Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Barbiturate - long acting |
phenobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital |
|
Barbiturate - short acting |
thiopental |
|
Barbiturate - ultra short acting |
Methohexital |
|
Barbiturate mechanism of action |
depress reticular activating system, facilitate GABA transmitters, decrease sympathetic nerve transmission |
|
Barbiturate: CV effects |
decrease BP, reflex increase in HR, peripheral vasodilation (contraindicated in hypovolemic patients) |
|
Barbiturate: Respiratory effects |
depress medullary ventilatory centers = apnea laryngeal and cough reflexes are minimally depressed |
|
Barbiturate: CNS effects |
cerebral vasoconstriction, decrease cerebral BF, blood volume, and ICP decr. EEG activity = antiseizure effect (except methohexital) |
|
Barbiturate: Clinical Uses |
Induce anesthesia, "brain protection", rectal administration for uncooperative patients |
|
Benzodiazepines: Drugs |
Midazolam (Versed), Lorazepam (Ativan), Diazepam (Valium) |
|
Benzodiazepines: Effects |
sedation, anterograde amnesia, anticonvulsant CV and respiratory: minimal depression |
|
Benzodiazepine antagonist |
Flumazenil |
|
Benzodiazepine mechanism of action |
enhance chloride gating function of GABA greatest density of post-synaptic receptors in the cerebral cortex |
|
Benzodiazepine: pharmacokinetics |
diazepam has active metabolites (prolonged effects), midazolam has no active metabolites |
|
Benzodiazepine: Clinical Uses |
Preop medication, IV sedation, Induce anesthesia, anticonvulsant |
|
Propofol facts |
allergic potential due to soybean oil, glycerol, egg lecithin pain on injection (treat with lidocaine) bacterial growth possible |
|
Propofol: CV effects |
antiemetic CV: decrease BP with minimal HR increase, peripheral vasodilation (contraindicated for hypovolemic patients) |
|
Propofol: Respiratory effects |
depress medullary ventilatory centers producing apnea minimally depressed laryngeal reflexes |
|
Propofol: Clinical Uses |
induce anesthesia, maintain anesthesia, IV sedation |
|
Etomidate facts |
carboxilated imidazole with pharmacologically inactive metabolites |
|
Etomidate effects |
CV stability, produce apnea with minimal effects on laryngeal reflexes CNS: decrease cerebral BF, CMRO2, and ICP; can activate seizure foci |
|
Etomidate clinical uses |
Induce anesthesia, especially patients with limited cardiac reserve |
|
Etomidate disadvantages |
pain on injection, involuntary skeletal muscle movements, increased incidence of post-op N/V, adrenocortical suppression |
|
Ketamine facts |
phencyclidine derivative produce dissociative anesthesia b/n thalamus and limbic system |
|
Ketamine effects |
direct stimulation of sympathetic nervous system HR, BP, and CO maintained even in hypovolemic patients |
|
Ketamine clinical uses |
Induce anesthesia (IV or IM), dissociative anesthesia for burn patients patients w/ multiple trauma and/or severe hemorrhage analgesia greater for somatic pain than visceral pain |
|
Ketamine disadvantages |
emergence delirium 30% vivid hallucinations (lessen with benzos) develop tolerance increased airway secretions myoclonic activity |