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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When this type of diuretic is given, the max anti-HTN effect is reached with doses below those required for the max diuretic effect
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thiazide diuretics
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What are some of the adverse effects of HCTZ
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Hypokalemia
slight hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia hyperglycemia lassitude, weakness, impotence |
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Clonidine and methyldopa are what type of drug
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alpha 2 selective agonists
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Methyldopa is a prodrug in that it is converted to the active form _______ in the brain
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methylnorepinepherine
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Clonidine and methyldopa reduce BP by
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reducing cardiac output, vascular resistance or both
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What is the major compensatory response to clonidine and methyldopa
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salt and water retention
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This drug must not be discontiued abruptly for danger of rebound HTN
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clonidine
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Methyldopa sideffects
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sedation, positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia
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Thise drugs block nicotinic receptors but because of their adverse effects they are considered obsolete.
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ganglion blockers
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Hexamethonium and trimethaphan are examples of what type of drug
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ganglion blockers
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the major compensatory response of ganglion blockers is
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salt and water retention
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major adverse side effects of ganglion blockers include
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sympathetic blockade - severe orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction
Para blockade - constipation, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction, urinary hesitancy |
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reserpine works to lower BP by
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depleting nerve terminal of NE
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guanethidine works to lower BP by
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blocking the release of stored NE from nerve terminal
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major compensatory response of reserpine and guanethidine is
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salt and water retention
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which readily enters the CNS, reserpine or guanethidine
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reserpine
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What is the most serious toxicity of reserpine use
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behavioral depression
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What are the major toxicities of guanethidine use?
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orthostatic hypertension and sexual dysfunction
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Which drugs can interfere with the action of guanethidine?
How do they do this? |
cocaine, TCAs
interfere with action of catecholamine reuptake pump (uptake1) |
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How do MAO inhibitors work?
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Create a false transmitter (octopamine) which competes with NE for space in the adrenergic terminal vessicles. Action potential releases this mixture that has diminished cardiac and vascular responses
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Why are MAO inhibitors not so frequently used for treatment of HTN?
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risk of hypertensive crisis if taken with large dose of indirect acting sympathomimetics (ie tyramine in a meal of fermented foods)
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How do alpha blockers work?
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reduce vascular resistance and venous return
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Why are non-selective alpha blockers of no use in chronic HTN?
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excessive compensatory responses (tachycardia)
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