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469 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Q001. Name the layers of the epidermis
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A001. stratum basalis; stratum spinosum; stratum granulosum; stratum corneum
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Q002. dark, thick, velvety plaques under arms, breasts, in groin and on neck. Associated with insulin resistance and a predictor of DMII. Dx?; Rx?
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A002. Acanthosis Nigricans; Rx. treat underlying disorder (obesity, malignancy, diabetes, cushings, etc.)
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Q003. Enlarging pink or brown macular patches on flexor surfaces. Asymptomatic. Caused by corynebacterium. Prevalent in diabetics and warm climates. Dx?; Rx?
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A003. Erythrasma diagnosed by Wood's light causing lesions to fluoresce pink. Rx: topical or oral erythromycin
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Q004. Scaly, pruritic patches and plaques on flexor surfaces and neck. Associated with asthma and allergies and/or a family history. Dx?; Rx?
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A004. Eczema; Rx: avoid triggers, use mild soaps, add steroids, tacrolimus, phototherapy or methotrexate as needed
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Q005. presensitized mast cells and basophils bind to antigen and reaction develops rapidly. examples include anaphylaxis, asthma, and local wheal and flare. Type of Reaction?
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A005. Type I; (anaphylactic and atopic)
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Q006. IgM or IgG bind to antigen leading to lysis by complement or phagocytosis. examples include Rh disease, Goodpasture's syndrome and rheumatic fever. Type of Reaction?
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A006. Type II (cytotoxic)
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Q007. sensitized T cells encounter antigen and release lymphokines. examples included TB skin test, transplant rejection, contact dermatitis. Type of Reaction?
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A007. Type IV (delayed,; cell-mediated)
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Q008. antigen antibody complexes activate complement. Examples include serum sickness, SLE, RA, or the arthus reaction. Type of Reaction?
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A008. Type III
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Q009. large, pruritic, non-painful bullae filled with serous/bloody fluid. rarely involves mucous membranes. negative nikolsky. fluorescence at dermal-epidermal junction. autoantibodies to BP1 and BP2. Dx?; Rx?
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A009. Bullous Pemphigoid; Rx: topical or oral steroid
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Q010. shallow, painful blisters on epidermal and mucosal surfaces. autoantibodies to desmocollins and desmogleins. positive nikolsky. intercellular fluorescence and acantholysis. Dx?; Rx?
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A010. Pemphigus; Rx: oral steroids, plasmaphoresis for severe cases, lesions should be cared for as burns
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Q011. coetaneous disorder due to drugs, infection, vaccinations, or malignancy. mild myalgias/malaise. raised erythematous plaques on extremities. biopsy shows perivascular lymphocytes and necrotic keratinocytes. Dx?; Rx?
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A011. Erythema multiforme; Rx: mild cases resolve spontaneously, discontinue inciting agent, acyclovir for HSV
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Q012. painful, erythematous pretibial nodules due to drug hypersensitivity, infection, sarcoid, rheumatic fever, or IBD. accompanied by fever, rash, and malaise. elevated ESR, positive ASO titer, false positive VRDL. Dx?; Rx?
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A012. Erythema Nodosum; Rx: treat underlying cause, elevate leg, KI, NSAIDS, corticosteroids
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Q013. polygonal, purple, pruritic papules on inner wrists and lower legs with overlying network of white lines (wickham's striae). induced by drugs and strong association with HCV. Biopsy shows hyperkeratosis. Dx?; Rx?
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A013. Lichen Planus; Rx: topical steroids and oral antihistamines, for serious cases can use UV, cyclosporine, oral steroids
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Q014. dark red plaques with scales over extensor surfaces due to epidermal proliferation. non-pruritic. also nail pitting, and onycholysis. can have joint stiffness in DIP joints. increased ESR & uric acid. Dx?; Rx?
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A014. Psoriasis; Rx: topical steroids and calcipotriol for mild cases, immunosuppressants and phototherapy for severe disease
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Q015. pruritic, yellowish, greasy, scaling patches seen on scalp, ears and face. Dx?; Rx?
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A015. seborrheic dermatitis; Rx: hydrocorisone and topical antifungals for face, body and interitriginous areas, medicated shampoos for scalp
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Q016. coalescing red macules and flaccid blisters with full- thickness epidermal loss due to drug reaction. oral lesions present. + Nikolsky. Dx?; Rx?
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A016. Dx: SJS <10% Body surface and perivascular mononuclear infiltrate with degeneration of basal layer on biopsy; TEN >30% BSA, full-thickness epidermal necrosis with macrophages and dendrocytes and reactivity to TNF-alpha; Rx: discontinue offending agent, pain control, IVIG, admit to burn unit
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Q017. areas of depigmentation due to loss of melanocytes. associated with thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, Addison’ s disease, and DMI. Dx?; Rx?
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A017. Vitiligo; Rx: artificial tanning creams, steroids, or phototherapy.
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Q018. comedones on face, neck, arms, back, butt. associated with change in androgen levels. Dx?; Rx?
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A018. Acne Vulgaris; Rx: topical clinda or erythro, benzoyl peroxide and topical retinoids for mild cases, add tetracycline for moderate cases. Isotretinoin for most severe cases.
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Q019. red, hot, swollen, skin lesions due to infection of subcutaneous tissue. Dx?; Rx?
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A019. Cellulitis, or folliculitis if hair follicle involved; Rx: oral antibiotics for mild cases. hospitalize cases with systemic, hand, or orbital involvement.
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Q020. small, scaling, hyper or hypopigmented macules on chest and back. can be pruritic. spaghetti and meatballs on KOH prep. Dx?; Rx?
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A020. tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur; Rx: topical antifungal and selenium sulfide shampoo
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Q021. pruritic ring shaped scaling plaques with central clearing and raised borders. hyphae seen on KOH prep. Dx?; Rx?
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A021. tinea corporis (ringworm); Rx: topical antifungal. oral antifungals for tinea capitis
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Q022. painful, recurrent vesicular eruptions on erythematous mucocutaneous surfaces. multinucleated giant cells on Tzank smear. Dx? Rx?
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A022. Herpes Simplex; Rx: acyclovir reduces viral shedding and frequency and severity of recurrences
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Q023. a common, contagious, childhood infection with pruritic facial lesions and yellowish crusts. Dx? Rx?
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A023. impetigo; Rx: wash with mild soap, topical mupirocin for coag(+) S.aureus, systemic antibiotics for other staph/strep species
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Q024. 2-5mm dome shaped papules with central umbilication. asymptomatic. seen on face trunk and extremities in kids and genitals and perianal area in adults. inclusion bodies on wrights and giemsa stain. Dx? Rx?
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A024. Molluscum contagiosum due to poxvirus infection. Rx: resolve spontaneously over months to years. can be removed by cryotherapy, curettage, or TCA application
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Q025. rapidly developing skin and fascia infection with swelling, tenderness, induration or bullae with pain and fever. Dx? Rx?
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A025. necrotizing faciitis caused by Group A Strep, C.perfringens, or mixed bacteria; Rx: emergent surgery to remove necrotic tissue, culture tissue and treat with antibiotics.
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Q026. mild childhood disease presents with diffuse pruritic round/oval erythematous papules covered with "cigarette paper" white scale. Christmas tree pattern on trunk and a solitary patch precedes the rash(herald patch). Dx? Rx?
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A026. Pityriasis Rosea associated with HHV-6 infection; Rx: self limited disease, can treat pruritis
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Q027. itching worse at night and after hot showers, papules and vesicles can be seen. skin scraping reveals mites or eggs with KOH. Dx? Rx?
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A027. Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei); Rx: permethrin cream, treat close contacts as well.
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Q028. painful, unilateral, vesicular eruptions in a dermatomal distribution. Dx? Rx?
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A028. varicella zoster; Rx: antivirals within 72 hours of lesions
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Q029. white, sharply demarcated confluent macules, papules, and plaques usually in anogenital area of postmenopausal women. may be pruritic and painful. Biopsy shows hyperkeratotic epidermis. Dx? Rx?
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A029. lichen sclerosus; Rx: short term high potency glucocorticoids or hydrochloroquine
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Q030. thickened areas of skin(shagreen patches), hypopigmentation(ash leaf spots), red papules around nose(angiofibromas), seizures, mental retardation, periventricular tubers. Dx?
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A030. Tuberous sclerosis
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Q031. Cafe-au-lait spots, neurofibromas, axillary freckling, acoustic neuromas, lisch nodules, optic nerve glioma, meningiomas. Dx?
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A031. neurofibromatosis
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Q032. Port wine stain on face (over distribution of V1), seizures, mental retardation, visual impairment. Dx?
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A032. Sturge-Weber syndrome
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Q033. hemangiomas, retinal hamartomas, renal cell cancer, pheo, polycythemia. Dx?
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A033. von Hippel-Lindau
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Q034. brown, stuck on appearance on face, trunk, upper extremity. uniform appearance over entire surface. Dx? Rx?
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A034. Seborrheic keratosis; Rx: no treatment necessary, but can be removed for cosmetic purposes
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Q035. bleeding or scabbing sore on head or neck or pearly papules of variable size. associated with sun exposure. Biopsy shows basophilic cells palisading. Dx? Rx?
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A035. Basal Cell Carcinoma; Rx: dependent upon location curettage, surgical excision, Moh's, cryosurgery or radiation
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Q036. asymptomatic, rough papule with poorly demarcated base and white superficial scaling. premalignant. caused by sun exposure. Biopsy dysplastic squamous epithelium. Dx? Rx?
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A036. Actinic keratosis; Rx: cryosurgery, 5-FU, curettage or chemical peel.
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Q037. red-purple thin plaques on skin and mucosa. almost always seen in AIDS pts. Dx? Rx?
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A037. Kaposi's Sarcoma (due to HHV-8); Rx: Antiretrovirals for HIV, chemotherapy for lesions
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Q038. changing pigmented skin lesion found on sun-exposed areas and soles of feet that can be itchy. Characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, various colors, and >6mm diameter. Biopsy shows melanocytes with atypia, and melanocytic invasion into the dermis. Dx? Rx?
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A038. Melanoma; Rx: surgical excision and lymph node dissection may be necessary. Stage determined by depth of invasion (Breslow stage)
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Q039. thin scaling patches in sun-protected areas that progress to plaques to nodules to tumors. associated with "lion-like" facies and intractable pruritis. Biopsy shows infiltrate of atypical T-lymphocytes in the dermis. Dx? Rx?
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A039. Mycosis Fungoides; Rx: PUVA, topical nitrogen mustard, high potency topical steroids, total electron beam irradiation
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Q040. small papules, erythema, and telangiectasias in a symmetric distribution on cheeks chin and forehead. Flushing worsened by heat, spicy food, alcohol, caffeine, and sun. Dx? Rx?
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A040. Rosacea; Rx: avoid precipitating factors, topical metronidazole, sulfur lotions, or oral tetracycline are options
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Q041. What is rhinophyma?
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A041. large porous lobulated nose that can develop in men with Rosacea
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Q042. Impetigo
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A042. superficial skin infection, honey crusting, highly contagious; SA, GAS
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Q043. Dermatitis
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A043. a group of inflammatory pruritic skin disorders;; allergy (IV HS), chemical injury of infection
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Q044. Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
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A044. pruritic eruption, commonly on flexor surfaces, often associated with other atopic disease; (asthma, allergic rhinitis)
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Q045. Allergic contact dermatitis
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A045. type IV HS reaction that follows exposure to allergen (poison ivy, poison oak, nickel, rubber, chemicals); lesions occur at site of contact
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Q046. psoriasis
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A046. epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis) with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei still stratum corneum), especially on knees on elbows; increased stratum spinosum, decreased stratum granulosum; aspitz sigh; silvery scale
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Q047. Dermatitis herpetiformis
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A047. pruritic papules and vesicles;; deposits of IgA at tips of dermal papillae. Associated with celiac disease
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Q048. lichen planus
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A048. pruritic, purple, polygonal papules;; infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermoepidermal junction.
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Q049. Steven Johnson syndrome
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A049. caused by sulfa and anticonvulsant drugs- major form of erythema multiforme. Characterized by high fever, bulla formation, and necrosis, ulceration of skin and high mortality rate
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Q050. Erythema multiforme
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A050. Associated with infections, drugs, cancers and AI disease. Presents with multiple types of lesions, including macules, papules and vesicles and target lesions (red papules with a pale central area)
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Q051. seborrheic keratosis
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A051. flat, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts (horn cysts) benign
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Q052. actinic keratosis
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A052. caused by sun expsoure;; small rough erythematous or brown papules. Premalignant lesion. Risk of carcinoma is proportional to epithelial dysplasia
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Q053. keloid
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A053. tumor of connective tissue elements of dermis that causes raised, thickened scars. Follows trauma to skin, especially in AA; tx: intralesional steroids to thin the skin
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Q054. Bullous pemphigoid
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A054. AI disorder with IgG antibody against epidermal basement membrane hemidesmosomes (linear IF). Similar to but less severe than pemphigous vulgaris- affects skin but spares oral mucosa
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Q055. Pemphigus vulgaris
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A055. potential fatal AI skin disorder. Intraepidermal bullae involving oral mucosa and skin. Findings: acatholysis (breakdown of epithelial cell to cell junctions), IgG antibody against epidermal cell surface desmosomes (IF throughout epidermis)
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Q056. Verrucae (warts)
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A056. soft tan colored cauliflower like lesions. epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, kiolocytes; verruca vulgaris on hands, condyloma acuminatum on gentials
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Q057. sq cell carcinoma
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A057. very common;; associated with excessive sun exps and arsenic. commonly appear on hands and face. locally invasive but rare mets. see keratin pearls; precusor: actinic keratosis
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Q058. basal cell carcinoma
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A058. most common in sun exps areas. locally invasive but rare mets. see pearly papules; shiny dome; telangiectasias, palisading nuclei
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Q059. melanoma
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A059. common tumor with significant risk of mets;; associated with sunlight expsoure;; fair skinned persons at increased risk. incidence high. depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets
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Q060. acne
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A060. hyperkeratosis, sebum overproduction, proprionibacterium acnes proliferation, inflammation; tx: topical vit A, estrogens, steroids, isotrenitoin (accutane), benzoyl peroxide, topical/oral AB
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Q061. Psoriasis - Types
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A061. 1. Type 1 - Early onset (75%); 2. Type 2 - Late onset (25%)
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Q062. Psoriasis - Description
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A062. -Papules AND plaques; Marginated with SILVERY white scales
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Q063. Psoriasis - 2 phenomenon
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A063. 1. Auspitz: removal of scale results in blood droplets; 2. Koebners: physical trauma elicits lesions
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Q064. Psoriasis - locations
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A064. 1. Hair bearing areas; 2. EXTENSOR surfaces (knee/elbow); 3. Penis, scrotum, buttocks, umbilicus
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Q065. Psoriasis - nail findings
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A065. 1. Pitting of nails; 2. Oil slick spots in nails
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Q066. Psoriasis - common bacteria colonization
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A066. S. Aureus
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Q067. Psoriasis - what condition accompanies it?; Percentage?
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A067. 1. Arthritis; 2. 5%
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Q068. Psoriasis - prevalence; Men vs. women?
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A068. 1-2%; Equal incidence in men and women
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Q069. Psoriasis - family history risk?
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A069. 1 parent - 8%; 2 parents - 41%
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Q070. Psoriasis - etiology
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A070. Autoimmune, T-cell mediated
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Q071. Psoriasis - which drugs can exacerbate it? (6)
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A071. 1. Lithium; 2. Cigarettes; 3. a-IFN; 4. B-Blocker; 5. Antimalarials; 6. HIV disease
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Q072. Psoriasis - Topical Tx (5)
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A072. 1. Medium potency steroids; 2. Anthralin; 3. Topical retinoids; 4. Topical Vit D; 5. Cryotherapy
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Q073. Psoriasis - Systemic Tx (6)
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A073. 1. Light therapy: UVB, PUVA; 2. Methotrexate (most effective); 3. Oral retinoids; 4. Cyclosporin; 5. FK506; 6. Hydroxyurea
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Q074. Psoriasis - contraindicated drugs? What can it cause?
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A074. Oral steroids; Pustular Psoriasis
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Q075. Psoriasis - variant? description? symptoms?
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A075. 1. Pustular Psoriasis; 2. Puss superimposed on psoriasis; 3. Leukocytosis & fever
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Q076. Seborrheic Dermatitis - aka?
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A076. Dandruff
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Q077. Seborrheic Dermatitis - description
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A077. REDNESS and SCALING
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Q078. Seborrheic Dermatitis - location
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A078. Regions where sebaceous glands are most active:; 1. Face; 2. Scalp; 3. Hairy areas; 4. Body folds
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Q079. Seborrheic Dermatitis - Etiology
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A079. Inflammatory response to oil-loving YEAST
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Q080. Seborrheic Dermatitis - yeast?
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A080. Pityrosporum Ovale
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Q081. Seborrheic Dermatitis - in which pt group do you see an increased incidence?
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A081. HIV patients; Parkinson's
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Q082. Seborrheic Dermatitis - specific facial finding
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A082. Butterfly rash
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Q083. Seborrheic Dermatitis - Tx (2)
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A083. 1. Anti-seborrheic Shampoos; 2. Ketoconazole shampoo
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Q084. Seborrheic Dermatitis - what are the ingredients of the anti- seborrheic shampoo? (3)
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A084. 1. Selenium; 2. Sulfide; 3. Zinc pyrinthione or "tar"
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Q085. Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris - description
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A085. Rare variant of Psoriasis; Involves keratinocytes, part of hair shaft; Follicular accentuation
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Q086. Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris - sx
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A086. 1. Swelling with deep fissures in palms and soles; 2. Almost universal erythema and scaling typically with islands of sparing
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Q087. Pityriasis Rosea - description
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A087. Herald Patch - primary lesion; oval, slightly raised plaque, red with scales at periphery
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Q088. Pityriasis Rosea - sx
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A088. Herald patch, followed by generalized rash
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Q089. Pityriasis Rosea - how long til the generalized rash forms?; What is the distribution? Color?
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A089. 1. Days - weeks; 2. Christmas Tree pattern; 3. Salmon Pink
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Q090. Pityriasis Rosea - does it affect palm/soles?
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A090. NO
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Q091. Pityriasis Rosea - distribution
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A091. Trunk and proximal extremities
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Q092. Pityriasis Rosea - what % of pts have pruritis?
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A092. 75%
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Q093. Pityriasis Rosea - etiology
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A093. Likely to be viral infection
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Q094. Pityriasis Rosea - what distinguishes it from Psoriasis?
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A094. PR resolves in ~3 months or less, whereas Psoriasis in persistent
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Q095. Tinea Capitis - description
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A095. Dermatophytic trichomycosis of scalp
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Q096. Tinea Capitis - sx (2)
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A096. 1. Itchy, scaly scalp; 2. Hair loss
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Q097. Tinea Capitis - acute infection presentation
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A097. Follicular inflammation with painful, boggy nodules that drain pus
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Q098. Tinea Capitis - severe infection (aka Kerion) presentation
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A098. Indurated, boggy plaques which may rarely cause scarring alopecia
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Q099. Tinea Capitis - dx (3)
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A099. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q100. Tinea Capitis - tx
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A100. 1. Griseofulvin; 2. Shampoo with 2% selenium sulfide; 3. Oral ketoconazole
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Q101. Tinea Capitis - are topical agents effective for tx?
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A101. NO
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Q102. Tinea Corporis - aka
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A102. Ring worm
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Q103. Tinea Corporis - description and locations
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A103. Dermatophytic infection of trunk, legs, arms
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Q104. Tinea Corporis - sx
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A104. Expanding, centrifugal red plaque; Peripheral enlargement and central clearing, producing an annular configuration
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Q105. Tinea Corporis - dx
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A105. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q106. Tinea Corporis - Tx (2)
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A106. 1. Imidazole creams; 2. Terbinafine (lamisil)
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Q107. Tinea Cruris - aka
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A107. Jock-itch
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Q108. Tinea Cruris - description
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A108. Dermatophytic infection of groin
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Q109. Tinea Cruris - what is it commonly concurrent with?
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A109. Tinea pedis
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Q110. Tinea Cruris - what is a common predisposing factor?
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A110. Perspiration with exercise
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Q111. Tinea Cruris - how often is the scrotum involved?
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A111. RARELY
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Q112. Tinea Cruris - dx
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A112. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q113. Tinea Cruris - tx (2)
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A113. 1. Imidazole creams; 2. Terbinafine (lamisil)
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Q114. Tinea Pedis - aka
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A114. Athlete's foot
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Q115. Tinea Pedis - description/sx
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A115. 1. Dermatophytic infection of soles and side of feet; 2. Diffuse plantar scaling; vesicles & pustules on instep
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Q116. Tinea Pedis - dx
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A116. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q117. Tinea Pedis - tx (2)
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A117. 1. Imidazole creams; 2. Terbinafine (lamisil)
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Q118. Tinea Manuum - description/sx
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A118. 1. Dermatophytic infection of hand; 2. Diffuse dry scaling on palmar surface
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Q119. Tinea Manuum - unilateral vs bilateral?; Dominant vs. Non-dominant?
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A119. Unilateral; Dominant
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Q120. Tinea Manuum - common association
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A120. PRE-EXISTING tinea pedis; "One hand, two feet syndrome"
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Q121. Tinea Manuum - dx
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A121. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q122. Tinea Manuum - tx
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A122. 1. Imidazole Creams; 2. Terbinafine (lamisil)
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Q123. Tinea Facialis - description
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A123. Erythematous ASYMMETRIC eruptions on the face
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Q124. Tinea Facialis - features (2)
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A124. 1. Sharply demarcated; 2. Serpiginous borders
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Q125. Tinea Facialis - findings (2)
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A125. 1. Pruritis; 2. Photosensitivity
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Q126. Tinea Facialis - dx
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A126. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q127. Tinea Facialis - tx
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A127. 1. Imidazole creams; 2. Terbinafine (lamisil)
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Q128. Tinea Unguium - aka
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A128. Onychomycosis
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Q129. Tinea Unguium - description
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A129. Dermatophytic infection of nail plate
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Q130. Tinea Unguium - feature
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A130. Subungual debris with separation from nail bed
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Q131. Tinea Unguium - common location
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A131. Toe nails prior to finger nails
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Q132. Tinea Unguium - dx
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A132. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q133. Tinea Unguium - tx (1)
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A133. Oral Antifungals
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Q134. Tinea Versicolor - description
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A134. Superficial fungal infection of stratum corneum
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Q135. Tinea Versicolor - findings
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A135. White, tan or pink patches (macules) with very fine desquamating scales
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Q136. Tinea Versicolor - racial differences
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A136. Blacks: HYPO-pigmented; Whites: HYPER-pigmented
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Q137. Tinea Versicolor - predisposing factor? (2)
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A137. 1. Immune suppression; 2. Increased cortisol
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Q138. Tinea Versicolor - dx
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A138. 1. KOH prep; 2. Wood's lamp; 3. Culture; *Skin Biopsy NOT indicated
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Q139. Tinea Versicolor - tx
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A139. 1. Imidazole creams; 2. Terbinafine (lamisil)
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Q140. Lichen Planus - description
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A140. Acute or chronic idiopathic inflammatory dermatosis
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Q141. Lichen Planus - findings
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A141. Flat-topped purple, pruritic, papules; White streaks in reticulate (net-like) pattern
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Q142. Lichen Planus - Locations (5)
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A142. 1. Mucous membranes; 2. Wrists; 3. Palms/soles; 4. Genitalia; 5. Ankles
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Q143. Lichen Planus - phenomenon
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A143. Koebners: papules can be arranged in streaks due to trauma of scratching
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Q144. Lichen Planus - Wickham's striae
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A144. Fine whitish lines or dots on LP lesions
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Q145. Lichen Planus - etiology
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A145. T-lymphocytes infiltrate the DE junction
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Q146. Lichen Planus - common result
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A146. scarring alopecia
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Q147. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - Early lesions
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A147. Purplish-red plaque, accumulates scales as it matures
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Q148. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - oldest lesions
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A148. -DEPRESSED, scaly, red, ATROPHIC; Center: HYPO-pigmented; Periphery: HYPER-pigmented
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Q149. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - Carpet Tacking
|
A149. When scale is removed, it's underside shows small spiny projections which correlate with keratinous plugs in dilated hair follicles
|
|
Q150. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - common location
|
A150. Ears
|
|
Q151. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - common factor
|
A151. Sun-sensitive
|
|
Q152. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - dx
|
A152. 1. ANA; 2. Anti-rho
|
|
Q153. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - how to distinguish from psoriasis?
|
A153. Finding of atrophy
|
|
Q154. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus - tx
|
A154. 1. Topical steroids; 2. Sunscreen
|
|
Q155. Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma - lesions
|
A155. Generalized, flat, reddish-brownish plaques with scaling
|
|
Q156. Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma - Etiology
|
A156. NOT fungal; Monoclonal proliferation of Helper T-cells within skin
|
|
Q157. Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma - viral association
|
A157. HTLV-1 in subset of pts; majority unknown
|
|
Q158. Atopic Dermatitis - aka?
|
A158. Eczema
|
|
Q159. Atopic Dermatitis - description
|
A159. pruritic inflammation of the epidermis AND dermis
|
|
Q160. Atopic Dermatitis - types
|
A160. 1. Acute; 2. Subacute; 3. Chronic; 4. Infantile; 5. Childhood; 6. Adult
|
|
Q161. Atopic Dermatitis - Acute features
|
A161. Poorly defined erythematous papules and plaques with or without scales; Edema, wet, oozy
|
|
Q162. Atopic Dermatitis - Subacute
|
A162. juicy papules
|
|
Q163. Atopic Dermatitis - Chronic
|
A163. 1. DRY; 2. Thickened (acanthosis); 3. Scaly, hyperpigmented skin (dermal fibrosis)
|
|
Q164. Atopic Dermatitis - what results from repeated rubbing or scratching?
|
A164. Lichenification
|
|
Q165. Atopic Dermatitis - Infantile
|
A165. -Age 3 or less; Crusted oozing lesions particularly on scalp
|
|
Q166. Infantile Atopic Dermatitis - location
|
A166. Extensor disease of extremities
|
|
Q167. Childhood Atopic Dermatitis - Location
|
A167. Marked by onset of Flexural disease:; Neck; Antecubital fossa; Popliteal fossa
|
|
Q168. Adult Atopic Dermatitis - location
|
A168. Most commonly Hand eczema; Infantile pattern can persist
|
|
Q169. Atopic Dermatitis - specific signs/sx (5)
|
A169. 1. Denny Morgan Lines: redundant flesh fold under eyes; 2. Hyperlinear palms: increased skin markings on thenar eminence; 3. Xerosis (Dry Skin); 4. Increased sweating; 5. Decreased oil secretion
|
|
Q170. Atopic Triad
|
A170. 1. Atopic Dermatitis; 2. Allergic Rhinitis; 3. Asthma
|
|
Q171. Atopic Dermatitis - exacerbating factors (5)
|
A171. 1. Allergies; 2. Emotional stress; 3. Skin dehydration; 4. Season; 5. Hormonal
|
|
Q172. Atopic Dermatitis - pathophys
|
A172. T-cell and cytokine mediated; Deficiency of IFN-g; Overactivity of IL4 and IL10; Leads to dysregulation of Th2 cells
|
|
Q173. Atopic Dermatitis - what bacteria is usually recoverable?
|
A173. S. Aureus
|
|
Q174. Atopic Dermatitis - Tx
|
A174. 1. Topical Steroids; 2. Oral Steroids; 3. H1 Antihistamines (for pruritis); 4. Oral Antibiotics
|
|
Q175. Atopic Dermatitis - when should oral steroids be given?; Dose?
|
A175. More severe cases; Dose should always be once daily
|
|
Q176. Atopic Dermatitis - which antibiotics should be prescribed?
|
A176. 1. Dicloxacillin; 2. Cephalexin
|
|
Q177. Contact Dermatitis - description
|
A177. Exogenous inflammation of epidermis
|
|
Q178. Contact Dermatitis - Types
|
A178. 1. Allergic; 2. Irritant
|
|
Q179. Allergic Contact Dermatitis - timing
|
A179. Begins within 24-72 hours of exposure to allergen; May last weeks
|
|
Q180. Allergic Contact Dermatitis - pathophys phases
|
A180. Afferent: antigen recognized by dendritic cells in skin and presented to naive T-cells; Efferent: antigen encountered for second time and memory T-cells activated
|
|
Q181. Irritant Contact Dermatitis - example causes
|
A181. 1. HCl; 2. Kerosene; 3. Cotton oil; 4. feces
|
|
Q182. Contact Dermatitis - Allergic vs. Irritant
|
A182. Allergic:; 1. Requires prior sensitization; 2. NOT dose dependent; Irritant:; 1. Does NOT require sensitization; 2. IS dose dependent
|
|
Q183. Contact Dermatitis - Dx
|
A183. TRUTEST - skin test; Definitive test - patch test
|
|
Q184. "Dyshidrotic" Eczema - what is it?
|
A184. Special vesicular type of hand and foot dermatitis
|
|
Q185. "Dyshidrotic" Eczema - most common location?
|
A185. Hands
|
|
Q186. "Dyshidrotic" Eczema - features
|
A186. Sudden onset of pruritic, painful, clear vesicles; Followed by scaling, fissures, and lichenification
|
|
Q187. "Dyshidrotic" Eczema - does it involve abnormalities to sweat glands?
|
A187. NO
|
|
Q188. Lichen Simplex Chronicus - description
|
A188. Initially a pruritic skin condition, which later evolves into a rash; Chronic scratching = lichenification
|
|
Q189. Lichen Simplex Chronicus - Pathophys
|
A189. Psychodermatosis: pruritis precipitated by frustration, depression and stress
|
|
Q190. Nummular Eczema - description
|
A190. Chronic, pruritic, inflammatory dermatitis
|
|
Q191. Nummular Eczema - features
|
A191. Coin-shaped plaques composed of grouped small papules and vesicles on an erythematous base
|
|
Q192. Stasis Dermatitis - Location
|
A192. Eczematous eruptions of LOWER LEGS
|
|
Q193. Stasis Dermatitis - etiology
|
A193. Secondary to peripheral venous disease
|
|
Q194. Stasis Dermatitis - Pts have a history of: (3)
|
A194. 1. Varicose veins; 2. Leg swelling; 3. Thrombophlebitis
|
|
Q195. Statis Dermatitis - Lesion features and sx (6)
|
A195. 1. Juicy papules; 2. Lichenified plaques; 3. Brown Pigmentation (hemosiderin); 4. Petchiae; 5. Edema; 6. Dermatitis
|
|
Q196. Urticaria - lesions
|
A196. TRANSIENT, pruritic, erythematous, edematous papules and plaques
|
|
Q197. Urticaria - how long to lesions last?
|
A197. 1-2 days
|
|
Q198. Urticaria - when can angioedema occur?
|
A198. when edematous process extends to deep dermal and subcutaneous tissues
|
|
Q199. Urticaria - in which pt population is chronic urticaria uncommon?
|
A199. Pediatric pts
|
|
Q200. Urticaria - causes (7)
|
A200. 1. Infection; 2. Drug; 3. Food/Food additives; 4. Physical, cold, light, cholinergic, aquagenic; 5. Contact; 6. Hereditary angioedema; 7. Idiopathic
|
|
Q201. Urticaria - what causes Hereditary angioedema?
|
A201. C1 esterase deficiency
|
|
Q202. Urticaria - tx (4)
|
A202. 1. H1 antihistamines; 2. H1 + H2 antihistamines; 3. Corticosteroids; 4. Epinephrine kits
|
|
Q203. Erythema Multiforme - Lesions
|
A203. 1. TENDER rings; 2. TARGETS; 3. Bull's eyes; 4. Up to 20-40 lesions
|
|
Q204. Erythema Multiforme - location
|
A204. Bilateral and symmetrical; PALMS; Soles; Mucous membranes
|
|
Q205. Erythema Multiforme - how deep is the lesion?
|
A205. limited to epidermis
|
|
Q206. Erythema Multiforme - how do blisters form?
|
A206. Cells along the dermis-epidermis junction die
|
|
Q207. Erythema Multiforme - causes (3)
|
A207. 1. Infection; 2. Drugs; 3. Other
|
|
Q208. Erythema Multiforme - which infections can cause it? (4)
|
A208. 1. *HSV*; 2. Histoplasmosis; 3. ORF; 4. Mycoplasma
|
|
Q209. Erythema Multiforme - which types of drugs can cause it? (3)
|
A209. 1. Sulfa drugs; 2. Seizure drugs; 3. Antibiotics
|
|
Q210. Erythema Multiforme - what is an important part of the differential?
|
A210. Syphilis
|
|
Q211. Erythema Multiforme - tx
|
A211. If recurrent, treat with acyclovir
|
|
Q212. Stevens Johnson Syndrome - what is it?
|
A212. Maximal variant of EM
|
|
Q213. SJS - features
|
A213. Involves FULL THICKNESS necrosis of MUCOUS MEMBRANES
|
|
Q214. SJS - location
|
A214. 1. *MOUTH*; 2. GI; 3. Genital; 4. Respiratory
|
|
Q215. SJS - how do patients usually present?
|
A215. Unable to swallow; Need IV fluids
|
|
Q216. SJS - lesions
|
A216. 1. Lesions begin as target form; 2. Become confluent, brightly erythematous and bullous; 3. Sloughing may lead to crusting
|
|
Q217. SJS - is the dermis involved?
|
A217. NO
|
|
Q218. SJS - etiology
|
A218. 50% due to drugs
|
|
Q219. SJS - which drugs commonly cause it?
|
A219. 1. Sulfa drugs; 2. Seizure drugs
|
|
Q220. Toxic Epidermolytic Necrolysis - what is it?
|
A220. Maximal variant of SJS
|
|
Q221. TEN - description
|
A221. Extra/sub-epidermal blistering
|
|
Q222. TEN - presentation
|
A222. 1. Begins with painful skin; 2. Subsequently target lesions and blisters develop
|
|
Q223. TEN - common sign
|
A223. Nikolsky sign: skin sloughs with minimal tension
|
|
Q224. TEN - etiology
|
A224. More often caused by drugs than SJS
|
|
Q225. TEN - compared to SJS
|
A225. -Higher mortality (25%); More body surface area involved (>10-25%)
|
|
Q226. TEN - which organ system can be affected?
|
A226. Risk of acute renal failure
|
|
Q227. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome - description
|
A227. Toxin mediated epidermolytic disease characterized by erythema and wide spread detachment of epidermis
|
|
Q228. SSSS - how much of skin is involved?
|
A228. few layers of epidermis remain
|
|
Q229. SSSS - lesions
|
A229. 1. Tender rash; 2. Crusting; 3. Blisters; 4. Desquamation as rash heals
|
|
Q230. SSSS - common locations
|
A230. skin folds
|
|
Q231. SSSS - cause
|
A231. Exfoliation of S. Aureus
|
|
Q232. SSSS - common pt population
|
A232. Pediatric
|
|
Q233. SSSS - Tx
|
A233. Antibiotics to prevent sepsis and conjunctivitis; No tx necessary for skin
|
|
Q234. Drug reactions - types
|
A234. 1. Morbiliform (more common); 2. Fixed
|
|
Q235. Morbiliform Drug reactions - description
|
A235. Generalized eruption of erythematous macules and papules, often confluent in large areas
|
|
Q236. Fixed Drug reactions - description
|
A236. Solitary (sometimes multiple) plaques, bullae, or erosions
|
|
Q237. Drug Reactions - common drugs (4)
|
A237. 1. Penicillin; 2. Allopurinol; 3. Gold salts; 4. Carbemazepine
|
|
Q238. Palpable Purpura - what is it?
|
A238. Cutaneous manifestation of vasculitis
|
|
Q239. Palpable Purpura - lesions
|
A239. -Nontender; Lighten, but do not blanch with diascopy
|
|
Q240. Palpable Purpura - location
|
A240. Acral areas: extremities and peripheral parts)
|
|
Q241. Palpable Purpura - causes
|
A241. 1. Septic emboli; Meningoccocemia, RMSF; 2. Leukocytoplakia (allergic vasculitis); HSP
|
|
Q242. Impetigo - description
|
A242. Superficial purulent bacterial infection of skin
|
|
Q243. Impetigo - what layer of skin does it involve?
|
A243. Epidermis
|
|
Q244. Impetigo - 2 types
|
A244. 1. Nonbullous; 2. Bullous
|
|
Q245. Nonbullous Impetigo - description
|
A245. Transient, superficial, small, vesicles/pustules rupture resulting in erosions which in turn become HONEY-colored CRUSTS
|
|
Q246. Bullous Impetigo - description
|
A246. Vesicles and bullae containing CLOUDY YELLOW fluid arising on normal-appearing skin; rupture causes moist erosions to form
|
|
Q247. Bullous Impetigo - common location?
|
A247. Diaper area
|
|
Q248. Impetigo - common causes
|
A248. 1. S. Aureus; 2. GAS
|
|
Q249. Impetigo - Tx
|
A249. Dicloxacillin, Cephalexin; Topical Antibiotics
|
|
Q250. Ecthyma - description
|
A250. Ulcerative bacterial infection of skin
|
|
Q251. Ecthyma - what layer of skin does it involve?
|
A251. Dermis AND subcutaneous tissue
|
|
Q252. Ecthyma - lesions
|
A252. Vesicles, pustules, or ulcer
|
|
Q253. Ecthyma - common causes
|
A253. 1. Staph; 2. Strep; 3. H. flu
|
|
Q254. Cellulitis - description
|
A254. Soft tissue infection
|
|
Q255. Cellulitis - what layer of skin does it involve?
|
A255. Dermis AND subcutaneous tissues
|
|
Q256. Cellulitis - lesions
|
A256. RED, hot, edematous, shiny, painful area of skin
|
|
Q257. Cellulitis - when and how can it disseminate?
|
A257. 1. When Tx delayed; 2. Lymphatics and hematogenous
|
|
Q258. Cellulitis - most frequent cause?
|
A258. S. Aureus
|
|
Q259. Erysipelas - what is it?
|
A259. Cellulitis caused by B-hemolytic Strep
|
|
Q260. Cellulitis - what disorder predisposes to it?
|
A260. Diabetes
|
|
Q261. Folliculitis - description
|
A261. infection of upper portion of hair follicle
|
|
Q262. Folliculitis - lesions
|
A262. Red papules, pustules, erosions, or crusts
|
|
Q263. Folliculitis - most common causes?
|
A263. 1. S. Aureus; 2. P. Aeruginosa
|
|
Q264. Folliculitis - predisposing factors? (7)
|
A264. 1. Shaving; 2. Plucking; 3. Waxing; 4. Occluding hear-bearing area; 5. Tropical climates; 6. Diabetes Mellitus; 7. Immunosuppression
|
|
Q265. Folliculitis - Tx
|
A265. -S. Aureus:; 1. Topical mupirocin ointment; 2. Systemic Dicloxacillin or cephalexin
|
|
Q266. Furunculosis - description
|
A266. Deep-seated, red, hot, tender nodule or abscess
|
|
Q267. Furunculosis - cause
|
A267. Evolves from Staph Folliculitis; (S. Aureus mostly)
|
|
Q268. Furunculosis - Tx
|
A268. Draining abscess
|
|
Q269. Herpes Simplex - types (5)
|
A269. 1. Oral; 2. Genital; 3. Whitlow; 4. Eczema Herpeticum; 5. Neonatal
|
|
Q270. Oral Herpes - description
|
A270. Grouped vesicles that arise on erythematous base on keratinized skin or mucous membrane
|
|
Q271. Oral Herpes - when is oral mucosa usually involved?
|
A271. Only in primary HSV infection
|
|
Q272. Oral Herpes - transmission?
|
A272. 1. skin-skin; 2. skin-mucosa; 3. mucosa-skin
|
|
Q273. Oral Herpes - cause
|
A273. HSV-1 (80-90%); HSV-2 (10-30%)
|
|
Q274. Genital Herpes - cause
|
A274. HSV-1 (10-30%); HSV-2 (70-90%)
|
|
Q275. Genital Herpes - lesions
|
A275. erythematous plaque surmounted with grouped vesicles, which rupture leading to erosions
|
|
Q276. Herpetic Whitlow - lesions
|
A276. Painful, grouped confluent vesicles with an erythematous, edematous base
|
|
Q277. Herpetic Whitlow - location
|
A277. DISTAL Finger
|
|
Q278. Herpetic Whitlow - commonly seen in which population?
|
A278. Health-care workers
|
|
Q279. Eczema Herpeticum - description
|
A279. Secondary HSV cutaneous infection that occurs in pt with underlying Atopic Dermatitis
|
|
Q280. Eczema Herpeticum - lesions
|
A280. Disseminated vesicles with punched-out (umbilicated) erosions and central crusting
|
|
Q281. Neonatal Herpes - lesions
|
A281. Grouped and confluent vesicles with underlying erythema and edema
|
|
Q282. Herpes Simplex - Tx
|
A282. Acyclovir
|
|
Q283. Herpes Zoster - aka?
|
A283. Primary = Chickenpox; Secondary = Shingles
|
|
Q284. Herpes Zoster - cause
|
A284. VZV
|
|
Q285. Herpes Zoster - Shingles lesion
|
A285. Unilateral, dermatomal distribution
|
|
Q286. Herpes Zoster - what often precedes vesicle formation?
|
A286. Pain
|
|
Q287. Verruca Vulgaris - aka
|
A287. Common wart
|
|
Q288. Verruca Vulgaris - lesion
|
A288. Firm, hyperkeratotic papules
|
|
Q289. Verruca Vulgaris - common sites
|
A289. 1. Hands; 2. Fingers; 3. Knees
|
|
Q290. Verruca Vulgaris - cause
|
A290. HPV 2; HPV 4
|
|
Q291. Verruca Plana - aka
|
A291. Flat wart
|
|
Q292. Verruca Plana - lesion
|
A292. Sharply defined, flesh-colored, flat papules
|
|
Q293. Verruca Plana - common site
|
A293. Face
|
|
Q294. Verruca Plana - cause
|
A294. HPV 3; HPV 10
|
|
Q295. Verruca - Tx
|
A295. 1. Liquid N2; 2. Retin A - helps exfoliation of skin
|
|
Q296. Molluscum Contagiosum - skin layer involved?
|
A296. Self-limited EPIDERMAL viral infection
|
|
Q297. MC - lesions
|
A297. Pearly white or skin-colored papules, often umbilicated
|
|
Q298. MC - predisposed population?
|
A298. HIV, on Face
|
|
Q299. MC - cause
|
A299. MCV, part of Pox Virus
|
|
Q300. Condylomata Acuminata - aka
|
A300. mucosal warts
|
|
Q301. Condylomata Acuminata - location
|
A301. 1. Anogenital mucosa; 2. Oral mucosa; 3. Skin
|
|
Q302. Condylomata Acuminata - cause
|
A302. HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35
|
|
Q303. Candidiasis - types
|
A303. 1. Mucosal; 2. Cutaneous
|
|
Q304. Candidiasis - cause
|
A304. Yeast Candida Albicans
|
|
Q305. Mucosal Candidiasis - location
|
A305. 1. Aerodigestive tract; 2. Vulvovagina
|
|
Q306. Mucosal Candidiasis - lesions
|
A306. "cottage cheese"
|
|
Q307. Cutaneous Candidiasis - example
|
A307. Diaper dermatitis
|
|
Q308. Sporotrichosis - lesion
|
A308. Painless ulceronodule
|
|
Q309. Sporotrichosis - cause
|
A309. Sporothrix Schenckii
|
|
Q310. Sporotrichosis - how is it usually acquired?
|
A310. Accidental inoculation of skin with infected soil (gardeners)
|
|
Q311. Sporotrichosis - common feature
|
A311. 1. Chronic nodular lymphangitis; 2. Regional Lymphadenitis
|
|
Q312. Blastomycosis - lesion
|
A312. Ulcerated, inflammatory, verrucous plaques with surrounding erythema, edema and fibrosis
|
|
Q313. Blastomycosis - cause
|
A313. Blastomyces Dermatitidis
|
|
Q314. Blastomycosis - systemic mycosis characterized by what?
|
A314. Primary pulmonary infection
|
|
Q315. Blastomycosis - cutaneous lesion common found where?
|
A315. Face
|
|
Q316. Scabies - Lesions
|
A316. Papules and BURROWS
|
|
Q317. Scabies - describe the burrows
|
A317. Tan or skin-colored ridges with linear configuration
|
|
Q318. Scabies - cause
|
A318. Mite called Sarcoptes Scabiei
|
|
Q319. Scabies - typical sx
|
A319. generalized intractable pruritus
|
|
Q320. Scabies - common locations
|
A320. 1. Finger web; 2. Axilla; 3. Inguinal regions
|
|
Q321. Scabies - Tx (5)
|
A321. 1. Topical Permethrin; 2. Topical Lindane; 3. Systemic Permethrin; 4. Antihistamines; 5. Topical/Oral corticosteroids
|
|
Q322. Pediculosis - types
|
A322. 1. Capitis; 2. Pubis
|
|
Q323. Pediculosis Capitis - description
|
A323. Head lice; infestation of scalp by head louse, Pediculus Humanus Capitis
|
|
Q324. Pediculosis Capitis - features
|
A324. Brown-gray specksin affected areas (lice), with white eggs; Pruritic
|
|
Q325. Pediculosis Pubis - description
|
A325. Pubic lice; infestation of hair-bearing regions by Phthirus Pubis
|
|
Q326. Pediculosis Pubis - locations
|
A326. 1. PUBIC AREA; 2. Chest; 3. Axillae; 4. Upper Eyelids
|
|
Q327. Pediculosis Pubis - features
|
A327. Pruritis
|
|
Q328. Syphilis - cause
|
A328. Treponema Pallidum
|
|
Q329. 1 Syphilis - lesion
|
A329. Genital Chancre - single button-like papule that develops into PAINLESS erosion and then ulcer with raised border and scanty serous exudate
|
|
Q330. 2 Syphilis - lesions (4)
|
A330. 1. Non-specific rash on trunk; 2. Mucus patches; 3. "Copper Pennies" on palm/sole; 4. Condyloma Lata
|
|
Q331. 2 Syphilis - Condyloma lata description? Location?
|
A331. Flat topped and moist, red-pale papules, nodules, or plaques; Commonly in anogenital area
|
|
Q332. 3 Syphilis - lesion
|
A332. Gummas - rubbery lump/deep granulomatous lesion found in subcutaneous tissue;; tendency for necrosis and ulceration
|
|
Q333. 3 Syphilis - how common?
|
A333. Very rare ~1/3 of untreated immunocompetent pts
|
|
Q334. Syphilis - Dx
|
A334. 1. RPR; 2. VDRL
|
|
Q335. Syphilis - Tx
|
A335. Benzathine Penicillin
|
|
Q336. Chancroid - description
|
A336. PAINFUL ulcer at site of inoculation
|
|
Q337. Chancroid - location
|
A337. external genitalia
|
|
Q338. Chancroid - lesion
|
A338. ulcer with sharp borders, with surrounding erythematous halo
|
|
Q339. Chancroid - cause
|
A339. Hemophilus Ducreyi (Gram Neg streptobacillus)
|
|
Q340. Nevus - description
|
A340. Benign Hyperplasias
|
|
Q341. Nevus - lesion
|
A341. Small, acquired pigments; Macules or papules
|
|
Q342. Ephilides - aka
|
A342. Freckles
|
|
Q343. Ephilides - description
|
A343. Common, pigmented lesions of childhood
|
|
Q344. Ephilides - Pathophys
|
A344. Normal melanocyte number, but increased melanin within basal keratinocytes
|
|
Q345. Lentigines - aka
|
A345. Liver Spots
|
|
Q346. Lentigines - types (2)
|
A346. 1. Lentigo Simplex - small, round or oval lesions on skin without correlation to sun exposure; 2. Solar Lentigo - variegated, tan-to-dark brown macules on sun-exposed areas
|
|
Q347. Seborrheic Keratoses - description
|
A347. Benign neoplasms
|
|
Q348. Seborrheic Keratoses - how do the lesions begin?
|
A348. Skin-colored or light tan macules
|
|
Q349. Seborrheic Keratoses - what happens to lesions over time?
|
A349. Pigmentation increases
|
|
Q350. Seborrheic Keratoses - what is pathognomonic?
|
A350. "Horn Cysts"
|
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Q351. Actinic Keratosis - lesions
|
A351. Discreet, rough, dry, adherent scaly lesions
|
|
Q352. Actinic Keratosis - where?
|
A352. Sun-exposed skin
|
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Q353. Actinic Keratosis - what is it a possible precursor to?
|
A353. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (~1/1000)
|
|
Q354. Angiomas - types (2)
|
A354. 1. Spider; 2. Cherry
|
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Q355. Spider Angiomas - lesions
|
A355. -Usually solitary; Red, focal, telaniectasia of dilated capillaries
|
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Q356. Spider Angiomas - common sites (3)
|
A356. 1. Face; 2. Forearms; 3. Hands
|
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Q357. Cherry Angiomas - description
|
A357. Moderately dilated capillaries lined with flattened endothelial cells
|
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Q358. Cherry Angiomas - lesions
|
A358. Bright-red to violaceous, domed, vascular lesions
|
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Q359. Cherry Angiomas - common sites (2)
|
A359. 1. Trunk; 2. Proximal extremities
|
|
Q360. Pyogenic Granuloma - description
|
A360. Rapidly-developing, bright-red or violaceous or brown-black nodule
|
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Q361. Pyogenic Granuloma - lesions
|
A361. Sharply demarcated, erosive, partly hemorrhagic surface, constricted base
|
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Q362. Acrochordon - aka
|
A362. skin tags
|
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Q363. Acrochordon - lesions
|
A363. skin-colored pedunculated papilloma (polyp)
|
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Q364. Acrochordon - common sites
|
A364. Intertriginous (skin-on-skin) sites
|
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Q365. Epidermal Cyst - description
|
A365. Nodule filled with expressible material (liquid or semi-solid)
|
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Q366. Milia - description
|
A366. Small, white or yellow, epidermal, keratin filled cyst
|
|
Q367. Lipoma - description
|
A367. Benign tumor of subcutaneous fat
|
|
Q368. Lipoma - lesion
|
A368. Flesh-colored, slightly elevated, rubbery nodules
|
|
Q369. Lipoma - characteristics (3)
|
A369. 1. Palpable; 2. Mobile; 3. Painless
|
|
Q370. Keloid - description
|
A370. Excessive proliferation of collagen after skin trauma
|
|
Q371. Keloid - common sites (4)
|
A371. 1. Ear lobes; 2. Shoulders; 3. Upper chest; 4. Back
|
|
Q372. Keloid - how does it expand?
|
A372. Expands beyond limits of original trauma with claw-like extensions
|
|
Q373. Hypertrophic Scar - description
|
A373. Excessive proliferation of collagen after skin trauma
|
|
Q374. Hypertrophic Scar - difference btw keloids?
|
A374. limited to site of original trauma
|
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Q375. Vitiligo - pathophys
|
A375. Acquired condition with complete absence of melanocytes and pigment in epidermis
|
|
Q376. Vitiligo - what layer of skin is involved?
|
A376. Epidermis only;; dermis is normal
|
|
Q377. Vitiligo - what are the depigmented lesions prone to?
|
A377. sunburn
|
|
Q378. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - description
|
A378. Malignant tumor of epithelial keratinocytes
|
|
Q379. SCC - etiology (7)
|
A379. 1. UVB; 2. Ionizing radiation; 3. Chemical carcinogens; 4. Chronic inflammatory conditions; 5. Immunosuppression; 6. Genetic syndromes; 7. Oncogenic HPVs
|
|
Q380. SCC - common sites (3); Metastasis?
|
A380. 1. Ears; 2. Upper face; 3. back of hands; Definite metastatic potential to LN, liver, brain, bone, lungs
|
|
Q381. SCC - lesion
|
A381. Ulcerated, firm nodules; Verrucous plaques; Keratotic scale; NO telangiectasias!
|
|
Q382. SCC - does it have overlying telangiectasia?
|
A382. NO
|
|
Q383. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Types (4)
|
A383. 1. Nodular (most common); 2. Morpheaform; 3. Superificial (arsenic exposure); 4. Pigmented
|
|
Q384. BCC - location?; Metastasis?
|
A384. 95% above clavicle; Rarely metastasize (still has potential for local destruction)
|
|
Q385. BCC - lesion
|
A385. Pearly papule with telangiectasia (Nodular form)
|
|
Q386. Melanoma - description
|
A386. Cancer of pigment-forming cells (melanocytes) and nevus cells
|
|
Q387. Melanoma - evaluation (4)
|
A387. A: Asymmetry; B: Borders (irregular); C: Color variability; D: Diameter (>6mm)
|
|
Q388. Melanoma - Forms (4)
|
A388. 1. Superficial spreading - long radial growth; trunk; 2. Nodular - no radial growth; 3. Lentigo Maligna - longest radial growth; 4. Acral Lentiginous - palms, SOLES, terminal phalanges; in darker people
|
|
Q389. Dysplastic Nevus - what is it?
|
A389. Hyperplasia and proliferation of melanocytes in basal cell layer
|
|
Q390. Dysplastic Nevus - what is it a possible precursor to?
|
A390. Superficial spreading melanoma
|
|
Q391. Erythema Nodosum - what is it?
|
A391. Painful, tender, warm nodules usually on lower legs
|
|
Q392. Erythema Nodosum - cause (6)
|
A392. 1. Infectious; 2. Drugs; 3. Sarcoidosis; 4. UC; 5. Behcet's; 6. Idiopathic
|
|
Q393. Erythema Nodosum - how long does it last?
|
A393. Spontaneous resolution in 6 weeks
|
|
Q394. Acne Vulgaris - what is it?
|
A394. Inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous units in skin
|
|
Q395. Acne Vulgaris - types of comedomes?
|
A395. 1. Open Comedone = black head; 2. Closed Comedone = white head
|
|
Q396. Acne Vulgaris - Tx (4)
|
A396. 1. Topical Antibiotics (clinda, erythro); 2. Benzoyl Peroxide; 3. Topical Retinoids; 4. High dose Estrogen
|
|
Q397. Acne Rosacea - what is it?
|
A397. Chronic, acneiform inflammation of pilosebaceous units of face; AND; Increased capillary reactivity to heat
|
|
Q398. Acne Rosacea - common vascular findings? (2)
|
A398. 1. Flushing; 2. Telangiectasia
|
|
Q399. Acne Rosacea - are comedones involved?
|
A399. NO
|
|
Q400. Acne Rosacea - are the lesions symmetrical?
|
A400. YES
|
|
Q401. Folliculitis - what is it?
|
A401. Infection of upper portion of hair follicle
|
|
Q402. Folliculitis - causes? (2)
|
A402. 1. S. Aureus; 2. Pseudomonas
|
|
Q403. Folliculitis - Tx (2)
|
A403. 1. Topical Mupirocin; 2. Systemic Dicloxacillin or cephalexin
|
|
Q404. Hidradenitis Suppurativa - what is it?
|
A404. Chronic, suppurative, cicatricial disease of apocrine gland- bearing skin
|
|
Q405. Hidradenitis Suppurativa - locations? (2)
|
A405. 1. Axillae; 2. Anogenital region
|
|
Q406. Pemphigus Vulgaris - what is it?
|
A406. Intra-epidermal blistering
|
|
Q407. Pemphigus Vulgaris - pathophys
|
A407. Autoantibodies forming against cell walls lead to acantholysis
|
|
Q408. Pemphigus Vulgaris - dx
|
A408. Immunofluorescence staining of IgG autoantibodies or antigens in epidermis
|
|
Q409. Pemphigus Foliaceous - what is it?
|
A409. Benign variation of pemphigus
|
|
Q410. Pemphigus Foliaceous - pathophys
|
A410. acantholysis or loss of intracellular adhesions leading to superficial blisters
|
|
Q411. Bullous Pemphigoid - pathophys
|
A411. Blistering from antibodies forming along basement membrane
|
|
Q412. Bullous Pemphigoid - dx
|
A412. Immunofluorescence staining of IgG along BM
|
|
Q413. Bullous Pemphigoid - compared to Pemphigus?
|
A413. 1. Thicker, lasts longer; 2. Can have ocular involvement
|
|
Q414. Herpes Gestaciones - what is it a variant of?
|
A414. Bullous Pemphigoid
|
|
Q415. Herpes Gestaciones - when does it occur?
|
A415. Occurs only during pregnancy
|
|
Q416. Herpes Gestaciones - tx
|
A416. Can treat with steroids, but usually resolves after pregnancy
|
|
Q417. Dermatitis Herpetiformis - what is this a skin equivalent of?
|
A417. Celiac Disease
|
|
Q418. Dermatitis Herpetiformis - histology
|
A418. Neutrophils on tips of dermal papillae
|
|
Q419. Dermatitis Herpetiformis - lesions
|
A419. 1. Similar to hives, but non-transient; 2. Itch and burn; 3. Symmetric lesions on extremities
|
|
Q420. Dermatitis Herpetiformis - tx (2)
|
A420. 1. Gluten-free diet; 2. Dapsone
|
|
Q421. Generalized Pruritus - description
|
A421. Pruritus occuring all over body
|
|
Q422. Generalized Pruritus - lesions
|
A422. Scratch marks from compulsive scratching; NO primary lesions; Only secondary changes (lichenification)
|
|
Q423. Generalized Pruritus - causes
|
A423. 1. Metabolic/Endocrine; 2. Malignancies; 3. Drugs; 4. Infestations; 5. Hepatic Disease; 6. Hematological Disease; 7. Psychogenic
|
|
Q424. Exfoliative Erythroderma - description
|
A424. Generalized, uniform redness and scaling
|
|
Q425. Exfoliative Erythroderma - how much of body is involved?
|
A425. >90%
|
|
Q426. Exfoliative Erythroderma - causes? (5)
|
A426. 1. 20% Unknown; 2. 20% Psoriasis; 3. Atopic Dermatitis; 4. Drug Allergies; 5. Leukemia/Lymphoma
|
|
Q427. Exfoliative Erythroderma - complications (5)
|
A427. 1. Inability to regulate temp; 2. Electrolyte disturbance; 3. Third-spacing; 4. Hypoalbuminemia; 5. High output cardiac failure from widespread cap dilation
|
|
Q428. Exfoliative Erythroderma - mortality rate?
|
A428. 25%
|
|
Q429. Septicemia - what cutaneous manifestations are associated with it? (4)
|
A429. 1. Petechiae; 2. Palpable Purpura; 3. Ecthyma Gangrenosum; 4. Endocarditis
|
|
Q430. Petechiae - what infections is it associated with? (3)
|
A430. 1. Meningococcus; 2. H. Flu; 3. RMSF
|
|
Q431. Palpable Purpura - causes (3)
|
A431. 1. Septic Emboli (MGC, RMSF); 2. Leukocytoplakia; 3. Vaculitis (HSP)
|
|
Q432. Palpable Purpura - locations
|
A432. Acral regions (extremities and peripheral parts)
|
|
Q433. Endocarditis - what are the various signs? (4)
|
A433. 1. Janeway lesions - hemorrhagic macules on volar fingers; 2. Osler's Nodes - voilaceous tender nodules on volar surface of fingers; 3. Subconjunctival Hemorrhage - submucosal hemorrhage; 4. Splinter Hemorrhage - subungual hemorrhage in midportion of nailbed
|
|
Q434. Ecthyma Gangrenosum - description
|
A434. Ulcerative bacterial infection that extends into dermis AND subcutaneous tissue
|
|
Q435. Ecthyma Gangrenosum - lesions
|
A435. violaceous vesicles, pustules, or ulcer with raised borders
|
|
Q436. Ecthyma Gangrenosum - causes (3)
|
A436. 1. Staph; 2. Pseudomonas; 3. Gram Neg Bacteremia
|
|
Q437. Ecthyma Gangrenosum - what happens to skin?
|
A437. Becomes necrotic and eschar
|
|
Q438. Pyoderma Gangrenosum - description
|
A438. Rapidly evolving; Acute onset of extremely painful, boggy, blue/red ulcers; Purulent necrotic bases
|
|
Q439. Pyoderma Gangrenosum - where do lesions typically develop?
|
A439. At sites of trauma
|
|
Q440. Pyoderma Gangrenosum - Causes (8)
|
A440. 1. Idiopathic; 2. UC; 3. Crohn's; 4. Diverticulitis; 5. Arthritis; 6. Leukemia; 7. Chronic Hepatitis; 8. Behcet's
|
|
Q441. Sweet's Syndrome - aka
|
A441. Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis
|
|
Q442. Sweet's Syndrome - lesions
|
A442. Sudden onset of bright red, smooth, tender, inflammatory papules; Coalesce to form plaques
|
|
Q443. Sweet's Syndrome - associated with what sx's? (3)
|
A443. 1. Fever; 2. Arthralgias; 3. Peripheral leukocytosis
|
|
Q444. Sweet's Syndrome - associated with what conditions? (3)
|
A444. 1. Yersinia; 2. Febrile URT infection; 3. Leukemias
|
|
Q445. Dermatomyositis - types of lesions (4)
|
A445. 1. Violaceous inflammatory changes of eyelids and periorbital area; 2. Erythema of face, neck, and upper trunk; 3. Gottron's Papules - flat topped violaceous papules over knuckles; 4. Periungal telangiectasia with erythema
|
|
Q446. Dermatomyositis - muscular finding? (3)
|
A446. 1. Proximal muscle weakness; 2. Muscle atrophy; 3. Muscle tenderness
|
|
Q447. Lupus Erythematosus - types
|
A447. 1. Acute Cutaneous = Systemic; 2. Chronic Cutaneous = Discoid
|
|
Q448. SLE - lesions (2)
|
A448. 1. Butterfly/malar rash; 2. Generalized rash
|
|
Q449. SLE - Generalized rash locations
|
A449. 1. Face; 2. Dorsum of hands (spares knuckles); 3. Arms; 4. V of neck; 5. Periungual telangiectasia
|
|
Q450. Discoid LE - what other skin disease does it look similar to?
|
A450. Psoriasis
|
|
Q451. Diabetes-related cutaneous manifestations? (3)
|
A451. 1. Acanthosis Nigricans; 2. Necrobiosis Lipoidica; 3. Diabetic Dermopathy
|
|
Q452. Acanthosis Nigricans - description
|
A452. Diffuse, velvety, thickening and hyperpigmentation of skin
|
|
Q453. Acanthosis Nigricans - Locations
|
A453. Body Folds - Axillae, neck, groin, etc
|
|
Q454. Acanthosis Nigricans - associations? (5)
|
A454. 1. Insulin resistance; 2. GI tract malignancy; 3. Obesity; 4. Drugs; 5. Hereditary disorders
|
|
Q455. Necrobiosis Lipoidica - lesions
|
A455. Distinctive, sharply circumscribed multicolored plaques; Large symmetric plaques
|
|
Q456. Necrobiosis Lipoidica - locations
|
A456. Anterior and lateral surfaces of lower legs
|
|
Q457. Diabetic Dermopathy - lesions
|
A457. -Circumscribed, atrophic, slightly depressed, brownish lesions
|
|
Q458. Diabetic Dermopathy - locations
|
A458. Lower legs
|
|
Q459. Diabetic Dermopathy - what is is accompanied by?
|
A459. Microangiopathy
|
|
Q460. Myxedema - what disease does it occur in?
|
A460. Thyroid disease
|
|
Q461. Myxedema - in HYPERthyroidism?
|
A461. Pretibial Myxedema
|
|
Q462. Pretibial Myxedema - lesions
|
A462. Bilateral, asymmetric, firm, non-pitting nodules; Later lesions are confluence of earlier lesions covering pretibial region
|
|
Q463. Myxedema - in HYPOthyroidism?
|
A463. Hypothyroid Myxedema
|
|
Q464. Hypothyroid Myxedema - pathophy
|
A464. Insufficient production of thyroid hormones causes accumulation of water binding mucopolysaccharides in the dermis
|
|
Q465. Hypothyroid Myxedema - features (5)
|
A465. 1. Thickening of facial features; 2. Doughy induration of skin; 3. Puffy eyelids; 4. Broadened nose; 5. Lips thickened
|
|
Q466. Sarcoidosis - description
|
A466. Chronic granulomatous inflammation affecting diverse organs but presents primarily as skin lesions, eye lesions, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltration
|
|
Q467. Sarcoidosis - granulomatous skin lesions
|
A467. Multiple circinate, confluent, firm, brownish-red infiltrated plaques
|
|
Q468. Lupus Pernio - what is it associated with?
|
A468. Sarcoidosis
|
|
Q469. Lupus Pernio - lesion
|
A469. Violaceous, soft doughy infiltration of cheeks and nose; (Grossly enlarged, purple nose)
|