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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What occupies space and has weight?
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Matter
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What are the three states of matter?
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Solid, liquid, and gas
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What is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions
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Element
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Elements that are present in tiny amounts in the body are known as _________.
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Trace elements
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What four elements make up 96% of the body weight
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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The smallest unit of an element with that element's chemical characteristics is called a/an __________
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Atom
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Symbol for Oxygen
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O
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Symbol for Carbon
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C
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Symbol for Hydrogen
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H
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Symbol for Nitrogen
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N
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Symbol for Calcium
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Ca
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Symbol for Phosphorus
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P
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Symbol for Potassium
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K
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Symbol for Sulfur
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S
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Symbol for Sodium
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Na
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Symbol for Chlorine
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Cl
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Symbol for Mangesium
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Mg
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Symbol for Iron
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Fe
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Symbol for Iron
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Fe
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Symbol for Iodine
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I
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This subatomic particle carries a positive (+) electrical charge and is found in the nucleus
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Proton
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This subatomic particle carries a neutral (no) electrical charge and is found in the nucleus
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Neutron
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This subatomic particle is negatively charged and can be found circling the nucleus in orbits
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Electron
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The number of protons in the nucleus is called the _________
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Atomic number
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The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is known as the ________
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Atomic weight
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If one adds one or more neutrons to an atom you create a _________
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Isotope
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Unstable isotopes are called _________
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Radioisotopes
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The process of spontaneous breakdown (decay) is called _________
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Radioactivity
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The first electron shell of an atom contains how many electrons
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Two
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The electrical attraction between atoms is a _________
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Chemical bond
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The three types of chemical bonds are _______, _______, and ________
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ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds
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Transferring electrons between atoms creates a/an ______ bond
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Ionic
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Sharing electrons by the outer shells of the atoms results in what type of bond?
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Covalent bond
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The study of carbon containing substances is called _____________
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Organic chemistry
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The study of non-carbon containing substances is called _______
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Inorganic chemistry
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A bond that occurs between polar molecules (having one end + and one end - charged) is called a ________ bond
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Hydrogen bond
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Elements that carry an electrical charge are called _____
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Ions
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If an ion is positively charged, it is called a/an ________
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Cation
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If an ion is negatively charged, it is called a/an ______
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Anion
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A substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water is called a/an ________
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Electrolyte
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Ions are formed when elements give up or gain a/an __________
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Electron
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This cation is important in fluid balance, is the main extracellular cation, and also important for nerve-muscle function
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Sodium: Na+
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This cation is a major component of bones and teeth, is important for blood clotting and muscle function
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Calcium: Ca+2
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This cation is a component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport)
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Iron: Fe+2
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This cation is important in acid-base balance
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Hydrogen: H+
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This cation is the chief intracellular cation
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Potassium: K+
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This anion is the primary extracellular anion
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Chloride: Cl-
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This anion is important in acid-base regulation
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Bicarbonate: HCO-3
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This anion is a component of bones and teeth, also a component of ATP (cellular energy molecule)
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Phosphate:
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When an electrolyte splits, or breaks apart in solution, the electrolyte is said to _______
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Dissociate
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The process of dissociation is referred to as ________
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Ionization
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When two or more atoms bond together, they form a _______
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Molecule
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A substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms is called a __________
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Compound
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The most abundant compound in the body is _______
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Water: H20
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Name 5 things that make water so special?
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Water is universal solvent, water as a temperature regulator, water as an ideal lubricant, water in chemical reactions, and water as a protective device
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The molecule that we breathe is called __________
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Oxygen: O2
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This compound is a waste product of metabolism and is eliminated through the lungs
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Carbon dioxide: CO2
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A process whereby the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations is called a ________
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Chemical reaction
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Chemical substances that speed up the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction are called __________
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Catalysts
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When proteins act as catalysts they are called _________
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Enzymes
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An electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion (- ion) is called a/an ________
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Acid
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HCl dissociates completely into H+ and Cl- therefore it is a strong ________
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Acid
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Vinegar does not dissociate completely into H+ and acetate therefore it is a/an ________ acid
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Weak
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These substances are the opposite of acids and usually contain hydroxyl ion (OH-)
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Bases
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The unit of measurement of H+ in a solution is called _________
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pH
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The pH scale ranges from ____ to _____
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0-14
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A substance with a pH between 7 - 14 would be said to be acidic or basic
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Basic
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The pH of blood is maintained between the range of ____ to _____
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7.35-7.45
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With reference to the pH of human blood a pH below 7.35 is said to be ________
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Acidosis
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With reference to the pH of human blood a pH above 7.45 is said to be _______
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Alkalosis
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What three systems or organs regulate blood pH on a minute-by-minute basis?
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A buffer system, the lungs, and the kidneys
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The ability to perform work is known as ________
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Energy
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Name the six forms of energy
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Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, Radiant, Thermal, and Nuclear
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Energy that causes movement is _______ energy
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Mechanical
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Energy stored in chemical bonds is ______ energy
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Chemical
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Energy released from the movement of charged particles is _____ energy
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Electrical
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Energy that travels in waves is called _______ energy
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Radiant
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Energy transferred because of a temperature difference is called ______ energy
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Thermal
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Energy released during the decay of radioactive substances such as isotopes is called ______ energy
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Nuclear
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An isotope is formed by adding what to the nucleus of an atom?
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Neutron(s)
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The energy transfer molecule of the human body is ______
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Adenosine triphosphate; ATP
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A combination of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means and when separated retain their original properties are called a ________
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Mixture
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If particles in a mixture remain evenly distributed in the fluid it is called a ________
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Solution
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A solution has two parts. What are those parts?
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Solute and solvent
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The substance in a solution that is present in the smallest amount is called the _______
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Solute
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The substance in a solution that is present in the greater amount is called the _______
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Solvent
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If water is the solvent, the solution is called a/an ________ solution
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Aqueous
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If alcohol is the solvent, the solution is called a/an ________
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Tincture
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If one has a mixture in which the particles are large and tend to settle to the bottom unless the mixture is shaken it is called a _________
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Suspension
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If the particles do not dissolve, but they are so small that they remain suspended within the liquid, even when not being shaken this is called a __________ suspension
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Colloidal
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