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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BCE and CE
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Before the Common Era and Common Era--the way we name the years before and after the birth of Jesus
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Archaeology
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the study of the past by digging up remains of ancient civilizations
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TaNaKh
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Torah, Neviim and Ketuvim--the three parts of the Hebrew Bible
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Mesopotamia
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The land between two rivers--now Iraq
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Idolatry
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worshipping statues as gods
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Covenant
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a promise with a holy purpose that lasts forever
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Canaan
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the land promised to Abraham and his descendants in Genesis
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Exodus
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Leaving Egypt (and a book of the Torah)
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Ten Commandments
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the tablets of the law Moses brought back from Mount Sinai that form the basis of our covenant
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Mishkan
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the traveling tabernacle the People carried with them in the desert that protected the tablets of the law
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Twelve Tribes
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the groups the People divided themselves into that were named after the sons of Jacob/Israel
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Saul, David and Solomon
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the first three kings of Israel
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Prophets: For example, Jeremiah, Micah and Amos
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the people who spoke for G-d who warned and comforted the People
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Priests
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the tribe of Levites who took care of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem
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Holy Temple in Jerusalem
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the main gathering place for the People to worship and bring sacrifices
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Assyrians
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militant neighbors who conquered Israel (the northern kingdom)
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Babylonians
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militant neighbors who conquered Judah (the southern kingdom)
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Exile (and Return)
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sent away by the Assyrians and Babylonians and started a new community--sent back home by King Cyrus of Persia
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King Cyrus of Persia
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conquered the Babylonians and helped the People who wanted to go home to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple
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Greeks / Hellenism
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Led by Alexander the Great, they took over and wanted us to give up our rituals.
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Judah Maccabee
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Fought the Greeks and WON.
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Herod the Great
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King of Judea appointed by Rome who was a great builder--helped us refurbish the second temple.
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Sanhedrin
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the highest court of justice in Ancient Israel
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Rabbis Hillel and Shammai
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Leaders of the Sanhedrin
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Pharisees
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during the second temple period, those who believed Moses received an oral law with the written law which should be used to interpret the laws more liberally. They were our first rabbis.
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Sadducees
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during the second temple period, the priests believed that the written law should be followed strictly and the temple practices should be kept pure
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Zealots
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during the seond temple period, a group of people who believed the Jews should fight against the Romans and never give in
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Essenes
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Those who left Jerusalem and moved to caves around the Dead sea to study, pray and copy the law and hide it in clay pots.
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Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai
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Saved Judaism by being smuggled out of Jerusalem to start an academy at Yavneh
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Talmud
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body of literature written over generations
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