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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Inequality
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The differences between rich and poor.
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Causes of inequality
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Racism Sexism Ageism |
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Sexism
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The idea that one gender is better or more suited to some activities than the other. |
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Racism
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The belief that some races are better than others. |
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Ageism
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The idea that some age groups. e.g. the old, are not capable and some act in a certain way, e.g. the young are trouble makers. |
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Reasons for discrimination
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Socialisation Stereotypes |
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Discrimination
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Acting on prejudice.
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Stereotypes
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Fixed exaggerated ideas about a group of people can cause prejudice, e.g. Jews are greedy. |
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Absolute Poverty
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The person does not have the basic necessities to live, e.g. food, water and shelter. |
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Relative Poverty
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To be poor compared to other people.
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Subjective poverty
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To think you are poor.
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Social Exclusion
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Being left out in society in important ways, e.g. homeless people because they are not part of a community. Therefore poverty is linked to social exclusion. |
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Inclusion
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All groups should be encouraged to be part of society. |
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Underclass
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A group of people below working class and left out of society, e.g. long-term employed.
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The underclass is to blame for their situation: |
Can't take part in community life due to lack of money. They have different norms, e.g. no jobs and make money in a different way. |
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The New Right...
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Blame the underclass for their poverty and the government because they give them benefits which encourages them not to work. |
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Cycle of deprivation
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The underclass socialise their children in a way that makes it impossible for them to escape from their poverty. |
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Marxists believe...
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There is an underclass because in a competitive society someone has to end up in the bottom of society. |
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Wealth
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Includes property, savings and shares.
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Income
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Weekly or monthly wages, pensions or benefits. |
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Changing patterns of wealth
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In the 1950's working people became better off. 1980's and onwards most reports suggest that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. |
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Deprived
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Not having things needed for a decent life.
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Elite
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A small group who are rich and powerful and control society. |
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Power
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The ability to get what you want.
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Privilege
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Advantages over different groups, e.g. men as there are 504 MP's following the 2010 election compared to 146 female MP's. |
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Life chances
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Opportunities that individuals have of having good things happen to them and avoiding bad things. |
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Quality of life
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Being happy and healthy and feeling good about your life. |
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Lifestyle
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Attitudes, possessions, interests and how they live. |
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Status
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How important your position is in society.
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Prestige
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Respect given on the basis of our achievements. |
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Social class
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Grouping people based on their job and status. |
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Upper class
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Aristocracy, owners of big business and the very rich. Have good contacts and so likely to get the best jobs. |
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Middle class
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Are better off and do not work with their hands e.g. teachers, nurses and office workers. |
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Working Class
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People who work in manual jobs, e.g. miners, factory workers and shipbuilders. |
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Ageism
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The idea that some age groups, e.g. the old, aren't as capable and young people are trouble makers. |
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The social construction of age
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The idea that the norms of what we do and how we behave at a certain age is made by society, e.g. childhood did not exist until recent times. |
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Social construction of gender
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The idea that the norms of gender vary from society to society and over time, e.g. a woman's place used to be in the home but now is also in the workplace. |
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Why are women now more equal to men?
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Equal Pay Act- 1970 Sex Discrimination Act- 1975 |
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Equal Pay Act
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1970- Have to pay men and women the same money for the same work. |
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Sex Discrimination Act
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1975- Employers have to employ and promote people by their ability not their gender. |
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Disability
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Unable to do everyday tasks due to mental or physical difficulties. Often suffer prejudice leading to discrimination. |
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Racism
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The belief that some races are better than others. |
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Ethnicity
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A person' cultural group, religion, nationality or way of life. |
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Ethnic pay gap
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Gap between the pay of white British people and ethnic minority groups. |
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Functionalists believe...
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Inequality motivates people to work hard to be winners, without it nobody would work hard. |
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Feminists believe...
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Inequality between men and women is most important as it traps women in traditional roles of housewife and mother. |
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Marxists believe...
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Inequality exists because ruling classes are exploiting the working classes who don't realise they are being used. |