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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If there was one binding experience of the American people before the Revolution, it was….
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George Whitefield's ministry
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What was the driving force of colonial population growth during the first half of the 18th century?
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An unquenchable thirst for labor
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The largest number of immigrants to the American colonies in the 18th century were….
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Scots-Irish
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Most Scots-Irish settled….
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between English settlers on the seaboard and Native American communities.
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German immigrants tended to settle
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in the backcountry from Pennsylvania to the Carolinas.
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Colonies that welcomes the widest variety of immigrants
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were the most prosperous.
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The rate of population growth of Africans in colonial society was...
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even more dramatic that that of Europeans.
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Between 1619, possibly when the first African slaves reached Virginia, and the elimination of the international slave trade in the United States in 1808, approximately how many Africans arrived?
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slightly over 500,000.
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What was the status of most slaves when Europeans traded for them in Africa?
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captives of war
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Time that Africans spent aboard ship en route to enslavement in America was called….
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middle passage
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Most of the increase in the slave population in American came from….
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natural increase
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A principal reason for the general increase in colonial population was the….
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lower age of marriage for women and more women marrying.
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Child mortality among slaves was….
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between 25 and 50 percent
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The average family in colonial America had
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seven or eight children
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The term "industrious revolution" refers to
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people producing more so they would have more income to spend.
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The economy of colonial America was shaped by shortages of land and….
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capital (shortages of labor)
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In colonial America, work was organized by….
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labor unions
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Most colonial men whose wives died
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remarried quickly to have someone to care for the household and children.
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Southern colonies
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accounted for 60 percent of colonial exports.
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The chief cash crop among southern colonies was
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tobacco
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How did planters keep their slaves busy all year?
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diversifying crops
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Families who rented land from other on which they worked for wages were called what in colonial America?
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sharecroppers
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Most colonial agricultural exports left America for….
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the West Indies
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By the end of the colonial period, what portion of the English merchant fleet had been built in America?
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….
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An increase in the shipbuilding industry in colonial America also stimulated what other industry?
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lumber production
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Increase prosperity in the colonies enabled...
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mass consumption of luxury items such as sugar and tea.
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In the 17th century, extra income usually was spent on...
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luxury items
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In the 18th century, people on both sides of the Atlantic developed an interest in a lifestyle known as….
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gentility
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All major cities in colonial America were….
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prosperous
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In colonial homes, matched sets of tableware and chairs primarily underscored...
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equality of all guests
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Historians generally credit the consumer revolution i colonial America as being a….
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a democratic force
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SOcial activity in colonial cities was….
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greatly stratified yet brought people of all classes together.
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Gathering in colonial taverns, theaters, and religious revivals provided a...
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forum for exchanging ideas and a seedbed for revolution.
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Working people in colonial cities….
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….
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"Land pressure" refers to...
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efforts to convince government officials to convey more generous grants of land.
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Usually colonial parents
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divided their land with sounds and gave daughters moveable property
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Chesapeake planters modeled themselves after
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English country gentlemen
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Planters in South Carolina
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preferred to live in elegant houses in Charleston than on their plantations
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Slaves in coastal areas of the Carolinas spoke a dialect called
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Gullah
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The Stono Rebellion in 1739 was
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the bloodiest slave revolt in the mainland colonies
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colonist in SOuth Carolina wanted a colony founded south of its location
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to prevent England from ceding the territory to Spain
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….was founded as a philanthropic venture and a military-commercial outpost
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Georgia
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James Oglethorpe hoped his new colony would produce...
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sugar and indigo
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The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening
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were opposites (none) both criticized established authority
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The Enlightenment was a belief that….
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understanding and improving the universe could be achieved through the human mind
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Enlightenment thinkers
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believed in rational thinking and scoffed at superstition
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The Great Awakening in the 1740s was a
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revival movement with an emotional appeal
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The "face" of the Great Awakening was
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George WHitefield
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The Great Awakening
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….
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Yale College was founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1701 as a
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training school for ministers of the Church of England
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The American Revolution grew out of
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….
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The growing British Empire and its wars brought threats of
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greater control over the colonies
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The most successful method of keeping Native American groups pacified was
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gifts of trade goods
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The War of Jenkin's Ear primarily represented a British effort to
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expand into SPanish territory and markets in America
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King George's War (1744-1748) began
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over succession to the austrian throne
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Generally, rates of taxation in the colonies were low
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unless it was for war to be financed
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When asked by the British government to supply money to support imperial wars, colonial assemblies usually
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asserted their expemtion form taxation without representation
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No colony did more to support war efforts in North America than
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Massachusetts
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Between 1675 and 1763, when war was more common than peace...
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Native Americans took more than 1,600 new england settlers as captives
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How did French policy toward Algonquian Native Americans change after King George's War?
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France cut back on gifts to Native Americans to save money
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Such change in French policy had the effect of
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weakening French control over Native Americans
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How did Miami chieftain Memeskia react when English traders from Pennsylvania reached the Ohio River valley?
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…..
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How did France and England attempt to strengthen their grip on the Ohio territory?
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...
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The French and Indian War began when
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….
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THe ALbany Plan of Union, though unsuccessful, was an
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….
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The French dominated the first phase of the French and Indian war because
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…..
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Regarding the government's request for assistance from the colonies for imperial wars, officials were
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….
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Regarding the quartering of British troops for the winter in homes of colonists in Philadelphia, Ben Franklin
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….
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British troops were led by professional soldiers from the upper classes. who usually led colonial troops?
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officers appointed by senior officials
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A change in British imperial policy occurred in 1757 when
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Montcalm defeated British forces at Fort William Henry
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After 1757, the goal of Britain in North America was to
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stop other European nations from acquiring colonies in North America
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An indication that England had gained the upper hand in the French and Indian War could be seen in...
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...
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In the Treaty of Easton (1758), Sir WIlliam Johnson promised...
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….
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In the decisive battle of Quebec
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...
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As a consequence of the Peace of PAris, 1763,
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...
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When England discontinued providing gifts to Native Americans after the French and Indian War, the result was...
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….
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By the Proclamation of 1763, the British government hoped to
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...
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What was the result of Lord Dunmore's War?
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....
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What significant change in British military policy occurred in 1763?
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.....
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What was the primary purpose of Prime Mnister George grenville's legislation imposing new taxes?
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....
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Why did colonists object to the Sugar Act even though the new law lowered an existing tax?
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.....
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What was Parliament's specific purpose in passing the Stamp Act?
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to raise revenue
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What was Parliament's attitude in its relationship with the colonies?
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....
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In ENgland and in the colonies, liberty was looked on as
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limitation of the power of the monarch
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A chief example of English civil liberty was the right to be taxed
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only by one's own representatives
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A concept of British government known as _____ was composed of two elements-the rule of law and the principle of consent
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constitutionalism
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The incept of virtual representation held that
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....
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Because of colonial opposition, the Stamp tax was
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......
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What was Parliament's attitude following the repeal of the Stamp Tax?
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....
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Prime Minister Charles Townshend decided to test the colonists' protests against "internal taxes" such as the Stamp Tax by taxing
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.....
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Republicanism represented a growing body of thought on the told of government that believed that
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.....
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According to republican thought
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......
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What led Governor Francis Bernard to dissolve the Massachusetts legislature?
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......
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What was the effect of colonial resistance to the Townshend taxes?
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.......
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British troops were sent to Boston in 1786
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......
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Why did the incident known as the Boston Massacre occur on March 5, 1770?
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....
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____, a free black sailor, was one of those killed in the Boston Massacre.
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.....
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What was parliament's purpose in legislation permitting the Birtish East India COmpany to end tea directly to AMerica?
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.....
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How did activist leader in the colonies react to the Tea Act of 1773?
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......
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How did Parliament respond to the Boston Tea PArty in December 1773?
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.....
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James MAdison
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.....
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Why did General THomas Gave order British troops to march to Concord in April 1775?
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......
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How did New Englanders react to the fighting at Lexington and Concord?
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......
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What important lesson did the British learn from their experience in the battle on Breed's Hill?
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.......
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What was the greatest challenge facing the Second Continental Congress when it met in Philadelphia?
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.......
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Moderate members of Congress in the spring of 1776
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......
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In addition to his military experience, George Washington's appointment to lead the Continental army had what benefit?
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.......
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Why did OCngress submit the Olive Branch Petition to King George?
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......
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In addition to British soldiers, English commanders also used mercenaries known as rebels
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......
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Thomas Paine authored a pamphlet titled ____early in 1776 to argue that the American colonies should declare independence from England
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The federalist papers
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By late spring of 1776, most member of Congress
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.......
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Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence,
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.......
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According to the philosophy Thomas Jefferson expressed in the Declaration of Independence, what was the primary responsibility of government?
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.......
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The american revolution succeeded because
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........
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The Articles of Confederation, as envisioned by John Dickinson
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.......
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Between 1775 and 1780, each of the 13 states had adopted a new written constitution. The constitutions tended to
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.......
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How did the attitude of the generation of revolutionary americans toward the centralized power of the ENglish government affect their new state constitutions?
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......
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What was a significant change in governments in AMerica produced by the revolution?
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.......
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What was England's strategy in the first part of the American Revolution
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.......
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What was Washington's basic tactic during the revolutionary War?
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.....
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____ led revolutionary forces to victory over Lord Cornwallis's command in the Battle of Guilford Court House
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George Washington
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What enabled Geroge Washington's victory over Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown?
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assistance from French soldiers and the French fleet
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England's use of mercenary troops was
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........
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Who led Congress's diplomatic effort to secure recognition and assistance from France during the Revolution?
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.Thomas Jefferson
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Why did France become involved in the American Revolution?
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.........
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WHat did the new government in America hope to gain besides independence?
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......
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How were loyalists treated after the american Revolution ended?
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......
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How did the departure of 80,000 loyalists as a consequence of the Revolution affect America?
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.......
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.WHat was the most significant American failure in negotiating the Peace of Paris, 1783, which ended the Revolutionary War?
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.....
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What offered the greatest opportunity for profit and prosperity once the Revolutionary War ended?
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....
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The availability of new farmland west of the appalachian Mountains reversed what pre revolutionary trend?
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.....
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What happened to currency printed by Congress and state government in 1770s and 1780s?
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....
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Weakness of the central government in the Articles...
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.....
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____led an effort to close courts in Massachusetts so property could not be seized for inability to pay taxes
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......
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What campaign pledge helped John Hancock win election as governer of Massachusetts ?
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.....
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In view of economic woes under the Articles of Confederation, what group of commerce-minded political leaders advocated a strong central government?
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.....
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During the American Revolution, American women
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.....
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What was the only colony/state that permitted women to vote, if they met property qualifications, until 1807?
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.....
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Discussions about women's citizenship and intellectual capacities
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.....
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The Quaker____ launched the first antislavery movement in 1754 when he condemned the institutions on humanitarian and religious terms
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.....
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What impact did revolutionary ideals have on African slavery in the former English colonies?
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......
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How did Native AMericans react the American Revolution?
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......
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When American settlers moved westward, they usually
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.....
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THe ___ banned slavery from expanding in territory north of the OHio RIver
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Generally speaking, after the American Revolution
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......
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Why was the election of George Washington as presiding officer of the convention crucial to its success
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.....
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What was the principal difference between the Virginia Plan and the NEw jersey Plan for a new national government?
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.....
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THe conflict between large states and small states was resolved by the
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.....
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WHat were the Federalist Papers?
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.....
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Ratification of the new constitution was
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....
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Pyro claymation of 1763
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Confines colonies to the east of an imaginary line running down the spine of the allegheny mountains
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