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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the __ types of connective tissue
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connective tissue proper
cartilage bone blood |
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what are the __ types of cartilage
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hyaline
fibrocartilage elastic |
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what are the characteristics of hyalin cartilage
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flexible but resilient
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where is hyalin cartilage found
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respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchi)
costal cartilage nose articular cartilage epyphyseal plate fetal skeleton |
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what are teh characteristics of fibrocartilage
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contains thick collagen fibers
shock absorber |
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where is fibrocartilage found
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interverterbral discs
menisci pubic symphisis |
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what are teh characteristics of elastic cartilage
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contains elastic fibers
provide flexibility |
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where is elastic cartilage found
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epiglottis
auricle of the ear |
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where is cartilage
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what is the structure of cartilage
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chondroblasts
chondrocytes extracellular matrix perichondrium |
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what are chondroblasts
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cells that produce cartilage matrix
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what are chondrocytes
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mature cartilage cells that reside in lacunae
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what is the extracellular matrix
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protein fibers embedded in agel like ground substance
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what is perichondrium
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dense irregular connective tissue
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what are the charactiristcs of general cartilage
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semirigid, weaker than bone
flexible and resilient due to elastic fibers and water content avascular receives nutrient supply through diffusion |
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what are the functions of cartilage
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support soft tissues
articulare surfaces fro joints provide a model for endochondral bone formation |
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what are teh __ functions of bone
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4
support and protect movement hemopoiesis(hematopoiesis) storage of minerals and energy reserves |
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how does bone support and protect
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creates framework of body
protects vital organs from injury |
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how does bone allow movement
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provide attachment sites for muscles
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what is hematopoiesis
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production of blood from red bone marrow
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how does bone provide storage of minerals and energy reserves
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calcium phosphate
yellow bone marrow |
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what are teh __ classifications of bone structures
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4
long short flat irregular |
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what bones are classified as long bones
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Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals
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what bones are classified as short bones
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Carpals, tarsals, sesamoid bones (patella
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what bones are classified as flat bones
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Skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs
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what bones are classified as irregular bones
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Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxa, ethmoid, sphenoid
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what is the structure of long bones
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Compact bone
Spongy bone Epiphysis Diaphysis Metaphysis (epiphyseal plate or line) Articular cartilage medullary cavity endosteum periosteum perforating fibers nutrient foramen |
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what is contained in the medullary cavity
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contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in children
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what is the endosteum
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layer of ells lining the spongy bone and medullary cavity
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what is the periosteum
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dense irregular connective tissue outer covering of bone
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what are teh __ types of bone cells
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4
osteoprogenitor cells osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts |
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what is an osteoprogenitor cells
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bone stem cells
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what is an oseoblasts
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build bone by secreting osteoid
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what is and osteocyte
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mature bone cells tha maintain bone matrix
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what are osteoclasts
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cells that consume bone
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what are the characteristics of compact bone
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Also called cortical bone
Lined by the periosteum Contains osteon |
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what are the characteristics of spongy bone
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Also called cancellous or trabecular bone
Lined by endosteum Often contains red bone marrow |
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what makes up the structure of compact bone
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Osteon (Haversian system)
Central canal (Haversian canal) Lamellae Osteocytes Lacunae Canaliculi Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals |
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memorize
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memorize
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what is the structure of spongy bone
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Trabeculae
Crisscrossing bars and plates Parallel lamellae Osteocytes within lacunae Canaliculi |
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memorize
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what is intramembranous ossification
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bone growth within a membrane
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what bones are formed by intramembranous ossification
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flat bones of the skull
some facial bones, mandible clavicle |
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memorize picture of intramembranous ossification
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what is endochondral ossification
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bone growth within cartilage
turns fetal framework of hyalin cartilage into bone |
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what bones are formed by endochondral ossification
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most bones
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process of endochondral ossification
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what are the __ types of bone growth
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2
interstitial growhth (length) epiphyseal plates appositional growth (thickness) occurs at periosteum and endosteum |
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bone growth
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what are the __ types of bone fractures
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4
simple open or compound stress pathologic |
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what is a simple fracture
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bone doesnet pierce the skin
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what is an open or compund fracture
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bone pierces the skin
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what is a stress fracture
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think break from repetitive loads
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what is a pathologic fracture
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disease weakens bones
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what are the steps of fracture repair
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fracture hematoma
fibrocartilage (soft) callus forms boney (hard) callus forms bone remodeled |
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fracture repair photo
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what are the characteristics and cause of osteomalacia
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called rickets in children
soft bones bowed legs vitamin d deficieny calcium deficiency |
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what are teh characteristics of osteoporosis
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excessive bone resorption
among aged and post menopausal |
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what are the characteristics of osteitis deformans
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also called paget's disease
excessive oseteoclast and osteoblaxt function bone is unstable and immature most common in os coxa, skull, vertebrae, femur and tibia |