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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atria
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Upper heart chambers. Receive blood from veins
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Atrioventricular (AV) Node
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Relays the signal from SA node to ventricles to regulate their contraction
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Baroreceptors
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Sensory receptor in some arteries that senses blood pressure and signals Medulla oblongata to increase or decrease pressure
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Blood Vessels
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Tubes that transport blood throughout body
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What are the five types of blood vessels?
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Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
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Arteries
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Conducts blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries
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Arterioles
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The smallest arteries. Supply blood to the capillaries
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Capillary
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Smallest blood vessels. Sites of oxygen and CO2 exchange between blood and tissues.
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Venules
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Small blood vessel that transports blood from capillaries toward heart
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Vein
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Thin-walled blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
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Cardiac Cycle
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Sequence of events encompassing one complete contraction and relaxation cycle of the heart.
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Erythrocyte
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Red Blood Cell. Doughnut shaped cells due to lack of nucleus, also lack mitochondria. Carry oxygen to cells.
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Heart
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Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout body in two circuits
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What are the two circuits of circulation?
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Pulmonary and Systemic
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Pulmonary Circuit
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From right side of heart. Sends blood to lungs to pick up oxygen
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Systemic Circuit
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From left side of heart. Transports blood throughout body to deliver oxygen to tissues.
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Hemoglobin
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Oxygen-binding pigment in blood. Red due to iron, which binds the oxygen
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Leukemia
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Uncontrolled proliferation of blood cells
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Leukocytes
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White blood cells. Function in housekeeping and body defense. Variety of different cell types
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Basophils
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Release histamine and other substances during inflammatory response
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Eosinophils
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Attack parasites and invaders too large to be engulfed by phagocytic cells. Also function in allergic response
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Neutrophils
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Respond rapidly during infection. Surround and engulf bacteria
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Macrophage
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Engulfs damaged tissue, bacteria and foreign debris. Act as antigen-presenters to T cells and B cells in the immune response
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B lymphocyte (B cell)
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White blood cell that matures in bone marrow and gives rise to antibody-producing plasma cells
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T lymphocyte (T Cell)
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Responsible for cell-mediated immunity, which depends on the action of several different T cells.
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Natural Killer (NK) Cells
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Lymphocyte that can recognize and kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells before the immune system is activated
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Mast Cells
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Immune cell that detects foreign substances in tissue spaces and releases histamine to initiate a local inflammatory response
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Lymphatic System
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System consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and other tissues and organs. The lymphatic system returns excess fluid to the cardiovascular system and provides a site for immune surveillance.
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Medulla Oblongata
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Portion of brain stem that contains the center for controlling the cardiovascular system.
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Megakaryote
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Bone marrow cell that gives rise to platelets. Replicates its DNA without dividing, making cells many times larger than other cells.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Division of autonomic nervous system that promotes activities associated with rest.
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Plasma
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The fluid (noncellular) portion of blood. Mostly water with ions, proteins and substances transported to cells
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Platelet
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Cell fragments involved in clotting in response to wounding
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Pukinje Fiber
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Cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical signal in heart to apex of ventricles to initiate contraction
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Sinoatrial (SA) Node
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Specialized myocardial cells in wall of right atrium that initiate the heartbeat. The pacemaker of the heart
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Stem Cell
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Cells that have not yet differentiated. In bone marrow, are the source of all blood cells and platelets.
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Division of autonomic nervous system that helps the body cope with stressors and with situations requiring high mental or physical activity
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Ultrafiltration
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Leakage of plasma from capillaries into tissue spaces. Allows for movement of substances into tissues
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Ventricles
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Lower heart chambers. Pump blood into arteries for dispersion to lungs or rest of body tissues.
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