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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Presbyopia
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When the eye's ability to accommodate, focus, and maintain an image on the retina declines significantly between the ages of 40 and 59.
This means that the midlife adult might have difficulty seeing objects close at hand. |
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Presbycusis
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Decrease in hearing of high-pitched sounds.
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Hypertension
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When blood pressure exceeds normal limits.
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Type A Behavior
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Type A behavior is a cluster of characteristics, such as impatience, excessive competitiveness, aggressiveness, and hostility.
Type A behavior doubles the risk of coronary heart disease (CAD) in otherwise healthy people. |
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Menopause
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When menstrual periods, and therefore childbearing capabilities, end. (The event that most marks midlife for most women).
This happens in the late 40s or early 50s for most women, with an average age of 52 for the last menstrual period. |
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Climacteric
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In Menopause, Climacteric is the two-to-five year period in which changes occur, and during this time, menstruation often becomes irregular.
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Fluid Intelligence
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Fluid Intelligence is the result of innate, neurological abilities to process new information and id best measured by novel tasks. It does appear to decline in the middle adulthood years.
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Crystallized Intelligence
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What we acquire from formal learning, reading, watching documentaries, or attending lectures. As long as the adult continues to engage in intellectually stimulating activities, crystallized intelligence can increase.
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Responsible Stage
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Werner Schaie called the middle adult life stage of cognitive development the Responsible Stage, because midlife adults have family members and peers for whom they are responsible.
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Executive Phase
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Werner Schaie called the middle adult life stage of cognitive development the Responsible Stage.
A subset of milife adults are in the Executive Phase - Judges, CEOs of large corporations, senators, and others have enormous responsibilities that extend well beyond their own families or jobs. Midlife, for most adults, is characterized by concern for the welfare of others. |
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Wisdom
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The practical application of cognitive abilities combined with life experience results in wisdom.
Midlife adults use integrative thinking- they tend to interpret events in terms of the personal & psychological meaning for them, filtering new info thru the lens of their own life experience. |
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Generativity
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(Erikson - Generativity vs Stagnation)
Generativity refers to leaving a legacy for the next generation and can be achieved through parenting, mentoring, or cultural productions, such as writing a book or creating a piece of architecture that will live on after the pension is gone. |
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Carl Jung
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Proposed that adult personality is characterized by a quest for meaning.
Both men & women, in midlife, concentrate on their responsibilities to family, work, and society, but in different ways. Once they are free of some responsibilities, men & women can begin to balance their personality and express parts of themselves that had been suppressed before. |
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Stagnation
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(Erikson proposed that midlife is characterized by Generativity vs Stagnation)
Adults who do not feel that they have made a mark in the world may stagnate, or become bitter and self-absorbed. |
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Robert Peck's
4 Types of adjustments that must be made during midlife for healthy adjustment to occur. |
1. Learning to value wisdom, or the mental, emotional, and personality characteristics of self & others, over the physical powers of the body.
2. Socializing rather than sexualizing relationships. Redefine relationships & begin to value others as potential friends & companions rather than as potential sexual partners. 3. Learning to shift emotional investments & remain flexible as they experience losses like death of parents, moving away of children, and divorce to avoid emotional impoverishment. 4. Similarly, midlife adults need to stay mentally flexible and open to new ideas, or they risk mental rigidity (being set in one's ways). |
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Gould
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Proposed that midlife is as chaotic and stressful as adolescence, but with one exception - The midlife adult has learned better coping strategies.
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Daniel Levinson
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Daniel Levinson suggested that at age 40, men have reached some career stability, but now face 4 major conflicts:
1. The transition from being young to being old. 2. Being destructive vs constructive 3. Being masculine vs feminine 4. Being attached vs separated from others. Resolving these conflicts can be painful & may lead to major life changes. |
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George Vaillant
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George Vaillant suggested thatmidlife is a time of maintaining flexibility vs becoming rigid, or set in ones ways. Midlife adults search for meaning in their lives.
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Burnout
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Burnout is the extreme consequence of job strain and is a feeling of emotional exhaustion, helplessness, and loss of control over the work situation.
People in helping professions (nursing, medicine, social work, and teaching) are particularly prone to burnout. |
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Job Strain
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Job strain is associated with higher frequency of high blood pressure and mental health problems.
(Burnout is the extreme consequence of job strain). |
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Midlife Crisis
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Midlife Crisis is a term used in western societies to describe a period of dramatic self-doubt that is felt by some individuals in the "middle years" of life, as a result of sensing the passage of youth & the imminence of old age.
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Osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis is the loss of bone mass and bone density that increases the risk of fractures, especially in older women.
Side effect of menopause. Estrogen has protective factors for bone, so the loss of estrogen that occurs with menopause can have devastating effects on women at risk for osteoporosis. |
