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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the lipophilic portion of a local anesthetic
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aromatic nucleus
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what is the part of the anesthetic that people can be allergic to if its an esther
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linkage
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what are some properties of an ideal local anesthetic
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potent, reversible,absence of local, systemic, and allergic reactions, sterilizable by autoclave, and rapid onset
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what are the sites of mechamism of action for local anesthetics
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axons and sodium channels
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what is reduced in the presence of infection
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free base
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what occurs with the efflux of potassium
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repolarization
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what is the effect of a more acidic environment on the effectiveness of local anesthetics
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decreased effectiveness of local anesthetic
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what form of the local anesthetic is necessary to penetrate the nerve membrane
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cationic portion
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what is the effect of reducing the rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetic
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reduce the chance of systemic toxicity
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what is the site of metabolism for amide local anesthetics
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the liver
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prilocaine and articaine have the potential to cause what serious adverse reaction
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methemoglobinemia
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what is used when a pt reports allergy to all anesthetics
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diphenhydramine(benadryl)
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what is sulfite
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antioxidant for the vasoconstrictor, which can trigger an acute asthma attack
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what is the cardiac dose of 1:100,000 epinephrine
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2 cartriges
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lidocaine can be used safely for what type of pt
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pregnant
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what is lidocaine
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provides 60-90 min. of pulpal anesthesia
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what is bupivacaine
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the longest duration of action
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what is articaine(septocaine)
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an esther and an amide derived from thiopene
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what is the amount of articaine metabolized in the liver
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5-10%
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what is dyclonine
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topical anesthetic that is neither an ester or amide
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what is the vasoconstrictor used with mepivicaine
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levonordefrin
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what is benzocaine
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most commonly used topical anesthetic, which can cause systemic toxicity if used on abraded skin
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what are two agents known to cause clinically significant drug interactions when combined with epinephrine
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beta-adrenergic antagonists and tricyclic antidepressants
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