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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ligaments
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-fibrous bands
-bone to bone |
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Bursa
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-enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid
-Areas of potential friction (shoulder, patella) |
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Tendon
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-Bone to muscle
-Strong, fibrous cord |
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-Vertebrae
-Spinous Processes of C7/T1 -Inferior angle of scapula -Iliac crests -Posterior superior iliac spine |
-33
-base of neck -T7/T8 -L4 -Sacrum |
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Nucleus pulposus
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-disk center
-consistancy of toothpaste |
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Radiocarple joint
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-wrist
-articulation of radius and carpal bones |
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Knee synovial membrane
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-largest in the body
-forms sac at the superior border of patella: suprapatellar pouch |
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Knee connections
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-Medial & Lateral mensici (cushion tibia and femur)
-Cruciate ligament (crisscross within knee) -Collateral ligaments (connect at both sides, medial and lateral stability) |
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Bony promineces on side of ankle
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Medical and lateral malleolus
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Decreased height in aging
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-After 40, loss of bone matrix
-Long bones do not shorten -shortening of vertebral column -40 in men, 43 in women, significant at 60 -Greater in 70s/80s due to osteoporotic collapse of vertebrae |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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-Inflammation of synovial membrane, leads to fibrosis
-Symmetrical, bilateral -heat, redness, swelling -Pain in morning -Mvmt decreases pain -crepitation (roughened joints) -Subcutaneous nodules |
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Osteoarthritis
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-Noninflammatory
-Deterioration of articular cartilages -Asymmetrical join involvement -Nearly all older than 60 (more common than RA) |
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Subluxation
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Two bones in a joint stay in contact but their alignment is off
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Contracture
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shortening of muscle leading to limited ROM
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Ankylosis
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Stiffness or fixation of joint
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Articular disease
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-inside joint capsule (arthritis)
-swelling/tenderness around whole joint, limits ROM in both active and passive |
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Extra-articular disease
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-injury
-swelling and tenderness to one spot in joint -Only certain ROM, active motion |
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Muscle testing grades
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5: Full ROM against gravity, full resistance
4:Full ROM, some resistance 3: Full ROM (but not against resistance) 2: Full ROM in passive motion 1: Slight contraction 0: No contraction |
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Thenar eminence
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rounded mound proximal to thumb
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Phalen test
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-Hands back to back while flexing wrists at 90 degrees for 60 seconds.
-Carpal tunnel produces numbness and burning |
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Tinel Sign
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-Percussion on median nerve in the wrist
-Produces burning and tingling with carpal tunnel |
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Genu Varum
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-bowlegs
-Normal for 1 year after begins walking |
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Genu valgum
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-knock knees
-Normal b/w 2 & 3.5 years |
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Bulge Sign
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-Confirms presence of small amount of fluid in suprapatellar pouch.
-Firmly stroke up on the medial aspect of the knee to displace fluid, tap the lateral aspect, watch for bulge from fluid wave on medial side. |
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Ballottement of the Patella
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-For large amounts of fluid
-Compress the suprapatellar pouch to move fluid into knee joint, push the patella against the femur, if fluid present you hear a tap as the patella bumps onto the femoral condyles. -No fluid: patella is already snug against femur. |
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McMurray Test
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-History of trauma followed by locking, giving way or local pain
-Positive = hear or feel a click = torn meniscus in knee -Flex knee and hip, rotate leg in and out, externally rotate the leg and put inward stress on knee, then slowly extend. |
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Lasegue Test (Straight Leg Raising)
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If lifting affected leg reproduces sciatic pain, it confirms the presence of a herniated nucleus pulposus.
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Ortolani maneuver
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-Check infant hips for congential dislocation
-Every visit till infant is 1 years old -Flex knees, abduct legs so lateral sides touch table. -Positive sign if feel clunk |
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Allis test
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-Infant hip dislocation
-Feet flat on table, flex knees, check knees at same elevation. -Positive = one significantly lower |
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Tophi
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-collections of sodium urate crystals due to chronic gout
-swelling and joint deformity |
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Gout
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-Metalbolic disorder of disturbed purine metabolism
-elevated uric acid in serum |
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Spina bifida
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-incomplete closure of vertebae results in neural tube defect
-Ranges from skin defect on spine to protrusion of the meningial sac |
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-Heberden nodes
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-Hard, nontender nodules with osteoarthritis
-osteophytes of distal interphalangeal joints |
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-Bouchard nodules
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-Hard, nontender nodules with osteoarthritis
-osteophytes of proximal interphalangeal joints |
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Protraction/Retraction
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moving body part forward/backward and parallel to the ground
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TMJ
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Temporomandibular Joint
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Interverterbral disks
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-elastic fibrocartilage
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Bones in the body
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206
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-midcarple joint
-metacarpophalangeal -interphangeal |
-between two parallel rows of carpal bones
-knuckles -Proximal interphalangeal joint |
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The infant can lift the head while prone...
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by 2 months
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Pes planus
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-flatfoot
-pronation, turning in, of medial side of foot -common between 12 and 30 months at standing |
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Pigeon toes
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-walk on lateral side of the foot, arch looks higher
-corrects by age 3 |
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Osteoporosis risks
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-smaller height and weight
-younger age of menopause -lack physical activity -lack estrogen -Asian or white more likely |
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Dupuytren Contracture
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-hyperplasia of the palmar fascia causes flexion of the digits
-first 4th, then 5th, then 3rd -Men over 40 -bilateral -painless, doesn't go away |
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-Swan Neck
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RA
-Flexsion contracture o metacarporphalangeal joint, hyperextension of PIJ, flexion of distal interphalangeal joint |
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-Boutonniere Deformity
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RA
-knuckle looks like it is being pushed through a buttonhole -flexion of PIP, hyperextension of DIP |
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Ulnar deviation or drift
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fingers drift to ulnar side
RA |
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Prepatellar bursitis
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swelling on anterior knee between patella and skin
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Hallux Valgus
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-lateral or outward deviation of great toe
-inflamed bursa that forms at pressure point |
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Hammertoe
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2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th toes
-hyperextention of metatarsophalangeal joint and flexion of proximal interphalengeal joint |
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Corns
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thickening of soft tissue
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Plantar Wart
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pressure surfaces
Viral HPV |
