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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arrival of Islam in India
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groups from central Asia moved through northern passes of the Hindu Kush
1000 C.E. began arrival by 1200 C.E Islamic dynasties (sultanates) ruled portions of northern India from Delhi |
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Delhi
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Islamic capital of India
became great center for art/ architecture Muslim traditions of Central Asia+ Persia blended w/ India |
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Mughals
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early 16th century group of Turco-Mongol-Sunnis
-descended from Tamerlane and Ghengis Khan led by Babur (1526-30) established northern India empire capitals @ Delhi + Agra |
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Mughal Expulsion
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expelled 1540-55
took refuge in Tabriz, Persia during court of Shah Tahmasp as he closes his artists workshop |
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Mughal reconquering of India
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reconquered w/ Tahmasps help
returned w/ Persian manuscripts/ unemployed artists |
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Reign of Akbar
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1556-1605
Indo-Islamic style of manuscript illumination emerged |
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Akbar's School of Painting
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Akbar studied Persian art/ culture as youth during exile
established school of painting in india run by Persian masters teaching Islamic/ Hindu students techniques of Persian figure painting |
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Akbarnama
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"History of Akbar's Reign"
Indian version of Persian Shahnama |
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European Art in Akbar's Mughal Court
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Euro art in addition to Persian art
art not coming from literature but actual events late 16th c. European trading posts established Akbar told artists to study Euro art/learn from it began to use Western techniques -shading -modeling -atmospheric/linear perspective on limited scale |
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Abu'l-Fazl Presenting the First Book of the "Akbarnama" to Akbar appearence
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geometric structure:
-provides framework for composition -reflects Bihzad/ Persian contemporaries individual figures: -gesture/interact -not flat/cut-out but well molded resemble painted statue -semi westernized portraits |
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Jahangir Preferring a Sufi to Kings Appearence
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Jahangir seated against cushion over large hourglass
presents book to Shaykh Husayn (the keeper of important shrine) halo behind Jahangir smiliar to ones behind Buddhas in Gupta perios |
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Lack of Harmony Between Western/ Mughal art in Jahangir Preferring a Sufi to Kings
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attempt to add secondary figures to narrative=crowding in lower left corner
upsetting balance of picture |
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Jahangir Preferring a Sufi to Kings meaning
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represents Jahangir making grand gesture in presence of powerful leaders
demonstrates reverence for spiritual life over worldly matters |
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Jahangir Preferring a Sufi to Kings people
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Ottoman ruler Timur had conquered
King James I of England (copied off english portrait) Artist self portrait |
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Shah Jahan
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father= Jahangir
-died addicted to opium wine Mughal painting began to decline under his rule |
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Mughal Tombs
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monumental tombs distinct architecture
-rows of pointed onion shaped arches -tall bulbous domes -set in large gardens -reflecting water channels Resemble tomb of Timur ( founder of Mughal dynasty) -usually non reflective sandstone Changed after the death of Shah Jahans wife |
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Taj Mahal History
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1631 Shah Jahan lost his 3rd wife Mumtaz Mahal ("light of the palace")
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Decoration in the Taj Mahal
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gleaming marble embodied "light" wife brought into Shah's world
-switched from usual sandstone decorative forms/ vegetative motifs made of semi precious inlaid stone |
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Taj Mahal builders
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34 architects, designers, artists
Ottoman Turks and Persians directed 20,000 workers at Arga materials transported by 1,000 elephants |
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Taj Mahal structure
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enter through outer southern gate
central dome=surrounded by 4 smaller domes flanked by mosque and guest house like lotus bud on reflecting pool |
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Qur'anic inscriptions in Taj Mahal
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tells it represents the throne of God over gardens of Paradise on the Day of Judgement
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Black Marble Funerary Monument for Shah Jahan
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included in original plan
never included when Jahan fell ill and died his son took over and banned art |
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Aurangzeb
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1658 took over
devout Sufi instituted orthodox Islamic law banned music and painting forced musicians and illuminators to leave Mughal traditions began to decline |
