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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This group wanted to discover the basic elements of mental experience.
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Structuralists
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This group thought that understanding the mind meant understanding what the mind accomplished.
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Functionalists
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This group explained behavior in terms of learned responses to predictable patterns.
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Behaviorists
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This group gives rewards and punishments.
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Humanists
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Randomness allows groups to form with respect to the ___.
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Dependent variable
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The simplest cell is the ___.
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Neuron
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According to this, threshold increases in proportion to the intensity of stimuli.
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Weber's Law
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The idea that the behavior of people who are hypnotized is controlled by normal processes is part of the theory that says hypnosis entails ___.
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Role playing
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On this schedule, a rat might receive a pellet of food for every sixth lever pressed.
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Fixed ratio schedule
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On this schedule, the average number of presses required for food would be six.
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Variable ratio schedule
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On this schedule, a food reinforcer would be delivered, say six seconds after the last.
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Fixed interval schedule
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On this schedule, the amount of time between getting a reinforcer and the next keeps changing.
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Variable intervel schedule
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The ability to learn by watching what happens to models.
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Vicariously
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Explains behavior in terms of factors inside a person.
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Dispositional attributions
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Nerves carried by the dorsal root which relay sensory impulses to the central nervous system.
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Afferent nerves
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Loss of the ability to express linguistic communications, resulting from cerebral damage.
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Aphasia
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A reflex present in the newborn child.
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Babinski reflex
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A theory of emotion that holds that bodily reaction and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
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Cannon-Bard theory
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A form of learning in which an originally neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with a reinforcer elicits a response.
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Classical conditioning
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An uncomfortable psychological conflict between beliefs and behavior.
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Cognitive dissonance
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The extent to which a particular item in a test is a true measure of some abstract trait that can only be verified indirectly.
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Construct validity
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A neurotic reaction which reduces anxiety by inactivation of part of the body.
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Conversion reaction
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Intelligence used in the application of already-learned materials which is usually considered to be rigid or unchanging.
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Crystallized intelligence
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Relative anonymity of individual characteristics and identifications in certain social situations such as mobs or crowds.
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Deindividuation
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Theory of what causes schizophrenia.
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Diathesis-stress theory
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Guilford's term for the type of thinking that produces several different solutions for a problem.
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Divergent thinking
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Information stored briefly as an auditory image of a stimulus.
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Echoic memory
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Photographic memory.
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Eidetic imagery
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Intelligence that can adjust to new situations.
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Fluid intelligence
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The tendency, when rating an individual on one characteristic, to be influenced by another characteristic of his personality.
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Halo effect
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The effect on subjects' performance attributable to their knowledge that they are serving as experimental subjects or being treated in a special manner.
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Hawthorne effect
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A monocular depth cue in which one object appears closer to the viewer because it is partially blocks the view of another object.
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Interposition
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A theory proposing that emotion-producing stimuli generate physical reactions, which are perceived as felt emotions.
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James-Lange theory of emotions
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The outer of the three bones in the middle ear that transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the cochlea. "Hammer"
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Malleus
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The lowest and most posterior part of the brain, which is connected to the spinal cord.
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Medulla
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A type of learning involving an increase in the probability of a response occuring as a result of the reinforcement.
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Operant conditioning
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Three tiny bones in the middle ear which transmit the sound vibrations from the eardrum.
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Ossicles
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Contains the somatic and autonomic systems.
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Peripheral nervous system
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The smallest unit of sound that has meaning in the language.
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Phoneme
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Time interval, usually following a response, during which almost no stimulus will produce another response.
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Refractory period
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Phenomenon in which the mere presence of other persons increases individual performance.
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Social facilitation
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A defense mechanism in which an acceptable activity is substituted for an unacceptable activity.
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Sublimation
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The notion that the mind is initially a "blank tablet" to be inscribed upon by experience.
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Tabula rasa
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A relatively unique pattern in behavior.
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Trait
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The assumption that the form of expression in a language directs the form of thought processes that develop.
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Whorfian hypothesis
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A statement that performance is a curvilinear function of arousal or motivation.
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Yerkes-Dodson law
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Theory of color vision, holding that there are 3 kinds of color receptors, and that any color experience involves a combination of these.
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Young-Helmholtz theory
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Involves transforming one form of energy into another form of energy.
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Transduction
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Neurotransmitters are stored in ___ on the neuron's axon where they're released to signal adjacent cells.
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Terminal buttons
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A perceptual illusion, in which a disembodied perception of motion is produced by a succession of still images.
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Phi phenomenon
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Procedural memory.
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Implicit memory
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Involves being aware of what you know.
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Explicit or declarative memory
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Orientation involving self interest, obedience, and punishment.
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Pre-conventional
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Orientation involving accord, conformity, and authority maintaining.
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Conventional
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Orientation involving social contract and ethics.
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Post-conventional
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These effects have been demonstrated to exaggerate the inclinations of group members after a discussion.
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Group polarization
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The expression, happiness depends on doing better than we think other people are doing.
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Relative-deprivation principle.
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