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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the competing processes that determine genome size?
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Tolerance of junk DNA (transposons, pseudogenes). High tolerance = growth of genome. Gene duplications. Large deletions cause smaller genomes. Dros have low tolerance and large deletions.
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RNAi pathway
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ds RNA recognized by Dicer and cleaved into short pieces, pieces are recognized by RISC which cleaves them into individual base pieces
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RNA-importer protein
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In nematodes, vertebrates, insects except Dros. Facilitates uptake of ds RNA
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RNA-mediated RNA-polymerase
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In nematodes and vertebrates, missing in insects so RNAi less effective. Can spread RNAi effect through some animals
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RNAi in genome defense
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Knock down RNAi with RNAi = transposons go crazy and some viruses are lethal
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Piwi proteins and piRNAs
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RISC-like proteins, mediate suppression of transposon expression and activity in germline, piRNA sometimes controlled by P insert near X telomere
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microRNAs
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Short transcripts that fold into perfect or imperfect hairpin structures that are recognized by dicer. 2 pathways: perfect match = RNAi pathway, small mismatch = inhibit translation by binding to mRNA 3' UTR
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