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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The normativity of realism
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"The timeless wisdom of realism" (Buzan)
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We give meaning to the world, and this affects the way we see it
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“Social phenomena do not exist independently of our interpretation of them" (Marsh and Furlong, 2010)
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Positivist method
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“Scientific success is not the attainment of an objective truth, but the attainment of wider agreement on descriptive facts and causal relationships, based on transparent and replicable methods” (Keohane, 1998)
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Feminist/post-positive method
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What makes feminist research unique is that it challenges "the androcentric or masculine biases in the way that knowledge has traditionally been constructed in all the disciplines” (Tickner, 2006)
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Critique of positivism
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Moral questions in international relations cannot be resolved by facts alone (Halliday)
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Christian realism doctrine
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“the children of light must possess the wisdom of the children of darkness without being corrupted by their malice” (Niebuhr)
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According to realism, the circumstances for the greatest chance of war
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The greatest danger of war is during a power transition period (Gilpin and Organski)
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Theory that influenced early liberalism
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Pluralism an early influence on NL- due to the multitude of international actors (Sterling-Folker)
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Growth in international institutions
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From less than 200 in 1945 to more than 3000 today (Willets, 2011)
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Aspects of institutional design
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Allow for bargaining and socialisation
Defection Autonomy (Sterling-Folker) |
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The real test for neorealism and neoliberalism
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The real test for NL and NR will be in the future of the EU and how far it deals with an anarchical world, the durability or not of the nation-state and the extent of international cooperation (Evans)
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The advantage of the EU
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It's so boring... (Moravcsik)
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Purpose of the EU
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“The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between neighbours, which culminated in the Second World War” (EU)
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Key neoliberal idea about cooperation and intertwining.
EU treaties a good example of it |
"Complex interdependence" (Keohane and Nye)
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An explanation of European integration
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Synthesis of endogenous policy formation, non-coercive interstate bargaining theory, and international regime theory (Moravcsik)
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Does defection mean a collapse in NL theory?
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No: there will always be defection; the challenge is how to deal with it. Institutions’ aim is to alleviate defection through compliance and enforcement (Sterling-Folker)
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Constructivist critique of the nation, flags etc.
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“Imagined community” (Anderson, 1983)
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Change in IR away from NR and NL
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"Constructivist turn" (Checkel, 1988)
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Constructivism and anarchy
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"Anarchy is what states make of it" (Wendt, 1992)
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What security does to politics (constructivism)
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The word security makes it a unique situation, and takes the situation above politics where more things are possible (Buzan, Wæver and de Wilde, 1998: 22)
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How Bush changed the language of terrorism to be about war
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“The deliberate and deadly attacks which were carried out yesterday against our country were more than acts of terror. They were acts of war.” (Bush, 2001)
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What changing the language of security is
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"A case of macro-securitisation" (Buzan)
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Change in status for Al Qaeda and Taliban
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"Neither members of the Al Qaeda terrorist network nor Taliban soldiers were entitled to the legal status of prisoner of war under the [Geneva Convention]" (Joseph Yoo)
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What critical theory does to other theories
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It uses the theory's own internal contradictions to criticise it on its own terms (Adorno, 1931)
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How Marxism is an action-based theory
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“Philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways. The point, however, is to change it” (Marx, 1845)
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Importance of false consciousness
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“It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness” (Marx)
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What is the state according to Marx?
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“The state is the organised power of one class for the oppression of the other” (Marx)
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Capitalism creates a situation that is ripe for revolution
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“Capitalism contains within it the seeds of its own destruction” (Marx)
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What is political power?
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“Political power…is merely the organised power of one class for oppressing another” (Marx)
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The world according to contemporary critical/social theorists
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“The world can be represented as a pattern of interacting social forces in which states play an intermediate role…power is seen as emerging from social forces” (Cox)
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Critique of realism
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It perceives that the state can mobilise the economy, but not that the economy is part of the whole which produces political effects independently of the agents of the state (Rosenberg)
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How the War on Terror is part of the Bush doctrine in which the US capitalist model in unquestioned
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“We will actively work to bring the hope of democracy, development, free markets, and free trade to every corner of the globe” (White House, 2002)
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Postcolonial critique of Kant
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Grovogui: Kant’s omission of such an important institution as slavery from his moral thought diminishes the ideas of republicanism and cosmopolitanism
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Postcolonial critique of L and NL
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“Liberal and neoliberal institutionalist discourses often appear as rationalisations of hegemony disguised as universal humanism” (Grovogui)
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