Hort 201 Exam 1

The science and technology of culturing, utilizing, and improving forest trees and their products

The science and technology of culturing, utilizing, and improving field crops

The science, technology, and art of culturing, utilizing and improving fruit, vegetables, flowering and ornamental plants

Vegetable culture and production

Fruit and nut culture and production

Plants grown for aesthetic uses, improvement of quality of life and our environment, and functional uses

Flowering and foliage plant culture and production

Floral design and retail floristry operation

Tree, shrub, and vine culture and production

Exterior and interior design, construction and maintenance of landscapes

Grasses for lawns, sport facilities, landscapes and golf courses

The science and technology of growing and raising plants and animals

Single layer of cells on primary (herbaceous) plant parts

Corky tissue that replaces epidermis on secondary (woody) plant parts

Conducts water and nutrients up roots, stems, and leaves

Conducts water, sugar, hormones, etc. down and up roots, stem, and leaves

Outer region of stem and roots

Pith

Middle of leaves and flower petals

An isodiametric cell with a thin, non-lignified, primary cell wall used as filler, storage, protection, and photosynthesis

A cell that is longer than it is wide and has an unevenly thickened, non-lignified primary cell wall used for support in growing tissues

A cell that has an evenly thickened, lignified, secondary cell wall that is dead at maturity and is used as support in mature tissue

Long, slender sclerenchyma cell that is pointed on the ends

Multi-shaped or columnar sclerenchyma cells

A polymer or chain of sugars

Forms a matrix of microfibrils

Filler between cellulose microfibrils

Cementing agent or filler; high in middle lamella and fruit

Tough polymer of phenolic compounds, high in secondary cell wall

Mainly structural

The membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm; composed of a bilayer of phospholipids and proteins; it is selectively permeable and regulates absorption into cells and leakage from cells

Cytosol plus organelles; most metabolism occurs in the cytosol or the organelles

Fluid portion of the cytoplasm; a solution of dissolved/suspended compounds

Specialized structures in cytoplasm, each with specific functions

Location of DNA and some of the RNA

Strands or coils of DNA

Spherical, dense body inside nucleus; site of protein synthesis

Major site of respiration; called the "power house" of the cell

Double membrane-bound bodies for storage and photosynthesis

Colorless plastid

Leucoplast for starch storage

Leucoplast for fat and oil storage

Colored plastids for storage of carotenoids

Green plastids that contain chlorophyll

Tubular membranes for communication across the cytoplasm; site of protein and membrane synthesis

Dense sphere of RNA; protein synthesis occurs on their surface

Stores organic acids, salts, anthocyanins, metabolic wastes, enzymes and metabolites

Membrane that surrounds the vacuole

Disk-shaped membranes for membrane and polysaccharide synthesis

Membrane-bound storage bodies with various functions

Tubular rods used in mitosis and cellulose orientation in cell walls

A double helix chain of sugar-phosphates connected by nucleic acids

a single stranded chain of sugar-phosphates connecting nucleic acids

Base pairings of nucleic acids in DNA

Base pairings of nucleic acids in RNA

A length of DNA that codes for the production of a specific protein or protein subunit and active RNAs

A polymer or chain of amino acids

A protein that acts as a metabolic catalyst

Discrete regions or groups of cells that posses continued cell division for the life of the plant or that organ

Growth in length that gives rise to primary tissues called the primary plant body

The growing points located at the tips of stems and roots

The growth region at the base of grass leaves that causes leaves to elongate

Growth in width or diameter that gives rise to secondary tissues called the secondary plant body

Meristematic regions along the sides of stems and roots

A sheet-like meristem between the bark and wood along the sides of woody stems and roots; gives rise to secondary xylem on the inside and secondary phloem on the outside

Secondary xylem

Gives rise to periderm

1 cotyledon

Flower parts in multiples of 3

Linear leaf, parallel venation

Scattered vascular bundles in the stem

Only primary growth

2 cotyledons

Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Broad leaves with net venation

Rings of vascular bundles in primary growth

Primary and secondary growth

1 to many cotyledons

No true flowers

needle-like or scale-like leaves

An underdeveloped and unelongated stem composed of a short axis with compressed internodes, a meristematic apex, and primordial leaves and/or flowers

A bud at the tip of a stem responsible for terminal growth

Buds along side the axis of a stem; they were produced by the terminal bud during growth; once they grow out and form a lateral stem they become terminal buds of the lateral branch

a bud containing a floral meristem which develops into flowers; usually larger than vegetative buds

a scar marking the former point of attachment of a leaf or petiole to the stem

the part of the stem between nodes

part of stem marking the point of attachment of leaves, flowers, fruits, buds, and other stems

rough areas on stems composed of loosely packed cells extending from the cortex through the ruptured epidermis; serve as "breathing pores" for gas exchange. only occur on young stems

bud scale scars from the last terminal bud; they denote flushes of growth. can be used to age stems because one is typically produced per year

the terminal point of the leaf

the flattened green expanded portion of a leaf

edge of a leaf

the most prominent central vein of the leaf

secondary veins in a leaf

the leaf stalk

leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole of some leaves

feather-like net venation with lateral veins extending from a central midrib

finger-like net venation with several major veins diverging from the union of the petiole and the leaf blade

principal veins parallel to the axis of the leaf

leaflets arising from along both sides of the rachis

leaflets all arising from the same location at the top of the petiole

an open aperture in the epidermis surrounded by two guard cells

cells surrounding stomatal pore causing it to open with turgid and close when flaccid

mesophyll specialized for photosynthesis, contains a large number of chloroplasts, located on the top of dicot leaves

mesophyll specialized for gas exchange

the reproductive organ of higher plants which contain at least one pistil and/or one stamen

contains all floral parts

lacks one of more floral parts

contains pistil and stamen

contains either pistil or stamen

contains only pistil

contains only stamen

both stamen and pistil are absent or non-functional

both staminate and pistillate flowers occur on the same plant

staminate and pistillate flowers occur on separate plants

a ripened or matured ovary and its contents plan any accessory tissue

fruit wall which developed from the ovary wall

outer layer of pericarp

middle layer of pericarp

inner layer of pericarp

a ripened or mature ovule consisting of an embryo with associated stored food and covered by a testa

protective, outermost layer of seed, commonly called seed coat

CO2 and H2O are used to produce sugar and oxygen in the presence of light and chlorophyll

green plastid in which photosynthesis occurs

green plant pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

flattened, sac-like membranes inside a chloroplast that contain the chlorophyll

stacks of thylakoids

tubular membranes that connect the grana

fluid matrix of the chloroplast

reaction that uses water and light energy to evolve oxygen

reaction that uses carbon dioxide to produce sugar

the wavelength or color of light

the intensity or amount of light

best light for growing plants outdoors in a greenhouse

best single light for growing plants indoors

light intensity for prime rate of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide for prime rate of photosynthesis

light reaction input

dark reaction input

light reaction output

dark reaction output

where light reaction occurs

where dark reaction occurs

inputs for glycolysis

outputs for glycolysis

outputs for anaerobic fermentation

outputs for Krebs cycle

outputs for cytochrome system

inputs for cytochrome system

controlled atmosphere storage, plus low pressure

chamber with increased co2, low o2, low temperature, high humidity, no ethylene