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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Blood functions? |
– Transports
– Regulates – Protects |
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Oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells is what blood function?
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Transportation
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PH and body temperature is what blood function?
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Regulation
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Blood _____ the body by blood clotting and phagocytosis?
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Protects
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Blood composition involves?
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– Connective Tissue
– Plasma – Formed Elements – Hematocrit |
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With blood composition, what % is plasma?
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55%
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With blood composition, water, proteins, and other solutes is what?
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Plasma
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With blood composition, what % is formed elements?
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45%
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With blood composition, what has RBCs, WBC's, and platelets?
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Formed Elements
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With blood composition, what is % RBC's?
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Hematocrit
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With blood composition, plasma has what % of water?
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92%
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With blood composition, plasma has what % of plasma proteins?
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7%
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With blood composition, what are the plasma proteins?
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– Albumins
– Globulins – Fibrinogens |
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What plasma protein is blood pressure?
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Albumins
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What plasma protein is antibodies?
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Globulins
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What plasma protein is clotting?
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Fibrinogens
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With blood composition, other solutes are what %?
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1%
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This is the formation of blood cells, and occurs in red bone marrow of adult spongy bone?
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Hemopoiesis
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Hemopoiesis is found in what bones?
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– Axial Skeleton
– Pelvic Bones – Ends of Long Bones |
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RBC's is also known as?
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Erthrocytes
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RBC count?
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About 5 million/UL
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With RBC structure, there is no _____, and it limits the lifespan to __-__months?
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– Nucleus
– 3 – 4 Months |
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With RBC structure, _____ disc shape increases gas exchange?
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Biconcave
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With RBC structure, _____ transports oxygen and carbon dioxide?
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Hemoglobin
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Reduced hematocrit (% RBC's) decreases oxygen delivery causing fatigue and intolerance to cold is what?
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Anemia
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Most common form of anemia?
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Iron – Deficiency
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Excessive blood loss with anemia?
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Hemorrhagic
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With RBC production, the formation of just RBCs is?
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Erythropoiesis
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With RBC production, erythropoiesis is controlled by what feedback?
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Negative
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What is it called when the oxygen deficiency of kidneys stimulates erythropoietin production?
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Hypoxia
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With RBC production, these developed into mature RBCs?
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Reticulocytes
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With RBC production, this is artificially or naturally increasing RBCs?
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Blood Doping
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Normally RBC production _____ RBC destruction?
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Equals
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RBC lifespan?
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3 – 4 Months
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This is a product of RBC destruction, and excessive amounts are associated with jaundice?
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Bilirubin
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White blood cells (WBCs) are also known as?
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Leukocytes
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Normal WBC count?
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5000 – 10,000/UL
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With infections, the WBC count increases or decreases?
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Increases
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High abnormal WBC count is called?
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Leukocytosis
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Low abnormal WBC count is called?
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Leukopenia
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WBCs have 2 classes?
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– Granular
– Agranular |
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With WBCs, what class has neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
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Granular
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With WBCs, what class has lymphocytes, and monocytes?
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Agranular
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Major function of WBCs?
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Defense during Infection and Inflammation
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WBC types?
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– Neutrophils
– Eosinophils – Basophils – Lymphocytes – Monocytes |
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What WBC type is 1st responders to infection and are phagocytosis, and most abundant?
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Neutrophils
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What WBC type reduce inflammation?
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Eosinophils
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What WBC type intensify inflammation?
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Basophils
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What WBC type develop into macrophages and are phagocytosis?
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Monocytes
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What WBC type has 3 types, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells?
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Lymphocytes
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Thrombocytes are?
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Platelets
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Normal platelet count?
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150,000 – 400,000/UL
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With platelet functions, it forms a platelet _____ in damaged blood vessels during _____?
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– Plug
– Hemostasis |
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Stops bleeding & avoids hemorrhaging?
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Hemostasis
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With hemostasis, what are the 3 events that stop bleeding and avoid hemorrhaging?
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– Vascular Spasm
– Platelet Plug Formation – Coagulation |
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With hemostasis, what event is where blood vessel smooth muscle contracts?
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Vascular Spasm
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With hemostasis, what event has platelet adhesion and aggregation, and platelets stick and accumulate?
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Platelet Plug Formation
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With hemostasis, what event has a series of chemical reactions involving clotting factors?
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Coagulation
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Coagulation has a _____ feedback response that forms _____ by activating clotting factors?
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– Positive
– Fibrin |
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With coagulation, what is fibrin and blood cells?
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Clot
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With coagulation, what is plasma, minus clotting proteins?
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Serum
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What are the 3 stages of coagulation?
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– Prothrombinase Is Formed
– Prothrombin –> Thrombin – Fibrinogen –> Fibrin –> Clot |
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1st stage of coagulation?
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Prothrombinase Is Formed
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2nd stage of coagulation?
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Prothrombin –> Thrombin
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3rd stage of coagulation?
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Fibrinogen –> Fibrin –> Clot
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Calcium and _____ __ is required in coagulation?
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Vitamin K
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With clot retraction and vessel repair, a fibrin clot _____ (_____)?
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Retracts (tightens)
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With clot retraction and vessel repair, what pulls sides of wound together?
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Fibrin Clot
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With clot retraction and vessel repair, this is where fibroblast replace connective tissue?
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Repair
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With vessel repair, what kind of cells repair lining?
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Epithelial
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With hemostatic control mechanisms, what is the breakdown of clots by plasmin?
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Fibrinolysis
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Fibrinolysis inactivated?
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Plasminogen –> Plasmin
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With homeostatic control mechanisms, what is inappropriate clots that may be triggered by roughness in the blood vessel wall?
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Thrombosis
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Stationary clot?
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Thrombus
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Traveling clot?
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Embolus
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Blood thinners?
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Anticoagulants
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What anticoagulant is warfarnn (Coumadin)?
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Heparin
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What anticoagulant inhibits platelet (aggregation)?
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Aspirin
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RBC's has _____(_____) on cell surfaces?
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– Antigens (markers)
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Blood groups consist of __ or more blood types?
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2
|
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There are > ___ blood groups?
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24
|
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2 examples of blood groups?
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– ABO Blood Group
– Rh Blood Group |
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What blood group has type A, B, AB, and O?
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ABO Blood Group
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What blood group has Rh+ and Rh–?
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Rh Blood Group
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Blood types are determined _____?
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Genetically
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With the ABO blood group, what 2 types of antigens are on RBC's?
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– A
– B |
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What blood type only have A antigens?
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Type A
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What blood type only have B antigens?
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Type B
|
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What blood type has both A and B Antigens?
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Type AB
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What blood type has neither A or B antigens?
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Type O
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With the ABO blood group, the blood plasma usually contains _____?
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Antibodies
|
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Blood plasma has 2 types of antibodies?
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– Anti-A Antibody
– Anti-B Antibody |
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Antibodies react with _____?
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Antigens
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Plasma _____ antibodies against own antigens?
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Lack
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What blood type has anti-B antibodies?
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Type A
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What blood type has anti-A antibodies?
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Type B
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What blood type has neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies?
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Type AB
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What blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
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Type O
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With ABO groups, what is the universal cell donor?
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Type O Cells
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With ABO groups, what is the universal plasma donor?
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Type AB Plasma
|
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With ABO groups, what is the universal cell recipient?
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Type AB Cells
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With ABO groups, what is the universal plasma recipient?
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Type O Plasma
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Rh blood types?
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– Rh+
– Rh- |
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Which Rh type have antigens on RBC's?
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Rh+
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Which Rh type lack antigens on RBC's?
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Rh-
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Most people have _____ blood type and _____ anti-Rh antibodies?
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– Rh+
– Lack |
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Anti-Rh antibodies develop in _____ people after exposure to _____ during pregnancy?
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– Rh-
– Rh+ |
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Facility that collects and stores blood?
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Blood Bank
|
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Inherited deficiency in clotting?
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Hemophilia
|
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Yellowish discoloration of skin due to excessive production of bilirubin?
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Jaundice
|
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Abnormal increase in hematocrit (% RBC's)?
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Polycythemia
|
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Blood poisoning?
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Septicemia
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