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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Assimilation |
The process in which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking |
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Accommodation |
Changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events |
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Acquisitive stage |
According to Schale, the first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood and adolescence, in which the main developmental task is to acquire information |
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Achieving stage |
The point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions. |
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Centration |
The process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects. |
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Conservation |
The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects |
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Deferred imitation |
An act in which a person who is no longer present is imitated by children who have witnessed a similar act |
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Egocentric thought |
Thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others |
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Goal directed behavior |
Behavior in which several schemes are combined and coordinated to generate a single act to solve a problem |
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Intuitive thought |
Thinking that reflects preschoolers use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition of knowledge about the world |
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Mental representation |
An internal image of a past event or object |
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Object permanence |
The realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen |
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Operations |
Organized, formal, logical mental processes |
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Preoperational stage |
According to Piaget, the stage from approximately age 2 to age 7 in which childrens use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and the use of concepts increases |
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Postformal thought |
Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms. |
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Scheme |
An organized pattern of sensorimotor functioning |
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Sensorimotor stage (of cognitive development) |
Piaget's initial major stage of cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages |
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Symbolic function |
The ability to use a mental symbol, a word, or an object to stand for or represent something that is not physically present |
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Scaffolding |
The support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth |
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Transformation |
The process in which one state is changed into another |
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Zone of proximal development (ZPD) |
According to Vygotsky, the level at which a child can almost, but not fully, perform a task independently, but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent |