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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
IAP |
Instrument Approach Procedure |
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SIDs |
Standard Instrument Departures |
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STARs |
Standard Arrival Routes |
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VOR |
VHF Omnidirectional Range |
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DME |
Distance Measuring Equipment |
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GPS |
Global Positioning System |
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ILS |
Instrument Landing System (Precision Approach) Both Lateral & Vertical Guidance An electronic system that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a specific runway used to execute a precision instrument approach procedure. The course width is between 3 and 6 degrees. |
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LOC |
Localizer (Non-Precision Approach) Lateral Guidance Only The portion of the ILS that gives left/right guidance information down the centerline of the instrument runway for final approach. |
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Visual Approach |
An approach to landing under visual conditions. |
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MAP |
Missed Approach Point A point prescribed in each instrument approach at which a missed approach required visual reference has not been established. |
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IFR |
Instrument Flight Rules |
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IMC |
Instrument Meteorological Conditions |
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AC |
Advisory Circular |
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AD |
Airworthiness Directive |
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ADF |
Automatic Direction Finder |
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A/FD |
Airport/Facility Directory |
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AHRS |
Altitude and Heading Reference System |
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ARTCC |
Air Route Traffic Control Centers |
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ATIS |
Automatic Terminal Information Service |
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ATS |
Air Traffic Service |
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AWBS |
Aviation Weather Briefing Service |
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AWOS |
Automated Weather Observation System |
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CTAF |
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency |
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DUATS |
Direct User Access Terminal Service |
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ELT |
Emergency Locator Transmitter |
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FAF |
Final Approach Fix The fix from which the IFR final approach to an airport is executed, which identifies the beginning of the final approach segment. |
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FAP |
Final Approach Point |
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FIKI |
Flight Into Known Icing |
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G/A or GA |
Go Around |
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GP |
Glide Path |
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G/S |
Glideslope The portion of the ILS approach which gives horizontal guidance down to the threshold of the instrument runway for final approach. |
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HIRL |
High Intensity Runway Lighting |
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IAC |
Instrument Approach Chart |
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IAF |
Instrument Approach Fix The fixes depicted on IAP charts that identify the beginning of the initial approach segment. |
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IF |
Intermediate Approach Fix |
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IFP |
Instrument Flight Procedure |
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LNAV |
Lateral Navigation |
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LPV |
Localizer Performance w/ Vertical Guidance |
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MDA |
Minimum Decent Altitude (Non-Precision Approach) The lowest altitude (in feet MSL) to which descent is authorized in execution of a nonprecision IAP. |
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MDH |
Minimum Descent Height |
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MEA |
Minimum Enroute Altitude The lowest published altitude between radio fixes that ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes. |
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MEF |
Maximum Elevation Figure |
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MEL |
Minimum Equipment List |
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METAR |
Meteorological Aerodrome Report |
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NDB |
Non-Directional Beacon |
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NOTAM |
Notice to Airmen |
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NPA |
Non-Precision Approach |
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OBS |
Omni-Bearing Selector |
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PAPI |
Precision Approach Path Indicator |
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PAR |
Precision Approach Radar |
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PIREP |
Pilot Report |
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SIGMET |
Significant Meteorological Information |
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TAF |
Terminal Area Forcast |
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TDZ |
Touch Down Zone |
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TFR |
Temporary Flight Restriction |
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VASI |
Visual Approach Slope Indicator |
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VMC |
Visual meteorological Conditions |
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VNAV |
Vertical Navigation |
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PA |
Precision Approach An instrument approach in which both course and glide slope information is provided. |
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APV |
Approach w/ Vertical Guidance |
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NPA |
Non-Precision Approach |
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DH |
Decision Height (Precision Approach) A specified altitude in the precision approach, charted in ‘height above threshold elevation’, at which decision must be made to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approach. |
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WAAS |
Wide Area Augmentation System |
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CDI |
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HSI |
Horizontal Situation Indicator |
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TDZE |
Touch Down Zone Elevation The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface, TDZE is indicated on the IAP chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized. |
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ALS |
Approach Landing System |
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IM |
Inner Marker |
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VGSI |
Visual Glide Slope Indicator |
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MOCA |
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 25 statute (22 nautical) miles of a VOR. |
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MRA |
Minimum Reception Altitude The lowest altitude at which an airway intersection can be determined. |
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MCA |
Minimum Crossing Altitude The lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher MEA. |
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MAA |
Maximum Authorized Altitude A published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or FL for an airspace structure or route segment. |
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MSA |
Minimum Safe Altitude The minimum altitude depicted on approach charts which provides at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance for emergency use within a specified distance from the listed navigation facility or waypoint. |
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ORCA |
Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude Provides obstruction clearance with a 1,000 foot buffer in non-mountainous terrain areas and a 2,000 foot buffer in designated mountainous areas within the United States . Might not provide signal coverage from ground-based navigational aids, ATC radar, or communications coverage. |
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MVA |
Minimum Vectoring Altitude Lowest MSL altitude at which an IFR aircraft can be vectored by a radar controller except as otherwise authorized for radar approaches, departures, and missed approaches. Meets IFR obstacle clearance criteria and may be lower than the published MEA along an airway. May be used for vectoring only upon controller’s determination that an adequate radar return is being received from the aircraft being controlled. Not charted for pilots, is typically only available to controllers. |
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Procedure Turn |
The maneuver prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction to establish an aircraft on the intermediate approach segment or final approach course. |
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NoPT |
No Procedure Turn Used with the appropriate course and altitude to denote the procedure turn is not required. |
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RVR |
Runway Visual Range The instrumentally-derived horizontal distance a pilot should be able to see down the runway from the approach end, based on either the sighting of high-intensity runway lights, or the visual contrast of other objects. |
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Alternate Airport |
Designated in an IFR flight plan, provides a suitable destination if a landing at the intended airport becomes inadequate. |
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Clearance Void Time |
Used by ATC to advise an aircraft that the departure clearance is automatically canceled if takeoff is not made prior to a specified time. The pilot must obtain a new clearance or cancel the IFR flight plan if not off by the specified time. |
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Clearance |
Allows an aircraft to proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace, for the purpose of providing separation between known aircraft. |
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Cruise Clearance |
Used in an ATC clearance to allow a pilot to conduct flight at any altitude from the minimum IFR altitude up to and including the altitude specified in the clearance. Also authorizes a pilot to proceed to and make an approach at the destination airport. |
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Clearance Delivery |
Control tower position responsible for transmitting departure clearances to IFR flights. |
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DP |
Departure Procedure Preplanned IFR ATC departure/obstacle avoidance procedures, published for pilot use in textual and graphic format. |
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Glide-slope Intercept Altitude |
The minimum altitude of an intermediate approach segment prescribed for a precision approach that ensures obstacle clearance. |
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Stepdown Fix |
Permits additional descent within a segment of an IAP by identifying a point at which an obstacle has been safely overflown. |
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Compass Locator |
A low-power low- or medium-frequency radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker of an ILS. |
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Holding |
A predetermined maneuver that keeps aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance from ATC. |
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Standard Holding Pattern |
A holding pattern in which all turns are made to the right. |
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DA |
Decision Altitude A specified altitude in the precision approach, charted in ‘feel MSL’, at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established. |
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Circling Approach |
A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in-landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable. |
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Precipitation Static |
A form of radio interference caused by rain, snow, or dust particles hitting the antenna and inducing a small radio-frequency voltage into it. |
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St. Elmo’s Fire |
A corona discharge that lights up the aircraft surface areas where maximum static discharge occurs. |
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OM |
Outer Marker VHF marker beacon used in the ILS. When the NDB compass locator is co-located with an OM , it is shown as LOM on instrument approach charts. |
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MM |
Middle Marker VHF marker beacon used in the ILS. When the NDB compass locator is co-located with an MM, it is shown as LMM on instrument approach charts. |
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SDF Approach |
Approach that provides final approach course similar to the ILS localizer, but may or may not be aligned with the runway and the course may be wider than the standard ILS localizer, resulting in less precision. The course with of the SDF signal emitted from the transmitter is fixed at either 6 degrees or 12 degrees as necessary to provide maximum flyability and optimum approach course quality. |
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LDA |
Localizer Type Direction Aid Approach The LDA approach is of comparable utility and accuracy to a localizer but is not a part of a complete ILS. The LDA course width is between 3 and 6 degrees and thus provides a more precise approach than an SDF approach. |
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Federal Airways |
Class E airspace areas that extend upward from 1,200 ft. to, but not including, 18,000 ft. MSL, unless otherwise specified. |
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Victor Airways |
The VOR airways are predicated solely on VOR and VORTAC navigation aids, they are depicted in blue on aeronautical charts. |
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Hi to Low, Look out Below |
As temperature or pressure altitude decreases, the altimeter will read higher than the actual flight level you are at. EG: A change from 30.00” hg to 29.90” hg will result in a 100 ft. change in altitude. If your altimeter read 3000 ft. msl . at 30.00” hg you would actually be flying at 2900 ft. msl. |
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Standard Rate Turn |
3 degrees per second or 2 minutes for a full 360-degree turn. |
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RB |
Relative Bearing The number of degrees measured clockwise between the heading of the aircraft and the direction from which the bearing is taken. |
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MH |
Magnetic Heading The direction an aircraft is pointed with respect to magnetic north. |
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MB |
Magnetic Bearing The direction to or from a radio transmitting station measured relative to magnetic north. |
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Homing |
Flying an aircraft on any heading required to keep the needle pointing directly at the 0 degree relative bearing position toward a navigational facility. |
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Tracking |
Flying a bearing that will maintain the desired track to or from a station regardless of crosswind conditions. |
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WCA |
Wind Correction Angle Angle between the desired track and the heading necessary to keep an aircraft on the desired track. |
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Reverse Sensing |
When the VOR needle indicates the reverse of normal operation. This occurs when the aircraft is headed toward the station with a FROM indication or when the aircraft is headed away from the station with a TO indication. |
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Permitted Aircraft Speed per Altitude |
HMA - 6000ft 200 KIAS 6001 - 14000ft 230 KIAS 14001 and Above 265 KIAS |
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Aircraft Approach Categories |
Category A Speed less than 91 KIAS Category B Speed 91 - 121 KIAS Category C Speed 121 - 141 KIAS Category D Speed 141 - 166 KIAS Category E Speed 166 and Above |
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REIL |
Runway End Identifier Lights |
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MALSR |
Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System With Runway Alignment Indicator Lights |
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Flight Categories |
VFR: Ceiling greater than 3000 feet and visibility greater than 5 miles (includes sky clear) Marginal VFR (MVFR): Ceilings 1,000 to 3,000 feet and/or visibility is 3-5 miles inclusive Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): Ceilings 500 to less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility 1 to less than 3 miles Low Instrument Flight Rules (LIFR): Ceilings are less than 500 feet and/or visibility is less than 1 mile |