Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Low-Volume Shock
|
(Absolute Hypovolemia) is caused by hemorrage or other major fuild loss(vomiting,diarrhea and thrid spacing due to buns,peritonitis.
|
|
High Space Shock
|
(relative hypovolemia)is cause by spinal injury,vasovagal,syncope, sepis,and certain dose overdoses.
|
|
Mechanical Shock
|
(Cardiogenic shock)also known as obstructive shock. Is caused by percardial tamponade tension pneumothorax massive pulmonany embolism or a weaken heart for and MI of contustion.
|
|
Early shock
|
loss of 15 to 25 percent of blood volume. Increase in to mild tach, pallor,narrowing of the pulse pressure and thrist along w/ weakness and possibly delayed cap refill
|
|
Late Shock
|
loss of 30 to 45 percent of blood voulme, there is hypotension, signs of hypovolemic shock. The body can no long compenstate.
Hypotension is the FRIST sign of late shock. |
|
Early shock
|
Is the a fast pulse and pallor and diaphoresis,
|
|
Late shock
|
The loss of peripheal pulses.
|
|
If pulse is present a the
Radial= Femoral= Carotid= |
80 radial
70 Femoral 60 Carotid |
|
Capillary Refill
|
if the area remains pale for longer than 2 sec.This late shock. Helpful in child not able to obtain a BP on.
|
|
Capnography
|
falling wave form maybe a incator the pt is going into a shock state.
|
|
Compensated Shock
|
Weakness,lightheadedness,
tirst pallor, Tach, Diaphoresis, Tachypnea, Decrease in urine out put, weakened peripheral pules. |
|
Decompensated Shock
|
Hypotension,
Alter mental status, Cardiac Arrest. |
|
Weakness
|
Cause of decreased blood volume
|
|
Thist
|
cause by hypovolmia low amount of fluid in the blood vessels
|
|
Pallor
|
pale,white skin color-by catecholamie-induced,vasconstriction and loss of red blood cells.
|
|
Tach
|
caused by the effects of cathecholamines,on the heart as the brain increase the activity of the sypathetic nervous system.
|
|
Diaphoresis
|
Causes by the effects of cathecholamines on sweat glands
|
|
Tachypnea
|
Increase in Resp caused by the brain in the increase of stress.
|
|
Decreased urine out put
|
caused by hypovelemia,hypoxia caused by important to remember in interfacility transfers.
|
|
Weakened Peripheral Pules
|
the "thready" pulse is the shinking of arteries. Caused by vasconstion, tach, and loss of blood.
|
|
Shock is
|
the casused by the released of cathcholamines.
|
|
Absolute shock
|
Low volume
|
|
Relative shock
|
High-space shock
|
|
Vasodilatory shock
|
IS relative shock
|
|
Cushing Syndrome
|
Pathological condition resulting from excess adrenocortical hormones. Symptoms may include change in body habits hypertension,and vulnerability to infections.
|
|
Cushing reflex
|
response to cerebral ischemia characterized by an increase in systemic blood pressure, which maintains cerebral perfusion during increased intracranial pressure.
|
|
Cushing's Triad
|
the combination of INCREASE IN B/P AND SLOW PULSE,ERRATIC REPS.To increase the intracranianl pressure.
|
|
What does Flaccid paralysis usually mean
|
A Spinal injury.
|
|
Fixed pupil means
|
no reaction to light in size of pupil response
|
|
Bilateral dilated and fixed pupils usually means
|
A Brain stem injury, high mortality rate.
|
|
Unlateral dilated and fixed pupils usually means
|
Can a suriveable injury. Still head tramua.
|
|
Rate of Breating for a child
|
Normal
15 Fast 25 |
|
Rate of Breating for a adult
|
Normal
8-10 Fast 20 |
|
Rate of Breating for a infant
|
Normal
20 Fast30 |
|
When do I HYPERVENTILATE A PT
|
W/ an GCS lower than 9,
extensor posting asymmetric pupils(or bilateral dilated and fixed GCS drops 2 or more points. |
|
Hyperventation is done at what rate
|
ventilate every 3 sec or 30 min for Adult and 2.5 sec or 25 per min,child and 2 sec or 30 per min in a infant
|
|
Concussion
|
No structural injury to the brain.
Retrograde Amnesia is a short term loss. Of memery. Repeating of questions, maybe dizzy, have a headache,ringing of the ears or nasusea. |
|
Cerebral Contusion
|
brusied brain tissue, will have prolonged unconsciousness or serious altertion LOC
Behavior,Confusion,Amnesia |
|
Subarachnoid Hemmorrage
|
Blood that has entered into the subarachnoid space.OR a CVA This bleeding can cause intravascular fluid to leaking into the brain, and increade edema.
Several headache coma Vomiting |
|
Diffuse Axonal injury
|
is the most common type of injury in a severe blunt head trauma. The brain is injury and has a generalized edema.
Unconscious without focal deficits |
|
Anoxic brain injury
|
A brain injury by the lack of O2 to the brain. Profusion of the cortex is dispeupted because of spasms in the cerbral arteries.
After 4-6 mins of anoxia restoring o2 and b/p WILL NOT restore perfusion of the cortex. NO-reflow phenomenon. |
|
Intracranial Hemorrhage
|
Hemorrage can occur between the skull and dura( the fibrous covering of the brain), between the dura and the arachnoid or directly to the brain.
|
|
Intracranial Hemorrhage
|
Hemorrage can occur between the skull and dura( the fibrous covering of the brain), between the dura and the arachnoid or directly to the brain.
|
|
Acte Epidual Hematoma
|
is an tear in the middle meningeal artery that runs along the inside of the skull in the temporal region
Injury is caused by a linear skull fx in the temporal or parietal region. Bleeding will cause an increase ICP and death is rapidly. Loss of LOC a lucid interval. Pt will then start to vomiting,headache,altered mental status.lapse in unconsciousness and bosy paralysis on the opposite site of head injury. Pupils are fixed and dilated. |
|
Acute Subdural Hematoma
|
Bleeding between the dura an arachnoid is a brain tissue injury. Bleeding is venous and has intracranial pressure. May take hours or days.
Headache, LOc focal neurologic signs' weakness,one side speech Subdural hematoma in fall pt and acholic Pt on blood thiners. |
|
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
|
Is bleeding within the brain tissue. Blunt and Penetrating injuries head injuries.
|
|
Basilar Skull fx
|
Sympotes:
bleeding from the nose,ear clear CSF form those areas. Swelling and discoloration behind the ears.(Battle signs) or the same to the eyes. Raccoon Eyes |
|
Anterior basilar Skull Fx
|
Raccoon Eyes, fx may go through the thin cribriform plate. Causing fluid to leak out. Do not Nasal intubate.
|
|
Pupils are controlled by what Cranial Never
|
the Third. If pupils are fixed and dilated,pt probaly has a brain stem injury.
|
|
Is unilaterally dilated that reamains reactive pupils a early or late sign of ICP
|
early sign.
|