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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
According to Entwistle, which model asserts that All truth is Gods truth?
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Allies
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What is one difference between Entwistles Spies model and his Colonialists model regarding theology?
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Colonialists differ from the domestic resident version of the Spies paradigm in that they adhere to a conservative or orthodox Christian theological system rather than a liberal, neo-orthodox, or more broadly religious position
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colonialist sees psychology as valuable
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spies see it is foreign soil that has not been worked
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Which of Entwistles models emphasizes Gods Word over Gods Works?
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Colonialists
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Allies model. The integration of psychology and Christianity is a multifaceted attempt to discern the underlying truths about the nature and functioning of human beings
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from the unique vantage points of psychology (in its various sub-disciplines, utilizing diverse methodologies) and Christianity (in theology, faith, and practice).
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According to Entwistle, an epistemological assumption made by the Enemies model (Christian Combatants version) is that
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1) Psychology and religion (Christianity) are fundamentally incompatible.
2) Rejection and Eradication. 3) Nouthetic Counseling—people are not sick but sinful, the use of psychology is idolatrous, the care of the soul belongs solely to the church, Scripture is sufficient for all psychological needs. |
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Many who subscribe to the Enemies model (Christian Combatants version) believe that counseling is the churchs responsibility and should not be done by
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Psychiatrist or Psychologists
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Psychology and theology both use this methodology in their disciplines
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Rational Inquiry
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According to Entwistle, an integration problem for both scientists and theologians is
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Scientists have only marginal knowledge of theology and Theologians have minimal knowledge of science so there is a need for integration enthusiasts to develop a dual-disciplinary expertise
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Psychology highlights the awareness of multiple determinants of behavior (genetics, social environment, reinforcement history, etc.). This might help us understand why one individual struggles with certain sins while the same sins are not tempting for another individual.
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ALLIES
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According to Entwistle, the most significant principle that allows for dialogue and interaction between psychology and theology is
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The Unity of Truth
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Imagine that Albert Ellis has a recent conversion experience which radically changes his outlook on religion. Even though he now believes that religion is a valuable area of study, yet he also thinks that both psychology and religion need to remain separate fields of academic discipline.
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NEUTRAL PARTY model
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A worldview according to Entwistle is
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A WINDOW through which he or she views the world, framed by the assumptions and beliefs that color what he or she sees. Worldviews shape how we understand our experience in the world and reflect our expectations about life.
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Entwistle writes that C.S. Lewis addressed the issue of supernaturalism and science in his book Miracles.
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Know how Lewis viewed this phenomenon.
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Lewis argued that the ability to identify something as a miracle actually depends on knowledge of the normal rules of nature precisely because the miraculous does not fit the normal and expected pattern.
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In his view, a miracle is not something that breaks the rules of nature, but it is an intervention by which something new is introduced into nature, which nature then accommodates.
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Millard Erikson, according to Entwistle, observed that there are three general views of the character of imago Dei.
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1) Substantive
2) Relational 3) Functional |
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1) Substantive view of imago Dei
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image reflects a particular divine quality.
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2) Relational view of imago Dei
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human relatedness reflects divine relatedness within the Trinity.
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3) Functional view of imago Dei
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human beings are God's representatives to rule over creation, not by usurping His rule, but cultivating the physical and social world with creativity and justice
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According to Entwistle, the Enemies model of integration (Christian Combatants subtype) asserts that
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Christians opposed to any integration of scientific and philosophical psychology with Christian counseling. Scripture stands above creation as an area for exploration and learning
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According to Entwistle, the Enemies model of integration (Secular Combatants subtype) asserts that
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Scientific thinking is incompatible with religious belief
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According to Entwistle, the Neutral Parties model (Levels of Explanation model) asserts that
1) Live and let live. 2) Levels of Explanation Model 3) Parallels Model |
4) Pastors handle spiritual problems and mental health professionals handle emotional problems.
5) Religious or Christian commitments of these scientists/counselors are compartmentalized. |
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Entwistle mentions five KEYS to a Christian Theocentric worldview
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1) Unity of truth grounded in transcendent God who created orderly world.
2) Human capacities are God-given; guided by intellectual virtues; result is adoring God. |
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3) Reality is holistic unity: physical, psychological, social, trans phenomena
4) Human finitude, frailty, individual, & corp effects of sin, recognized as limiting the pursuit of knowledge |
5) Various means of epistemic inquiry are recognized as means of evaluating truth claims. Each has unique strengths, limitations, applications that make them relevant to different forms of epistemic application.
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The five MODELS of integration discussed by Entwistle are
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1) Enemies
2) Spies 3) Colonialists 4) Neutral 5) Allies |
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1) Enemies
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Christianity and psychology don't mesh
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2) Spies
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each side accepts a tiny bit of the other.
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3) Colonialists
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take more from the other side, but they take over and change the info to suit them.
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4) Neutral
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integration not necessary. Use them separately.
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5) Allies
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Integrate Christianity and Psychology.
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Know which of the Entwistle models best describes the approach of Liberty University's graduate counseling program
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ALLIES
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According to Entwistle, what model is based on the belief that psychology and theology/Christianity are mutually exclusive and incompatible with each other
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Enemies
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According to Entwistle, there are two versions of the Enemies model.
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The Secular combatants are antagonistic toward religious belief whereas the Christian combatants see psychology as the enemy
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According to Entwistle, there are two types of Spies
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1) Foreigners, i.e. psychologists who seek to identify religious elements that have psychological benefits.
2) Domestic Residents, i.e. those who practice a watered-down religion and are interested in proclaiming its psychological benefits |
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According to Entwistle, the Colonialists model filters
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isolated psychological findings through proof-texts or worldview; accepts or rejects findings without engaging discipline or methods of psychology.
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According to Entwistle, in the ALLIES model
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psychological and theological methods are utilized to gain a more holistic and unified understanding of truth.
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Freud, Ellis, and Maslow were antagonistic toward religion. As such, they are examples of which subset of Entwistles Enemies model?
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SECULAR COMBATANTS
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According to Entwistle, Jay Adams and John MacArthur are antagonistic toward psychology. As such, they are examples of which subset of Entwistles Enemies model?
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Christian COMBATANTS
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According to Entwistle, the neutral parties model views psychology and theology as distinct and not interacting that can be carried out through psychological neutrality and Christian neutrality. Know the names of the people included in the psychological neutrality group.
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1) ALLPORT,
2) PECK 3) MOORE |
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According to Entwistle, the neutral parties model views psychology and theology as distinct and not interacting that can be carried through psychological neutrality and Christian neutrality. Know the names of the people included in the Christian neutrality group.
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1) Carter
2) Naramore 3) Clement. 4) David myers, 5) Malcom Jeeves- The Sacred parallel Approach |
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According to Entwistle, when a Christian counselor is seeking to integrate psychology and theology in order to help a couple deal with marital conflict in a counseling session
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the Christian counselor is practicing ALLIED INTEGRATION
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McMinn believes Christian counseling should primarily focus on
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Empirically validated Christian counseling model of personality, mental health, and therapy
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According to McMinn, this foundational competence for integration is insufficiently emphasized in most Christian counseling programs
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Spirituality and the process of spiritual formation
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Study and know well McMinns personal and professional challenges facing Christian counselors
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1) Moving from two areas of competence to three.
2) Blurred personal-professional distinctions. 3) Expanding definitions of training. 4) Confronting dominant views. 5) Establishing a scientific base and Defining relevant ethical standards. |
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According to McMinn, in order for integration to move beyond the limitations of current scholarly conceptual models to more applied models that can be used in the counseling room, the Christian counselor must better understand
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Spirituality and the process of spiritual formation
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What is McMinns view of the relationship between Christian counseling models and the scientific method?
1) Christian counselors act as if their methods are validated or they dont need to be. 2) this view is dangerous and alienates Christian counselors from their colleagues. |
3) to be understood, we must use language of science.
4) must scientifically demonstrate their unique interventions & their effectiveness. 5) Research Evidence for Christian techniques is sparse/needs to be validated. |
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McMinn believes there is a healing motif written throughout the narrative of human history that reflects a common pattern to healing and health. Know this healing motif.
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Self-sufficiency leads to brokenness which draws into community with God and one another.
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McMinn compares the apostle Paul and the Fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23) to which psychologist and his theory?
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Abraham Maslow
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The elements in McMinns pattern for healing.
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1) Accurate sense of self,
2) accurate awareness of need, 3) healing relationships |
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Know McMinns theoretical map for spiritual and psychological health.
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Cognitive Therapy.
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The examples of faulty healing relationships proposed by McMinn.
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1) splitting,
2) dependence, 3) exploitation. |
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McMinn uses what term to describe a counselor who is able to consider simultaneously: psychology, theology, and spirituality.
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Multi-tasking
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McMinn describes five ways to confront a client.
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1) Pondering,
2) Questioning, 3) Silence, 4) Direct Censure, 5) Not Confronting |
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According to McMinn, effective counseling requires an ongoing assessment of three areas.
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1) goals,
2) the client, 3) of the counselor |
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Know the examples given by McMinn of a faulty awareness of need.
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1) victim role,
2) bitterness, 3) cynicism, 4) helplessness. |
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According to a chart that McMinn designed, there were several examples of a faulty sense of self.
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1) self-absorption,
2) self-hate, 3) lack of self-restraint. |
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The seven different types of prayer in counseling suggested by McMinn.
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1) praying for clients outside of sessions,
2) silently praying for clients during the sessions, 3) devotional mediation outside sessions, 4) Devotional mediation during sessions, 5) Training with in-session prayer and homework, 6) occasional in-session prayer, 7) routine in-session prayer |
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When faced with the reality of fallen human nature, McMinn believes we are left with three choices.
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1) do nothing, to stand paralyzed in a state of shame and proclaim our worthlessness.
2) to confess our fallen nature, find ways of making restitution when appropriate, accept forgiveness, and be restored to healthy relationships. 3) seek comfort through means other than confession. |
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Know the Reasons for Forgiveness Scale.
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1) Forgiveness helps me get on with my life. Otherwise I would think about it all the time.
2) I want to keep peace in our relationship. 3) I understand why he/she did it (going through a rough time, |
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McMinn notes that two authors argued positions that appeared almost identical; however, they were diametrically opposed
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Albert Ellis argued that the concept of sin is the cause of virtually all psychopathology.
Jay Adams argued that sin is the cause of virtually all psychopathology |
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McMinn cites research by Whiston and Sexton that reported one of the best indicators of success in psychotherapy is
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a strong therapeutic relationship
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McMinn notes that Dr. Eric Johnson suggests ways the Bible can influence Christian Counselors. Which term refers to giving us standards for what should be?
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Axiological role
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Dr. Eric Johnson suggests the Bible can influence Christian Counselors.
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1) Experiential role
2) foundational role. 3) contextual role 4) axiological role 5) anthropological role 6) canonical role 7) dialogical role 8) creative role |
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1) Experiential role
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providing a resource for wisdom and personal maturity.
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2) foundational role
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providing common starting point for our basic beliefs.
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3) contextual role
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allowing us to understand human nature, meaning of life.
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4) axiological role
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giving us standards for what we should be.
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5) anthropological role
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providing awareness of historical narrative of human sin and divine redemption.
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6) canonical role
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unchanging standard of truth.
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7) dialogical role
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resources for discussion.
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8) creative role
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allowing us to consider and explore concepts from psychological worldview.
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McMinn believes that Christian counselors who are best prepared to help people are
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those not only highly trained in counseling theory and techniques and in theology but also personally trained to reflect Christian character inside and outside of the counseling office.
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