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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
this bone is smaller, more laterally located, and articulates only with the ankle
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fibula
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this bone articulates with the lateral and medial condyles, lateral and medial epicondyles, and the intercondylar notch
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distal femur
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this bone articules with both knee and ankle and is larger and more medially located
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tibia
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what are the 2 main joints of the knee
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tibiofemoral joint
patellofemoral joint |
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what makes extension the most stable position of the knee joint
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ligaments and the joint capsule
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Knee stability:
- the quariceps tendon, the patellar ligaments, and extensor muscles make this part of the knee stable |
anterior stability
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knee stability:
- the lateral and medial collateral ligaments, the IT band, and pes anserunus give this part of the knee stability |
medial-lateral stability
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knee stability:
- the knee flexor muscles give this part of the knee stability |
posterior stability
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these ligaments provide stability, primarily with full extension, making extension the most stable position of the knee
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anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
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how many degrees of freedom does the knee have?
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2-
flexion- extension rotation |
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most common disease that affects bones in the knee
- cartilage in knee gradually wears away, causeing pain and swelling. injuries and tendons also cause knee problems |
arthritis
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common sports injury that occurs by a sudden twisting motion.
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ACL injury
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knock knee is also called
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excessive genu valgum
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bow leg is also called
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genu varum
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primary function of _____________ is to absorb shock and impart thrust to the body during walking and running
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ankle and foot
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the ankle and foot have..
___ bones ___ligaments ___muscles making it the most stable, congruent joint in the body |
26 bones
100 ligaments 30 muscles |
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this is the articulation of the fibua and tibia with the talus of the foot
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talocrural joint
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how many degrees of freedom are in the ankle?
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1-- dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
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the talus and calcaneus make up what part of the foot?
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rearfoot
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the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms make up this part of the foot
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midfoot
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the five metatarsals and 14 phalanges makes up what part of the foot?
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forefoot
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flat foot is known as..
- defect of foot that eliminates the arch - condition is most often inherited if it happens in adulthood it is called posterior tibial tendon dysfunction |
pes planus
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claw foot is known as..
- deformity fo the foot that is marked by very high arches and very long toes - hereditary condition but can also occur when muscles in the foot contract or become unbalanced due to nerve or muscle disorders |
pes cavus
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deformity of the foot in which the toes are pointed down and the arch is higg
- can be a condition from birth or develop as a consequence from other disorders |
claw toe
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portion of the gait cycle in which one foot is in contact with the ground
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stance phase
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instance in which the body is directly over the foot
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midstance
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portion of the gait cycle in which one foot does not have contact with ground
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swing phase
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time when both feet are on the ground; two periods overlap the stance phase during one gait cycle
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double support
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time that elapses during stance phase of one extremity
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stance time
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distance from heel strike of one foot to heel striek of the other foot
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stride length
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number of steps per unit time
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cadence
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linear distance between midpoint of heel of one foot and same point on the other foot
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width of base of support
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angle of foot placement from the line of progression
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degree of toe out
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bringing leg into abduction during swing phase
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circumduction
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decreased time from heel strike to foot flat (foot drop)
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foot slap
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increased hip and knee flexion furing swing phase
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steppage
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painful gait patern in which step length is shortened on one side
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antalgic
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leadning with one side of the body
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unilateral lead
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bringing the pelvis up on the side of the advancing leg during swing phase
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hip hiking
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weak abductor muscles on the stance leg
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Trendelenburg or gluteus medius gait
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running like steps with little forward progression, involuntary acceleration
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festinating
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wide based, uncoordinated staggering patter
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ataxia
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at what height should walker be adjusted to?
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at wrist crease
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the ability to control the center of gravity over the base of support in a given sensory environment
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balance
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what are the 3 major components of postural control?
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sensory input
central integration motor output |
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what are the 3 sensory inputs for postural orientation?
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visual
somatosensory vestibular |
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what are the 4 automatic postural responses?
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ankle strategy
hip strategy suspensory strategy stepping strategy |
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this strategy...
- bilateral hip and knee flexion lowers center of gravity to make balance easier to maintain |
suspensory strategy
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strategy..
= step to prevent a fal - center of gravity exceeds loss of support boudanry - reestablish new base of support underneath shifted center of gravity |
stepping strategy
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strategy..
- head and hips move in same direction -slow/ small perturbation - surface firm, broad, wider than feet -contractions distal to proximal |
ankle strategy
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strategy...
- head and hips move in opposite directions - large/ fast perturbation - surface unstable or shorter than feet -contractions proximal to distal |
hip strategy
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