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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What instrument does Ornette Coleman play?
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Alto Saxophone
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What instrument does Sonny Rollins play?
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Tenor Saxophone
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What instrument does Cecil Taylor play?
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Piano
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What are the differences between hard bop and bebop?
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Hard bop is funky, was influenced by gospel/blues, hard heavy swinging, simpler than bebop
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Why is free jazz called free?
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Because there are no set chord progressions.
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What is considered the "Graduate School" of Hard Bop?
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Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers
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Who are some notable musicians from the hard bop era?
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Art Blakey, Clifford Brown, Sonny Rollins
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Know some influences of Cool Jazz musicians
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Influenced by Lester young
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How did the Tristano school train jazz musicians?
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He had his students learn classical music and improvise using it.
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Who is Clifford Brown?
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Clean trumpet player. Proved that you don't have to be high to a top level jazz musician.
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What is the Birth of the Cool?
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album by Miles Davis
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Know some notable cool jazz musicians
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Miles Davis, Stan Getz, Zoot Sims
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Who is Stan Kenton and what is his significance to Jazz?
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Father of Jazz Education. He started Jazz in schools.
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What styles and pieces did Duke Ellington write?
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ballads, concertos, sacred music, exotic music, orchestral music,
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What are the differences between Lester Young’s playing style and that of Coleman Hawkins?
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Coleman (faster vibrato, harsh tone, vertical) Young (slower vibrato, lighter tone, more horizontal)
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list the differences between Bebop and Swing Big Band Era Musical Styles
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Bebop:complicated, more unpredictable, faster. Swing is smoother and has more vocals. Swing: less agitated, functional, more vocals
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Why was Bebop less popular as a musical style than the swing era?
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It featured less vocals and lyrics. Which made it less attainable. It was more complex and therefore harder to follow and dance too. Requires more active listening.
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When and who was the first bebop recording?
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Coleman Hawkins, "Woody-N-You" 1942-1944
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How many degrees in music does Coleman Hawkins have? And tell more about him.
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2 degrees and He does not herald from the New Orleans traditions. He is a champion of new and modern jazz.
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What other forms of music were Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie interested in?
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Classical and Serialism and impressionism
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Where do drummers keep “Time”
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Ride Cymbal
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What is the role of the drummer in Bebop?
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"prod" soloists, drop bombs, be integrated in the music.
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What is a contrafact?
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bebop line over a set of pop chords, tunes, or changes
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Where is the new “Proving ground” for jazz musicians wanting to reach the pinnacle of jazz artistry?
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New York
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Kenny Clarke plays?
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Drums
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Charlie Parker plays?
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Saxophone
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Dizzy Gillespie plays?
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trumpet
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Bud Powell plays?
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piano
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Max Roach plays?
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drums
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What are some differences between early Jazz and big band?
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Big band: arranged, guitar, less complex, large in size, used people who could just read music (less talented), written down, accessible
Early Jazz: More Improv, banjo, more complex, small in size, more talented, usually not written down off top of head, not very accessible |
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What is an uncommon instrument in Dixieland combos and more common in swing big band?
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Saxophone
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What are the most common elements of Jazz?
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Improvisation and swing feeling
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What did swing bands play for?
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dancing
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What instrument did Louis Armstrong play?
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trumpet/cornet
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What instrument did Jelly Roll play?
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piano
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What instrument did Roy Eldridge play?
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trumpet
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Explain the Blues.
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Black folk music that began in early 1800s, Emotion and pain, Form: structure in music, organized, Style, Harmony (a certain set of chords is assumed), Story Telling: Oral tradition (African)
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Was Blues complicated?
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No
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What is the vocal approach to the Blues?
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originated as an unaccompanied vocal style, Eventually a standard rhyme scheme and a progression of accompaniment chords was adopted later
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What is New Orleans Jazz style known as?
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ensemble style
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What band did Bix Beiderbecke play in?
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Paul Whiteman band.
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The all American Rhythm section is part of what band?
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Count Basie's Band
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Who is James Reese Europe?
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Music director, 18 piece, all black touring band-sparks the society dance craze and eventually the big band era.
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Vernon and Irine Castle did what?
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Start the dance craze
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Name the innovations of Louis Armstrong
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introduced Scat singing, had strong out chorus, changed the way tunes were played, changed time feel, changed the way the trumpet was played, influential soloist/improviser
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What are instrumentation/sections of a Big band?
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Rhythm section, reed section, trumpet, trombone.
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Explain how Jazz evolved.
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Jazz began from African roots where it developed from aural traditions. When slavery began in North America, this began to the rise of Blues. People began to express their sorrow and emotions through music. Early Jazz at this time was heavily improvised. This was pioneered by Louis Armstrong. At this time the culture of Jazz began to change. Head cutting became more evident and allowed the first sense of competition to come into play. Jazz became more popular with the invention of recording music. This allowed the music to become more accessible and spread across the nation into Chicago then NYC.
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Who was the band leader and mentor for Louis Armstrong?
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King Joe Oliver
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When and by whom was the first jazz recording?
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1917 The Original Dixieland Jazz Band
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What is the role of the clarinet in early Jazz? Cornet/trumpet? Trombone?
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Clarinet: Obligato (fast colorations of the melodies) replaces the piccalo Cornet/trumpet: to lead the ensemble by normally playing the melody Trombone: fills out lower harmonies
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What does the term “Professor” refer to in the history of early Jazz?
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A pianist in a whore house
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After New Orleans what is the next important center of Jazz?
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Chicago
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Who is James P. Johnson? Nickname?
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Father of Stride piano
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Who pioneered the use of the plunger mute?
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Joe Oliver
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Earl Hines' piano style is known as?
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Brassy
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What and by whom was the first scat solo?
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Heebie Jeebies by Louis Armstrong
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Who is the first great jazz soloist attributed to learning jazz by transcribing?
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Bix Beiderbecke
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What are the sections of a big band? What is the biggest section in a big band?
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Reed Section, trumpets, trombones rhythm section; reed
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Why is there a section of saxophones instead of clarinets?
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Because they are louder
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What instrument the guitar replaced?
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Banjo
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What are the instruments from the big band rhythm section?
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Guitar piano bass drums
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What were some of Fletcher Henderson's innovations?
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1) spread popularity of good jazz. 2) broke music publisher's domination over arrangements
3) developed great musicians and their reputations 4) his style was the foundation for big band jazz |
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List 4 influences from African music that may be traced to elements in Jazz
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pitch manipulation, polyrhythmic, collaberation, aural traditions
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List two things that the term "blues" refers to
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form/structure, emotion
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List two African American musical forms derived from musical traditions that led to the formation of jazz and blues
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circle dance, and field hollar
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Explain improvisation and swing feeling
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a
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How were Jazz musicians during the Harlem Renaissance treated?
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Much of white America embraced the jazz music they heard on their radios. But while crowds of white Americans danced to and applauded the genius of Duke Ellington (at right), Count Basie, and other great black jazz bands of the era, the stars of the Jazz Era were still subjected to harsh discrimination and prejudice. It is shocking to realize that these fine musicians––who defined the elegant, classy style of their day––were not allowed to stay in the hotels, could not eat in the dining rooms, nor even enter the front door of these establishments where they packed the house every night. This is the stunning reality of Jim Crow segregation. In spite of being the Toast of the country, these artists were considered second class citizens though they were highly respected, and celebrated.
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How did the media treat certain eras of Jazz?
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a
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What are the territory bands? Name 1 or 2 of them.
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Walter Page's Blue Devils (Oklahoma)
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