall conclude either truce and peace with great britain, without the formal consent.... the source of the above was the 1778
treaty of alliance between france and the united states
the united states most valuable ally in the revolution was
france
during the winter of 1778 washingtons army endured severe shortages of food and clothing while camped at
valley forge
In the 1778, fighting in the northern states parctically ceased, thereafter, most of the engagements were in the
south
a major british advantage in 1776 was their
control of both boston and new your city
the best estimate of the proportion of patriots and tories during the war of independence is that
patriots were more numerous than tories but large numbers of americans were indefferent
As a group, the tories in america
came from every social and economic class and geographic area
Battles in and around ___ in august and september of 1776 were ignominous defeats for washington...
new york city
The battles of Trenton and Princeton in december 1776 were important because
the american army's morale was boosted after a series of defeats
The major defeat of 1777 at ___ was caused mostly by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign.
saratoga
"Neither of the two parties shall conclude either truce and peace with great britain, without the formal consent.... the source of the above was the 1778
treaty of alliance between france and the united states
the united states most valuable ally in the revolution was
france
during the winter of 1778 washingtons army endured severe shortages of food and clothing while camped at
valley forge
In the 1778, fighting in the northern states parctically ceased, thereafter, most of the engagements were in the
south
the most overwhelming american defeat in the war was general clintons may 1780 capture of
charleston
how did historians react to depiction of the revolution in the patriot
they were critical of many aspects, especially the burning of the church
the british defeat at yorktown resulted largely from
french fleet winning control of the chesapeake bay and preventing cornwallis from escaping
the american negotiators at paris peace conference violated their instructions from congress by
refusing to rely ont he comte de vergennes
the united states recieved very favorable terms in the peace of paris because the
american commisioners skillfully played rival european powers against each other
the union of amerian states under the articles of confederation was a
league of friendship, in which the states were soverign and the national government had only weak delegated powers
the american government raised 200 million and much of the cost of the revolutionary war by
printing paper money
the wartime superintendant of finance who restored order and credit to the gov. treasury was
robert morris
the most significant changes in the new state governments was the
removal of outside control, making them more responsive to public opinion
during the revolutionary war, the new constitution, of ___ replaces the office of governor with an elected council of twelve
pennsylvania
In the new governments created during the revolution, power was concetrated in the
legislatures
What happened to the social reform when many states wrote consitution during the revolution?
Many states seized the occasion to introduce important political and social reforms.
As part of the social remforms accompanying the revolution, all states which still had them abolished
primogeniture and entail
the movement to seperate church and state during the writing of the new state constitutions was most successful in
virginia
We, the general assembly.... the author of this statement was
thomas jefferson, virginia
the immediate effect of the american revolution upon slavery was that
northern states moved toward emancipation of their slaves, and most southern states restricted the importation of slaves
The text notes that during and after the revolution, slavery
died where it was not economically important
How did the revolution affect attitudes toward the education of women?
the idea of female education began to be accepted as important in a republic.
analyzing the relationship between the american revolution and nationalism, yhoru text concludes that a feeling of american nationalism.
emerged out of necessity to unite in order to win the war
a major source of the new feeling of nationalism after the revolutionary war was the
common sacrifice by soldiers and civilians during the war
According to the map, the unites states.....
north carolina
The law which divided the western territories into 6 miles square townships was the
Land Ordinance of 1785
The measure which established governments for the western territories was the
northwest ordinance ordinance of 1787
In comparing the northwest ordinance of 1787 with the system by...
adopted for the intermediate stage of territorial development which would give way to statehood...
george washington's greatest strength as a national hero was his
personal sacrifices and his obvious disinclination toward becoming a dictator
"besides this, a national language is a band of national...." this was an idea of
jedidiah morse
the oustanding painter of the great events of the revolution, best known for works such as the battle of bunker's hill.... was
john trumbull
in the opinion of your textbook, most american citizens in the 1780's gave their first loyalty to
their own states
One example of the inadoquacies of the articles of confedertation was the inability of the united states to
force england to abandon military posts it built beyond the boundaries of the original thirteen colonies
the nation which caused a major problem for the new government of the articles of the confederation when it closed the lower mississippi was
spain
after the revolution, the american balance of exports and imports became
very unfavorable as british merchants poured low-priced goods into america
under the articles of confederation there was a failed attempt to raise revenue and pressure british by a
tariff
in 1786 massachusetts debtor farmers rebelled against the state gov. and were defeated in battle, this was____ rebellion
shays's
which of the following statements about shays's rebellion is true
many leaders such as washington concluded that the central government must be strengthened
it was difficult to amend the articles of confederation because amendments had to be approved by
unanimous consent of the states
when the annapolis meeting of 1786, which was called to discuss commercial problems, seemed about to fail, _____ proposed a convention in phili to deal with constitutional reform
Alexander Hamilton
the model for many of the deligates to the constitutional convention was the
roman republic
the great compromise settled the issue of representation in congress by allowing
each state two senators and a number or rep. that depended on popoulation
the principle of the three-fifths compromise was that
three-fifths of the slaves would be counted in determining each state's representation
according to your text, the final form of the constitution was decided by
a conspiracy of the well-to-do members of the convention
according to debating the past
where focused on protecting their own property and business interests
the most drastic departure from past experience under the new constitution was the creation of a
powerful presidency
the presidents veto power and the impeachment power of congress are both examples of
checks and balances
the procedure specified for ratifying the constitution
depended upon approval of the constitution by special conventions in various states
have they said, we the states?....
against ratification of the constitution
as a result of the war of 1812, the federalists
were destroyed
the measure in which great britain and the unites states agreed to set a limit on the number of armed vessels on the great lakes was the
rush-bagot agreement
the american general who pursued the seminole native americans into florida and seized two spanish forts was
andrew jackson
the transcontinental treaty of 1819
transferred florida to the united states for $5million and settled the southern boundary of the louisiana territory to the pacific
the monroe doctrine
hoped to isolate the united states from involvement in european affairs
The Monroe Doctirnes warning against european interference in america came because ___ colonies rebelled to gain their independence.
spains
"the american continents, by the free and independent condition..... the source of the above was
the monroe doctrine
according to your text, what "may be seen as the final stage in the evolution of american independence?"
monroe doctrine
The era of good feelings was noted for the
absence of organized political parties opposing each other
by 1820 the american population and geographic area both
doubled
the original bank of the united states that hamilton proposed
did not have its charter renewed when it expired in 1811
the depression of 1819 was worsened by the policies of
new england merchants
western opinion on public land policy in the early 19th century generally favored
reducing the price and the minimum size offered for sale
the group which consistently favored low prices and easy credit for western lands was
westerner settlers
according to your text, how was slavery a sectional issue before 1820?
the cotton boom dampened southern support of slavery
the best-known political leader of the north in the early 1820's who served brilliantly as monroe's secretary of state, was
james madison
the gregarious new york politician who never took a political position if he could avoid doing so and who led a political machine known as the abany regency was
martin van buren
in the 1820's the most prominent southern leader, the highly successful secretary of the treasury under monroe, was
william harris crawford
the president chosen in 1824 by the house of representatives when no candidate received a majority vote in the electoral college
John Quincy adams
as president, john quincy adams
was an inept politician
the tariff of 1828 was so high that in the south it was called the
tariff of abominations
southerners called the tariff of 1828 the tariff of abomination because it
threatened to impoverish the south with its excessively high rates
Calhoun's theory of nullification in the south carolina exposition and protest
maintained that states could nullify a national law if hey found it was unconstitutional
as a general, george washington
lacked genius but was a remarkable organizer and administrator
during the ratification of the constitution, the bitter disputes in ___ lead to the writings of the federalist papers
new york
much anti-federalist opposition to the constitution, especially in new york, disappeared when
the federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people
as a president, george washington
was careful not to exceed the powers given him by the constitution
george washingtons cabinet was chosen
without regard to political affiliation or personal agreement with him.
the bill of rights guaranteed that congress would not interfere with the rights to
freedom of speech, press, and religion
the purpose of the ___ amendment to the constitution was to mollify those who feared the states would be destroyed by the new government
tenth
according to "mapping of the past" the map ratification....
more prosperous coastal regions
alexander hamilton believed that the united states needed a
strong national government
alexander hamiltons report of the public credit presented a plan to deliberately intended to
give a special advantage to the rich and thus win their support
to secure approval for federal assumption of state debts, alexander hamilton promised to
locate the nations permanen capitol on the potomac river
___ advocated a "loose" interpretation of the necessary and proper clause to support the creation of a national bank
alexander hamilton
the author of the report on manufactures, which was a bold call for national economic planning was
alexander hamilton
"Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between austria...." the above statement was
washingtons proclamation of neutrality
the conduce of citizen genet was unacceptable tot he american government because he was
licensing american vessels as privateers against british shipping
after washingtons proclamation of neutrality in 1793, france
attacked american shipping as did england despite american neutrality
for the birth of political parties in america, which of the following si the correct connection
republicans: thomas jefferson
the french revolution and the ensuing war between france and great britain tended to
widen the split between american political parties...
when confronted by the whiskey rebellion of 1794 washington
suppressed it peacefully with a tremendous show of force
in the early 1790s general anthony waynes decisive defeat of the native americans in ohio battle of ___ opened that territory to settlement.
fallen timbers
under jays treaty, ___ agreed to abandon its military posts in the american northwest
great britain
in his farewell address, george washington indicated his
belief that political parties were harmful and divisive
"the great rule of conduct for us in regard to foriegn nations is in extending our commercial relations to have with them..." the source of the quote was
george washington, farewell address
in the election of 1796, when john adams was chosen president, ___ was elected as his vice president
thomas jefferson
the french demand in 1797-1798 for a bribe as a precondition to negotiations with america was called the
xyz affair
the xyz affair resulted in
the creation of a navy department and military appropriations to pursue the federalist demands for war with france
the repressive measures which the federalists passed primarily to smash their republican opponents were the
neutrality acts
james madison responded to the alien and sedition acts by
condemning them because they assumed that elected officials were the masters rather than the servants
According to the kentucky and virginia resolves, a law of congress could be declared unconstitutional by
an individual state
when the french indicated a willignness to reopen the negotiations that had been disrupted by the xyz affair, president adams responded by
pursuing a policy of internalizational peace, despite federalist demands for war
the winner of the presidential election of 1800 was chosen by the
house of representatives
In the election of 1800
jefferson was finally chosen persident by the house of represnetatives
a direct consequence of the election of 1800 was the constitutional amendment stipulating
seperate elctoral college ballots for president and vice president
a major federalist accomplishment was
establishing a sound fiscal system
according to your text, the most significant aspect of the election of 1800 was that
it was not revolution
the politician who sought to preserve america as a nation of minimal government and small, independent farmers was
thomas jefferson
one of the few points jefferson agreed with hamilton was the
ease of which propertyless city dwellers could be corrupted by demagogues
thomas jefferson was an early defender of
the french revolution
in the debate about jefferson fearing having a kid with his slave....
dna evidence supports he had at least one of her kids
in his first inaugural address, jefferson stressed his desire to
minimize the difference between federalists and republicans
"but every difference in opinion is not a differnence in principle...." the above author was
thomas jefferson
the president known for his pell-mell style of plain dress and informal entertaining was
thomas jefferson
your text describes jefferson as a ___ president
non-partisan
as president thomas jefferson
followed washingtons example of a non partisan, balanced cabinet
the purpose fo the ___ was to maintain federalist control of the judicial branch against jeffersonianism
judiciary act of 1801
the federalist chief justice who established the power of the supreme court to invalidate federal laws in marbury vs madison was
john marshall
in mar. vs mad., chief justice john marshall cleverly established the power of the supreme court to
invalidate federal laws held to be in conflict with the constitution
"the authority, therefore, given to the supreme..." is from
john marshal mar. vs. mad.
republican attempts to impeach federalist judges resulted in the
failure to remove their main target, supreme court justice samuel chase.
during his first term, jefferson fought a small naval war, attempting to resist the blackmail of the
barbary pirates
the greatest naval hero of jeffersons undeclared war with the barbary pirates of tripoli was
edward preble
for jefferson, one of the most important reasons for the louisiana purchase was that it
secured access to the mouth of the mississippi
prior to the louisiana purchase, napolean launched an expidition against which former french colony, led by which black revolutionary
saint dominique, toussaint louverture
in the negotiations for what became the louisiana purchase, jefferson originally commissioned robert livingston and james monroe to purchase
new orleans and florida
the leader who abandoned his plans for an empire in the new world and sold louisiana to the united states was
napoleon
"and whereas in pursuance of the treaty...." this quotation refers to
the Louisiana purchase
in the end, jeffeson justified the purchase of the louisiana by
bowing to the good sense of the country
the die hard federalists who organized a scheme to break away from the union and create a northern confederacy in 1804 were the
essex junto
the duel between alexander hamilton and aaron burr resulted from
hamiltons campaigning against bur when he ran for governor of new york
one of the puroses of the lewis and clark expedition was to
establish official relations with native american tribes
the western expiditoin that expored the northwestern area of the louisiana purchase from 1804-1806 was led by
lewis and clark
according to the section, mapping the past, a water route to the pacific, one purpose of the lewis and clark expidition was to learn if the ___ river
columbia
in addition to the lewis and clark expedition jefferson dispatched ___ to explore the upper mississippi valley
zubulon pike
according to your text,the republican who caused jefferson the most trouble by conspiring with general james wilkerson and flirting with treason was
aaron burr
the burr conspiracy was an unsuccessful attempt to
seperate a part of the west from the united states
in aaron burrs trial for treason
neither the president nor the cheif justice acted impartially
the effect of the berlin and milan decree's by france and the orders in council by great britain was to
encourage trade with france and discourage with great britain
between 1803 and 1806, the main effect upon america of the war between france and england was to
stimulate the economy dramatically in re-exporting foreign products
the birtish practice of forcibly removing british deserters from american ships was called
impressment
"no seaman, seafaring, or other person shall...." this was an american attempt to deal with the problem of
impressment
the problem of impressment was compounded by
americas loose immigration laws
according to your text, how well did jefferson handle the foreign policy crisis presented by the impressment controversy?
he was neither well informed nor hard headed
the episode that immediately prompted the embargo act was the
attack on the chesapeake by the leopoard
Under___, exports were totally prohibited and only foreign vessels were allowed to import goods to america
the embargo act
the embargo act of 1807
was resented and resisted by large numbers of americans
how does your text evaluate the embargo act of 1807?
was certainly a mistake
congress repealed (the) ___ in 1809 because ti harmed american commerce rather than that of the british and french
embargo act
"be it enacted... that from... the passing of this act" was from...
the non-intercourse act
according to the text, thomas jefferson "prepared the country for democracy" by
proving that a democrat could establish and maintain a stable regime
according to your text how successful was jefferson as president by 1805
he seemed to have led his fellow amercians into a golden
although macon's bill no.2 temp. removed all restrictions on trade
non intercourse act would be reapplied to both england and france if they continued to interfere with american shipping
president madison reapplied the non-intercourse policy to great britain because
he mistakenly believed that france was no longer seizing american ships
one of the major reasons for amercian entry in the war of 1812 was the
american belief that the british were inspiring native american resistance to american expansion
the shawnee chief who tried to bind all of the tribes east of the mississippi...
tecumseh
tecumseh's brother, teskwatawa,
declared native americans should reject white ways, cloths, and liquor
"it was fully believed among the indians that we should defeat general harrison..." this is a native american descrioption of the battle of
fallen timbers
among the causes of the war of 1812 was the
british repeal of the order of council
the war hawks called for war against great britain because they
wanted to defend the national honor and save the republic from british domination
the great opposition to the war of 1812 came from the
war hawks
the map, the war of 1812 depicts the british tactic in america of a
naval blockade of the american coast
in the war of 1812 captain isaac hul commanded the frigate ___ to a brilliant victory over the hms guerriere
constitution
in the war of 1812 the most effective american action against british shipping was by
privateering merchantmen
the british changes their strategy against the united states in 1814 because
the war in europe which had diverted their attention earlier was now over
the major us city sacked and burned by the british was
washington
the treaty of ghen (1814) ending the war of 1812
simply reestablished the status quo ante bellum.