Inglese Cohesive Devices

Moreover = additionally, furthermore, inoltre

In addition

Similarly, likewise= in similar manner, analogamente

In fact= actually, in realtà; anzi, in effetti, di fatto; furthermore, tra l altro, to add more detailed information to what has just been said "Did She pass her driving test? Yes, She did ; in fact, she's now taking an advanced driving test"

Furthermore=in addition, moreover, inoltre

Indeed= in fact, a dire la verità; certainly, infatti, sicuramente, certo; Surprise, davvero? Sul serio?

Very (literary, dated), davvero, proprio

Although= even though, though, but, anche se, sebbene, nonostante

Despite=in spite of, though, nonostante, malgrado "despite being poor, they are honest"

In spite of= despite, nonostante "in spite of the fact that they are poor, they are honest", "in spite of the danger trying to stop you", in spite+sogg/ing/pron. L'importante è che ci va un nome dopo

Whilst= although, however, nonostante, anche se, ciononostante;

Mentre, invece (tipo whereas)

Though= although, despite anche se, sebbene

Nonetheless= despite This, tuttavia, ciononostante

while

Whereas: while in contrast
Even though/although: se alla prima frase prima della main clause, ci va il comma a dividere. Se alla seconda dopo la main clause, niente comma tra la frase principale e subordinata

Such as= for instance, come per esempio, come; similar, like (come quello che)

For instance

To illustrate this

Therefore= as a consequence, perciò, di conseguenza

Thus= therefore, so, perciò, quindi

Hence= therefore(formal), perciò, dunque, quindi; from now (dated,formal); from here (dated)

Consequently

As a result= consequently, therefore, di conseguenza

Similarly, likewise

Furthermore

In addition

Not only....but also

Also

But

In spite of: even though there is something unpleasant or bad happening

However: despite This; in qualunque modo;

Although

On the other hand

While

Despite

Whereas: while in contrast

In other words, that Is, in fact

Ovvero, cioè: "Sam will inherit the property when he reaches the age of legal majority; that is, when he is 18 years old."

Vale a dire"John was an unhappy man; that is, until he met Sonia."

For example, such as, for instance

Therefore

Because of

As a result

Consequently

So

Quanto a, with reference to, regarding

"As to your request, I'm afraid I have to say no"

"If you pay attention to the questions that are asked, you will notice they already contain some hints as to the tense you have to use."

So+adj/adv/much,many+noun

"The flight was so bumpy that ..."

"He drove so quickly that..."

"There was so much traffic and so many people that..."

Such+ a adj noun count./adj noun uncount./adj plur. noun

"It was such a great hotel that..."

"We had such terrible weather that..."

"They were such unconfortable seats that..."

by which way or method, per cui, per mezzo della quale:

"They've set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a two-year period"

in which, or with which:
"It's put me in a position whereby I can't afford to take a job"

Solar power accounts for far less/more of the total energy production than gas or coal does.

The Middle East produces twice as much oil as Europe

It's twice as high as.....

It has twice as many PhDs in industry as Europe has

Twice as much/many X as

Three times as much/many X as

Western countries consume three times more oil than the Middle East.

Russia consumes slightly more oil than Germany

The UAE produced the same amount of oil as Saudi Arabia

The Middle East produces high levels of oil; however, Japan produces none.

The USA produces large amounts of natural gas. In contrast, South Korea produces none.

European countries make great use of solar power. On the other hand, most Asian countries us this method of power generation very little.

Developing countries are more reliant on alternative energy production than developed countries.

Hydropower is not as efficient as wind power.

Like Japan, South Korea does not produce any natural gas

The Middle East produces high levels of oil, whereas/while Japan produces none.

Whereas / While the Middle East produces high levels of oil, Japan produces none.

Although the Middle East produced 100 tons of oil, Japan produced none.

Insieme a, in aggiunta a, oltre a

"Regular social contact, along with physical exercise and good nutrition, can contribute to a better mental health"

"Learning a new skill requires practice as well as motivation"

"Besides being better for the environment, travelling by train or bus brings you into close contact with lots of different people."

Although/even though he comes from Rome, he doesn't like carbonara.

He comes from Rome. Nevertheless/yet/still/however, he doesn't like carbonara.

Despite/in spite of his coming from Rome, he doesn't like carbonara

1)A differenza di

"Unlike his father, he didn't drink alcohol"

2)mentre (contrasto)

While his father drank a lot of alcohol, he didn't drink at all

Hdudjfjfjf

As/since: introduce clauses which either follow or precede the main clause. They are less formal than because. As differs a bit from since: with as the cause is presented as if it is well-known or obvious.

As well as: useful alternative to and, especially when the members of the list are long and there is already an occurrence of and fulfilling some other function.

Because: to provide explicit reason for something.

Besides: quando presenti una serie di argomenti e l'ultimo è il più decisivo di tutti. Non si usa quindi per presentare un altro punto in sequenza. In tal caso si userebbe moreover.

Briefly/in short/in brief: briefly to announce that you are about to describe a situation without going into detail. In short introduce a summarising statement of only on sentence. In brief can be used both to describe a situation and to introduce a summary. (Shortly: adverb meaning soon)

By contrast/in contrast: for contrasting two statements. By contrast occur initially, while in contrast occur either initially or following the subject.

"Surprisingly, prices in most European countries have fallen over the last three years. By contrast, prices in Britain have risen by a staggering 15%"

"England and Wales have very few mountains over 3,000 feet. Scotland, in contrast, has over three hundred of them."

Consequently: stress that there is a very good reason to deduce one thing from another.

Considering that: show that you are taking a situation into account when making a judgement. Similar expression : given.

Contrary to: indicating contradiction. It's restricted to beliefs and opinions. "Contrary to popular belief" "contrary to what most people think" "contrary to what is often assumed"

First, second /firstly, secondly : both used to introduce a list of arguments or considerations. BUT in a series of temporal events you can only use first, preferably followed by then or next rather than second. You cannot use firstly

For: formal conjunction to offer an explanation or a justification. Always separe the subclause with for from the main clause by a comma

Furthermore/moreover/what is more: moreover introduce a more important argument. What is more is similar to moreover.

However/nevertheless: followed by a comma. Yet no.

On the contrary: has a very specific meaning. "I have just said that something is not the case; I am now going to say that in fact the opposite is true. "

Similarly/likewise: you are about to describe something very similar to what you described in the previous sentence. They create a strong link between ideas.

So: informal. Alternatives: consequently, therefore.

Therefore: no comma. Go after auxiliary have or be

While/whilst/whereas: whilst more formal than while. While and whilst used to express a relation in time, or a constrative sense, similar to whereas. Whereas shows a stronger contrast than while. "Whereas, for children who are less academically-minded,..."

Yet:no comma. similar to however and nevertheless, and but, but has also an additional interpretation : what it follows is seen as surprising given what has gone before (ha la tosse, tuttavia continua a fumare). Can co-occur with and: "unemployment has fallen by 10% and yet the public remains skeptical about reports of economic revival."

The firm was accommodating the costumers on the one hand, and making aggressive demands on the other.

John had great difficulty playing cricket. On the other hand, he was an awfully good rugby player

She's such a difficult girl to please where men are concerned.

We have rather a poor record as far as racial relationships are concerned.

He refused to answer questions concerning/with regard to his private life

His position regarding the report had been misunderstood.

As to/as for the cause, how would I know?

As it's Sunny, I'll go for a walk

Since you ask, I'll tell you

Because of the rise in prices,.....

The trouble was all due to his bad behaviour

We haven't access to the network. I think as a result a lot of options are denied us

Profits have declined as a result of a drop in sales

Stress the very big difference between two things: much

"Russia Is much bigger than Singapore"

"Cornell had a much higher acceptance rate than..."

Least e less: uncountable nouns

"They spend the least time in Canada"

Fewest and fewer: countable nouns

"They spent fewest days in Canada"

Over time: gradually, col tempo, gradualmente, nel tempo

Hanno viaggiato meno della metà delle miglia nell'anno 25

Men travelled greater distances than women

The trend was for people to cycle fewer and fewer miles

The youngest travelled less than all other age groups

Girls aged 11-17 cycled less than half as many miles by year 25

The only group who cycled further/farther (ulteriormente, to a greater extent,, nel senso aumentato) were....

Towards the end of the period

They cycled twice the number of miles compared to...

Women cycled far fewer miles than men

Distances cycled by women were not nearly as great as those cycled by men

Boys cycled about four times as far as girls

To begin with

Following this (a seguire/come secondo valore)

At first glance we can see that

Equal Number

La maggior parte di, buona parte di

"The bulk of electricity..."