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59 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
bicarbonate
|
22-26
high = comp. resp. acidosis, metabolic alkalosis Low = comp. resp. alkalosis, metabolic acidosis |
high = comp. resp. acidosis, metabolic alkalosis
Low= comp. resp. alkalosis, metabolic acidosis |
|
Bilirubin (total)
|
.2-1.3
High = biliary obstruction, hemolytic anemia, impaired liver func., pernicious anemia, prolonged fasting |
High = biliary obstruction, hemolytic anemia, impaired liver func., pernicious anemia, prolonged fasting
|
|
Arterial/Venous pH
|
7.35 - 7.45
High = Alkalosis Low = Acidosis |
High = Alkalosis
Low = Acidosis |
|
Arterial PaCO2
|
35 - 45
High = Comp. met. alkalosis Low = Comp. met. acidosis |
High = Comp. met. alkalosis
Low = Comp. met. acidosis |
|
Venous PaCO2
|
42 - 52
High = respiratory acidosis Low = respiratory alkalosis |
High = respiratory acidosis
Low = respiratory alkalosis |
|
Arterial PaO2
|
75 - 100
High = administration of high concentration of oxygen Low = chronic lung disease, decreased cardiac output |
High = administration of high concentration of oxygen
Low = chronic lung disease, decreased cardiac output |
|
Venous PaO2
|
30 - 50
|
|
|
b-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
|
<100
High = Heart Failure |
High = Heart Failure
|
|
Calcium
(Ca) |
9 - 11
High = Acute osteoporosis, hyper parathyroidism, multiple myeloma, Vit D intoxication Low = Acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, Vit D deficiency |
High = Acute osteoporosis, hyper parathyroidism, multiple myeloma, Vit D intoxication
Low = Acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, Vit D deficiency |
|
Chloride
|
95 - 105
High = Corticosteroid therapy, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, uremia Low = Addison's disease, diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, vomiting |
High = Corticosteroid therapy, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, uremia
Low = Addison's disease, diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, vomiting |
|
Cholesterol
|
140 - 200
high = biliary obstruction, hypoparathyroidism, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes low = corticosteroid therapy, extensive liver disease, hypethyroidism, malnutrition |
high = biliary obstruction, hypoparathyroidism, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes
low = corticosteroid therapy, extensive liver disease, hypethyroidism, malnutrition |
|
High density lipoproteins
HDL |
Male >45
Femal > 55 |
|
|
Low densitity lipoproteins
LDL |
<130
|
|
|
CK-MB
|
0 - 9
High = Acute myocardial infarction |
High = Acute myocardial infarction
|
|
Creatinine
|
0.5 - 1.5
High = Severe renal disease |
High = Severe renal disease
|
|
Fasting Glucose
|
70 - 100
High = Acute stress, cerebral lesions, Cushing's disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic insufficiency Low = Addison's disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, insulin overdose, pancreatic tumor, pituitary hypofunction, postgastrectomy dumping syndrome |
High = Acute stress, cerebral lesions, Cushing's disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic insufficiency
Low = Addison's disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, insulin overdose, pancreatic tumor, pituitary hypofunction, postgastrectomy dumping syndrome |
|
Iron
Fe |
50 - 150
High = Excessive red blood cell destruction Low = Anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia |
High = Excessive red blood cell destruction
Low = Anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia |
|
Lactic acid
|
5 - 20
|
High = Acidosis, heart failure, shock
|
|
Magnesium
Mg |
1.5 - 2.5
or 1.3 - 2.1 High = Addison's disease, hypothyroidism, renal failure Low = Chronic alcoholism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, severe malabsorption |
High = Addison's disease, hypothyroidism, renal failure
Low = Chronic alcoholism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, severe malabsorption |
|
Oxygen Saturation
(Arterial) |
95% - 98%
High = polycythemia Low = Anemia, cardiac decompensation, respiratory disorders |
High = polycythemia
Low = Anemia, cardiac decompensation, respiratory disorders |
|
Phosphorus
|
2.8 - 4.5
High = healing fractures, hypoparathyroidism, renal disease, vitamin D intoxication Low = Diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency |
High = healing fractures, hypoparathyroidism, renal disease, vitamin D intoxication
Low = Diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency |
|
Potassium
K |
3.5 - 5.0
High = Addison's disease, diabetic ketosis, massive tissue destruction, renal failure Low = Cushing syndrome, diarrhea (severe), diuretic therapy, gastrointestinal fistula, pyloric obstruction, starvation, vomiting |
|
|
Total Proteins
|
6.0 - 8.0
High = Burns, cirrhosis, dehydration Low = Congenital agammaglobulinemia, liver disease, malabsorption |
|
|
Albumin/globulin ration
|
1.5:1 - 2.5:1
High = Multiple myeloma, shock, vomiting Low = Malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal disease, severe burns |
High = Multiple myeloma, shock, vomiting
Low = Malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal disease, severe burns |
|
Sodium
Na |
135 - 145
High = Corticosteroid therapy, dehydration, impaired remal function, primary aldosteronism Low = Addison's disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, diuretic therapy, excessive loss from gastorintestinal tract, excessive perspiration, water intoxication |
High = Corticosteroid therapy, dehydration, impaired remal function, primary aldosteronism
Low = Addison's disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, diuretic therapy, excessive loss from gastorintestinal tract, excessive perspiration, water intoxication |
|
Albumin
|
3.5 - 5.0
High = dehydration, burns Low = Chronic liver disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, congenital agammaglobulinemia, pregnancy, |
High = dehydration, burns,
Low = Chronic liver disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, congenital agammaglobulinemia, pregnancy, |
|
T4
Thyroxine (total) |
5 - 12
High = Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis Low = Cretinism, hypothyroidism, myxedema |
High = Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis
Low = Cretinism, hypothyroidism, myxedema |
|
T4
thyroxine (free) |
.8 - 2.3
High = Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis Low = Cretinism, hypothyroidism, myxedema |
High = Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis
Low = Cretinism, hypothyroidism, myxedema |
|
AST
Aspartate aminotransferase |
7 - 40
High = Acute hepatitis, liver disease, myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction |
High = Acute hepatitis, liver disease, myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction
|
|
ALT
Alanine aminotransferasee |
5 - 36
High = Liver disease, shock |
High = Liver disease, shock
|
|
Triglycerides
|
40 - 150
High = Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, liver disease Low = malnutrition |
High = Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, liver disease
Low = malnutrition |
|
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen |
10 - 30
High = Increase in protein catabolism (fever, stress), renal disease, UTI |
High = Increase in protein catabolism (fever, stress), renal disease, UTI
Low = Malnutirion, severe liver damage |
|
Uric Acid
|
male 4.5 - 6.5
female 2.5 - 5.5 high = Eclampsia, gout, gross tissue destruction, high-protein weight reduction diet, leukemia, renal failure Low = Administration of uricosuric drugs |
high = Eclampsia, gout, gross tissue destruction, high-protein weight reduction diet, leukemia, renal failure
Low = Administration of uricosuric drugs |
|
B12
Cobalamin |
200 - 1000
High = Chronic myeloid leukemia Low = Malabsorption |
High = Chronic myeloid leukemia
Low = Malabsorption syndrome, pernisious anemia, strict vegetarianism, total or partial gastrectomy |
|
Zinc
|
50 - 150
Low = alcoholic cirrhosis |
Low = alcoholic cirrhosis
|
|
aPTT
Activated partial thromboplastin time |
24 - 36 sec
High = Deficiency of factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII; hemophilia, heparin therapy, liver disease |
High = Deficiency of factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII; hemophilia, heparin therapy, liver disease
|
|
PT
Prothrombin time, protime |
10 - 14 sec
High = deficiency of factors I, II, V, VII, and X; wafarin therapy |
High = deficiency of factors I, II, V, VII, and X; wafarin therapy
|
|
D-Dimer
|
Negative
Positive = DIC, deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, unstable angina |
|
|
RBC
Erythrocyte count |
male 4.5 - 6.0 x 10-6
female 4.0 - 5.0 x 10-6 High = dehydration, high altitudes, polycythemia vera, severe diarrhea Low = Anemia, leukemia, posthemorrhage |
High = dehydration, high altitudes, polycythemia vera, severe diarrhea
Low = Anemia, leukemia, posthemorrhage |
|
Hematocrit
|
male 40% - 54%
female 38% - 47% High = Dehydration, high altitudes, polycythemia Low = Anemia, hemorrhage, overhydration |
High = Dehydration, high altitudes, polycythemia
Low = Anemia, hemorrhage, overhydration |
|
Hemoglobin
|
male 13.5 - 18
female 12 - 16 High = COPD, high altitudes, polycythemia Low = Anemia, hemorrhage |
High = COPD, high altitudes, polycythemia
Low = Anemia, hemorrhage |
|
platelet count
|
150 -400 x 10-3
High = Acute infections, chronic graanulocytic leukemia, chronic pancreatitis, currhosis, collagen disorders, polycytheemia, postsplenectomy Low = Acute Leukemia, DIC, thrombocytopenic purpura |
High = Acute infections, chronic graanulocytic leukemia, chronic pancreatitis, currhosis, collagen disorders, polycytheemia, postsplenectomy
Low = Acute Leukemia, DIC, thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
WBC
|
4 - 11 x 10-3
High = Inflammatory and infectious processes, leukemia Low = Aplastic anemia, S/E of chemotherapy & radiation |
High = Inflammatory and infectious processes, leukemia
Low = Aplastic anemia, S/E of chemotherapy & radiation |
|
Band neutrophils
|
0% - 8%
High = Acute infections |
High = Acute infections
|
|
C - reactive protein
CRP |
Negative or < 1.2
Higher = Acute infections, any inflammatory condition, widespread malignancy |
Higher = Acute infections, any inflammatory condition, widespread malignancy
|
|
IgA
|
90 - 400
High = Autoimmune disorders, chronic infection, chronic liver disease, IgA myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis Low = Burns, hereditary telangiectasia, malabsorption syndromes |
High = Autoimmune disorders, chronic infection, chronic liver disease, IgA myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis
Low = Burns, hereditary telangiectasia, malabsorption syndromes |
|
IgD
|
0.5 - 12
High = Chronic infection, connective tissue disease |
High = Chronic infection, connective tissue disease
|
|
IgE
|
< 1
High = Anaphylatic shock, atopic disease (allergies), parasite infections |
High = Anaphylatic shock, atopic disease (allergies), parasite infections
|
|
IgG
|
650 - 1800
High = hepatitis, IgG monoclonal gammopathy, infections: acute & chronic, systemic lupus erythematosus Low = Acquired deficiencies, burns, congenital deficiencies, immunosuppresion, nephrotic syndromes |
High = hepatitis, IgG monoclonal gammopathy, infections: acute & chronic, systemic lupus erythematosus
Low = Acquired deficiencies, burns, congenital deficiencies, immunosuppresion, nephrotic syndromes |
|
IgM
|
55 - 300
High = Acute infections, liver disease, rhematoid arthritis Low = congenital and acquired antibody deficiencies, lympocytic leukemia, protein-losing enteropathies |
High = Acute infections, liver disease, rhematoid arthritis
Low = congenital and acquired antibody deficiencies, lympocytic leukemia, protein-losing enteropathies |
|
Ketone bodies
(24 hr U/A) |
20 - 50
High = marked ketonuria |
High = marked ketonuria
|
|
pH of Urine
|
4 - 8
High = Chronic renal failure, compensatory phase of alkalosis, salicylate intoxication, vegetarian diet Low = compensatory phase of acidosis, dehydration, emphysema |
High = Chronic renal failure, compensatory phase of alkalosis, salicylate intoxication, vegetarian diet
Low = compensatory phase of acidosis, dehydration, emphysema |
|
Protein
(24 hr U/A) |
< 150mg /day
High = cardia failure, inflammatory process of urinary tract, nephritis, nephrosis, toxemia of pregnancy |
High = cardia failure, inflammatory process of urinary tract, nephritis, nephrosis, toxemia of pregnancy
|
|
Specific gravity
(urine) |
1.003 - 1.030
High = albuniuria, dehydration, glycosuria Low = hyponatremia |
|
|
Clay colored stool
|
Biliary obstruction or presence of barium sulfate
|
|
|
Tarry colored stool
|
More than 100 mL of blood in GI tract
|
|
|
Red colored stool
|
Blood in large intestine
|
|
|
Black colored stool
|
Blood in upper GI tract or iron medication
|
|
|
CSF pressure
|
60 - 150
mm H2O |
mm H2O
|