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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?
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Sensory store
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What is the modal model and who proposed it
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Atkinson and Shiffrin's dual store theory
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What are the properties of the modal model?
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Stm is short and brief while LTM is more durable
STM is limited while LTM is virtually unlimited Forgetting in STM occurs through displacement and replacement STM serves to transfer info into LTM through encoding |
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What are the two basic divisions of the long term memory?
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Semantic memory
Episodic memory |
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What is episodic memory?
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Personal memory system contains temporal and contextual info of when and where
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What is semantic memory?
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Store of general knowledge
contains facts, words, language and grammar |
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What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?
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Explicit memory tasks involve reporting on recall
Implicit memory tasks involve recording rate of performance with out consciousness |
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Two ways in which implicit knowledge is tested?
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Procedural learning
Priming |
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What is procedural learning characterized by?
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Acquisition of generalized rules for performing tasks or procedure
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What are the different combination of skills required for procedural learning?
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Cognitive skills
Motor Skills Perceptual Skills |
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Tulving's theory of monohierarchy?
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Procedural memory is divided into
Semantic memory which divides into Episodic memory |
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What is the perceptual representation system tulving describes in his monohierarchy theory
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Priming effect on memory is a system which overlaps onto procedural and semantic memory
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What is Squires method of memory?
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Division of memory into two parts
Declarative and Non Declarative Episodic and Semantic fit into the first Procedural Priming Habits and Classical condition fit into the second |
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What are three stages of memory?
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Encoding
Storage Retreival |
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What is state dependent retrieval?
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Memories encoded in one state of consciousness are more accessible in the same state
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What part of the brain does N.A. have impaired?
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the thalamus
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What is Depth of processing theory
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One memory system is hypothesized to exist
Degree of cognitive processing determines whether something is remembered |
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What type of processing leads to better retention in incidental learning?
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Deeper cognitive processing
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Testing with two cognitive tasks where one required more attention than the other is a form of testing for what?
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Level of Depth processing
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Two criticisms on Depth of Processing theory?
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No independent measures exist
Term "depth" is unclear. Elaboration or distinctiveness? |
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What is transfer appropriate processing theory?
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Recall of cognitive process use during encoding will aid in retrieval process
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How are explicit and implicit memory tested for in transfer appropriate theory?
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Explicit is done through elaborative processing
Implicit is done through perceptual operations (recognition of items) |
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Five assumptions made by the connectionist model?
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1. A neural network model, each neural unit can potentially connect to many others
2. Successive pairings of neurons strengthens connections 3. Neural Units can be activated much like a neuron- activation gradually fades to baseline 4. Threshold for activation: Multiple units may be required to activate a particular unit 5. There can be layers of activation: which deeper layers combine and summate to previous layers |
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What is a different name for neural units?
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Nodes
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What is the delta rule?
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Maximum activation minus
Current activation times Delta Thus showing the learning curve |
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What other sets of knowledge has the connectionist model been applied to?
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Semantic Memory
Spatial learning in hippocampus Instrument response - outcome contingencies Classically conditioned associations |
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How does the connectionist model describe short term memory?
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Items are activated in their neural representations, then slowly decay to baseline
Elaboration is the activation of multiple units |
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Explain the encoding and retrieval patterns in stages of memory using the connectionist theory?
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Encoding is the strengthening of connections
Retrieval is the activation of retrieval cues, which activate relevant cues. |
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What are the two dimensions of amnesia
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Cause related (physical or psychological)
Time related (trauma) |
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What are psychogenic amnesia?
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Functional amnesia due to trauma
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Forgetting events before a trauma is called?
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Retrograde amnesia
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Forgetting of events after trauma and inability to form memories?
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Anterograde amnesia
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Patients of what syndrome cannot form semantic memory, have trouble with episodic memory yet procedural memory remains intact?
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Amnesic Syndrome
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Korsakoff's syndrome is due to what?
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Alcohol abuse
Thiamine deficiency |
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Three explanations for amnesia of psychogenic amnesia?
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Repression
Emotional state dependence impeding recall Implicit memory, memory goes implicit |
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What are general items in everyday forgetting?
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Momentary forgetting
Prospective forgetting Absentmindedness Temporary forgetting of common names and words |