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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Channel
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*The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
-between 2 people |
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Feedback
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*A discernable response of a receiver to a sender's message
-allows for correction -can be verbal or nonverbal -Information Theory (yes and no's) -can be distorted -dated |
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Co-Cultural
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*A group within an encompassing culture with a perceived identity
ex. age, race, sex, nationality, religion, activity |
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Individualistic Culture
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*A culture in which people view their primary responsibility as helping themselves
-characterized by self-reliance in competition -U.S. is one (-vs. collectivistic culture-communicators feel loyalties and obligations to an in-group (ex. family, jobs, organizations)-more attentive to opinions of significant others) |
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Cognitive Complexity
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*The ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue
-ex. friend seems angry with you-possible explanations: offended by something you've done, something has happened in another part of their life, or nothing is wrong and you are being overly sensitive |
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Transactional Model
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*The dynamic process in which communicators create meaning together through interaction
-noise -feedback -symbols-verbal and nonverbal-all that can be sent and received-have to be interpreted -channel -perceptions |
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Ethnocentrism
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*An attitude that one's own culture is superior to that of others
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Prejudice
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*An unfairly biased and intolerant attitude toward others who belong to an out-group
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Computer Mediated Communication
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*CMC-Communication that occurs via computerized channels (ex. e-mail, instant messaging, computer conferencing)
-nonverbal messages cannot be seen-lack of richness |
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Noise
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*External, physiological, and psychological distractions that interfere with the accurate transmission and reception of a message
-interrupts the channel |
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Out Groups/In Groups
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*Out group-a group that an individual sees as different from herself or himself
*In group-a group with which an individual identifies herself or himself |
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Achievement Culture
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*A culture that places a high value on the achievement of material success and a focus on the task at hand (aka masculine culture)
-vs nurturing culture-cultures in which the support of relationships is an important goal -U.S. is a mixture |
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Self
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-who you are
-tells you to communicate in "this" way |
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Cognitive Conservatism
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*The tendency to seek out information that conforms to an existing self-concept and to ignore information that contradicts it
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Self-fulfilling prophecies
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*The causal relationship that occurs when a person's expectations of an event and her or his subsequent behavior based on those expectations make the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true
-in order for an event to be positive, you have to believe it will be |
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Empathy
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*The ability to project oneself into another person's point of view in an attempt to experience the other's thoughts and feelings
-used to form relationships -perceptual check-do i understand why people do the things they do (is the empathy correct) -when you show a person empathy-you are valuing them as a human being -helps someone else (not own benefit) therefore you have to reach out to the other-takes commitment -can increase their self-image |
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Stereotyping
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*Exaggerated beliefs associated with a categorizing system
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Identity Management
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*The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them
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Perception Checking
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*A three-part method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations, including a description of the sense data, two possible interpretations, and a request for confirmation of the interpretations
-check perceptions for stereotypes and prejudices (we tend to organize our perceptions into a whole) |
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first order realities
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*The physically observable qualities of a thing or situation
-perceivable -see, hear, taste, smell, and feel (vs. second order realities-perceptions that arise from attaching meaning to first order things or situations; reasoning) |
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self-concept
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*The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds of herself or himself (defined by you)
-idea you have of yourself (you create it yourself) -often we don't recognize how we feel about somethings -presenting image (facework) -subjective-you see yourself in a variety of ways -distorted feedback can distort your self-concept -in order to change your self-concept: -requires effort -need outside help (professionals or someone you trust) -have to want/desire change -risk involved in using outside help |
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self-disclosure
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*The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by others
-should be of your choosing -how much you are willing to disclose depends on the situation and relationship -done through verbal and nonverbal communication |
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Johari Window
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*A model that describes the relationship between self-disclosure and self-awareness
-open-everyone knows it -blind-others know it about you but you dont -hidden-you know it but others dont -unknown-unknown to everyone-usually shrinks if asked the right questions -you determine what others know about you -what you decide to disclose is dependent on the relationship with the person |
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gender
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*Psychological sex-type
-cultural-the way it has been over time -androgynous-possessing both masculine and feminine traits (psychological)-plays both roles (male and female roles are often stereotypical) -women and men judge the same behavior differently |
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standpoint theory
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*A body of scholarship that explores how one's position in a society shapes one's view of society in general and of specific individuals
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perceived self
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*The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of honesty. It may be identical with or different from the presenting and desired selves
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significant other
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*A person whose opinion is important enough to affect one's self-concept strongly
-could be parents, teacher, coach, spouse, etc. |
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attribution theory
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*The process of attaching meaning to another person's behavior
-your explanation of the others behavior |
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halo effect
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*The tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
-often physical (can be intellectual) -first impresssion -can be negative |