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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the gonads?
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primary sex organs
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What is the primary sex organ of the female?
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ovaries
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What is the primary sex organ of the male?
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Testes
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What are the functions of the gonads?
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Produce sex cells (gametes)
- Oocyte (female) and sperm (male) Produce Sex hormone - estrogen progesterone and testosterone |
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How do hormones affect the reproductive system?
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maturation development and activity
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How is puberty initiated?
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by the hypothalamus increasing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
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During puberty, GnRH stimulates the release of gonadotropins ____ and ____ from anterior pituitary
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FSH and LH
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FSH and LH stimulate the ___ to produce ____ _____
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gonads
sex hormones |
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Increased sex hormones start the process of ____ _____ and _____ _____
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gamete maturation
sexual maturation |
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What is the perineum?
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diamond shaped bordered by the pubic symphisis, ischial tuberosities and coccyx
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What is the urogenital triangle?
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Pubic symphisis to ischial tuburosities
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What is the anal triangle?
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Coccyx to ischial tuberosities
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Female anatomy
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what is the outer covering of the ovaries called
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tunica albunginea
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what are the characteristics of the ovarian cortex
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follicles (oocytes surrounded by follicle cells)
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what are the characteristics of the ovarian medulla
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Loose connective tissue
contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves |
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how many follicles are girls born with
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1.5 million
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how many follicles remain at puberty
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400,000
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what is oogenesis
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maturation of primary oocyte to secondary oocyte
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Oogenesis and follicle development
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what are the ___ phases of the _____ day ovarian cycle
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3
28 Follicular ovulation luteal |
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what is the main process of the follicular phase
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FSH and LH stimulate maturation of follicle and oocyte
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what is the main process of the ovulation phase
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LH surge causes expulsion of oocyte from ovary
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what happens during the luteal phase
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-Remaining follicular cells turn into corpus luteum
-Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone, preparing uterus for possible implantation -Corpus luteum breaks down into a while scar called corpus albicans -Decrease in hormone release leads to menstruation |
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what days of the cycle are th follicular phase
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days 1-13
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what days are the ovulation phase
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14
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what days are the luteal phase
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15-28
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what are the regions of the uterine tubes
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fimbriae
ampulla |
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what is the most common site of fertilization
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ampulla
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what are the layers of the walls of the uterine tubes
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mucosa
muscularis serosa |
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what type of epithelium tissue is the mucosa layer of the walls of the uttering tube made of
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ciliated simple columnar
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what is an ectopic pregnancy
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implantation anywhere outside of the uterus
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what is a tubal pregancy
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ectopic pregnancy specifically in the uterine tube
uterine tube can't expand |
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is it possible for implantation to occur in the abdominal cavity?
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yes
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where is the uterus located
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posterior and superior to the bladder
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what are the functions of the uterus
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site of implantation
support, protect and nourish the embryo and fetus |
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anatomy of the uterus
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1-fundus
2-body 3-cervix 4-exernal os |
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what are the risk factor of cervical cancer
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-Human papilloma virus infection
-HIV infection -increase age |
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what is a papanicolaou smear
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test to detect cervical cancer
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what are the treatments for cervical cancer
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cone biopsy
hysterecomy |
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what are the ___ layers of the uterin wall
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1-perimetrium
2-myometrium 3-endometium |
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what are the characteristics of the myometrium
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muscularis
three smooth muscle layers |
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what are the characteristics of the endometrium
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mucosa with two layers
-stratum functional is -shed as menses -stratum basalis |
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what are the ___ phases of the ___ day menstrual cycle
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3
28 menstrual proliferative secretory |
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what happens during the mentrual phase of the menstrual cycle
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functional layer is sloughed
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what happens during the proliferative phase of the th menstrual cycle
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development of the functional layer
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what happens during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
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-further vascularization of the function layer
-ferther development of uterin glands |
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which phases are affected if a woman has a longer menstrual cycle
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menstrual and proliferative
secretory is always 14 days |
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what is edometriosis
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-endometrium is displaced onto external surface of organs within the abdominal cavity
-displaced endometrium can still grow in response to hormones but menses cannot be shed and expelled our of vagina -displaced endometrium causes pain, scarring and deformities |
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how is endometriosis treated
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hormones or surgery
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comparison of the ovarian and uterine cycles
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hormone levels and influences
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what are the anatomy structures of the vagina
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Fibromuscular tube
Distensible wall -Mucosa -Muscularis -Adventitia Fornix, rugae, vaginal orifice, vestibular glands, hymen |
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what are the functions of the vagina
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-birth canal
-receives penis during intercourse -passageway for menstruation |
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what's another word for the female external genitalia
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vulva
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what are the structures of the external genitalia
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does prolactin create milk or eject milk
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creates milk
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does oxytocin create milk or eject milk
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ejects milk
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how many lobes and lactiferous ducts per breast
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10-20
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breast anatomy
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how many women are affected by breast cancer
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1/8
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t/f men can get breast cancer
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t
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what are the risk factors of breast cancer
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genetic influences
-family history -breast cancer genes increased exposer to estrogen over a long period - early menarche with late menopause - never having been pregnant |
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best way to prevent or survive breast cancer.....
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early diagnosis
- self exam - mammogram |
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when does menopause usualy occur
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between the ages of 45-55
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what are the characteristics of menopause
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Cessation of ovulation and menstruation
Circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone decline Reduction in size of uterus and breasts Bone mass declines |