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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define norms |
A guideline or an expectation for behaviour. |
Rules |
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Define Social Darwinism |
Social Darwinism, the theory that persons, groups, and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin had perceived in plants and animals in nature. |
Survival of the fittest |
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Define culture |
Learned behaviours, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideals of a particular society or population. |
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Characteristics of culture |
Non-material culture: Thoughts and behaviours we learn and share with others. - Ideas - Beliefs - Values - Norms Material culture: All the physical objects that humans create and give meaning to. - Buildings - Vehicles - Clothing - Tools - Jewellery - Food |
Material and Non-material |
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Define primary groups |
A group in which there is frequent face-to-face contact, little task orientation, and emotional intimacy among members. |
Intimate |
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Define secondary groups |
A group in which there is infrequent or short-term contact, little task orientation, and no emotional intimacy among members.
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Formal |
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Culture is |
- Learned - Shared - Defines nature - Shapes how we perceive and understand the world - Has patterns |
Five things |
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Pavlov |
Classical conditioning Russian physiologist who conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. |
Dogs |
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Classical conditioning is |
Learning a new behaviour via the process of association. In simple terms two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. |
Reflexive |
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Operant conditioning is |
A type of learning where behaviour is controlled by consequences. Key concepts in operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment.
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Voluntary |
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Define conformity |
The process of giving in to real or imagined pressure from a group. |
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Define group |
Two or more people who interact over time, have a sense of identity or belonging, and have norms that nonmembers do not have.
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Define master status |
A status we possess that overrides all other statuses and becomes the one by which we are known to others |
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Define agents of socialization |
People, groups, and experiences that influence our behaviour and self-image. |
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Define ascribed status |
A trait or characteristic people possess as a result of the circumstances of birth. |
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Define ethnocentrism |
The tendency to judge another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. |
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Define network |
A series of social ties that can be important sources of information, contacts, and assistance for its members. |
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Define primary socialization |
The learning that we experience from the people who raise us. |
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Define role |
A set of norms, values, and personality characteristics expected of a person based on the setting he or she is in. |
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Define role conflict |
The conflict that can result from the competing demands of two or more roles. |
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Define socialization |
The process whereby we learn to become competent members of a group.
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Define values |
A culturally approved belief about what is right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.
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Define anticipatory socialization |
The learning of new norms and values in anticipation of a future role. |
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Define sociology and its types |
The scientific study of human social behaviour, including individuals, groups, and societies. Sociologists study people as they form groups and interact with one another. Qualitative Sociology: Qualitative sociology emphasizes understanding individuals’ experiences by examining their books, television programs, interactions, and ceremonies, among other elements. Quantitative Sociology: Quantitative sociology relies on statistical analysis to understand experiences and trends. |
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Define anthropology and its types |
The scientific study of humans, including their origins; behaviour; and physical, social, and cultural development. Anthropologists place special emphasis on language, kinship patterns, and cultural artifacts. Cultural anthropology: The comparative study of human societies and cultures and their development. -ethnology (social) -archaeology -linguistic Physical anthropology: The science of human zoology, evolution, and ecology. -paleoanthropology -forensic -primatology |
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Define psychology and its types |
The scientific study of the human mind, mental states, and human behaviour. Psychologists study the human brain and how it functions, considering issues such as memory, dreams, learning, and perception. -biological -psychoanalytic -behavioural -cognitive -humanistic |
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What is the case study research method |
Case study method enables aresearcher to closely examine the data within a specific context.In most cases, a case study methodselects a small geographical area or a very limited numberof individuals as the subjects of study. |
In depth |
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What is the experimental research method |
Experimental research attempts to determine how and why something happens. Experimental research tests the way in which an independent variable (the factor that the scientist manipulates) affects a dependent variable (the factor that the scientist observes).
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What is the sample survey research method |
Survey research involves interviewing or administering questionnaires, or written surveys, to large numbers of people. The investigator analyzes the data obtained from surveys to learn about similarities, differences, and trends. He or she then makes predictions about the population being studied. |
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What is the observational research method |
Observational research involves directly observing subjects' reactions, either in a laboratory (called laboratory observation) or in a natural setting (called naturalistic observation). |
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What is an independent variable |
That which the experimenter manipulates |
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What is a dependent variable |
That which changes as a consequence of manipulation of the independent variable |
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What is the cerebral cortex |
The body's ultimate control and information processing centre |
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What are the frontal lobes and where are they |
Motor cortex. Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. Located at the top front of the head. |
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What are the parietal lobes and where are they |
Sensory cortex. Located in the middle just behind frontal and above occipital. |
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What are the occipital lobes and where are they |
Visual cortex. Controls vision and reading ability. Located at the back of the head. |
V |
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What are the temporal lobes and where are they |
Auditory cortex. Controls hearing and memory. Located above the ears on sides of head. |
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Label this diagram |
Replace pituitary glad with thalamus |
Cerebellum Corpus Callosum Frontal lobe Medulla Oblongata Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Pons Spinal cord Temporal lobe Thalamus |
