Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is anatomy?
|
- describes structures of body
-what they are made of -where they are located - associated structures |
|
what is physiology?
|
- study of functions of anatomical structures
- independent and coopertive functions |
|
the relationship between structures and functions
|
- all physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures
- what a structure can do is depent on its structural make up. |
|
gross or macroscopic anatomy
|
examine large, visible structures
|
|
surface anatomy
|
exterior features
|
|
regional anatomy
|
body areas
|
|
systemic anatomy
|
groups of organs working together
|
|
developmental anatomy
|
from egg (embryology) to maturity
|
|
clinical anatomy
|
medical specialties
|
|
microscopic anatomy
|
examine cells molecules
|
|
cytology
|
cells and their structures
cyt= cells |
|
histology
|
tissues and their structures
|
|
(specialties of physiology)
cell physiology |
processes within and between cells
|
|
special physiology
|
functions of special organs
|
|
systemic physiology
|
functions of an organ system
|
|
pathological physiology
|
effect of diseases
|
|
how are living things organized??
|
from simple to complex
|
|
atoms (1)
|
are the smallest chemical units
|
|
molecules (2)
|
are a group of atoms working together
|
|
organelles (3)
|
are a group of molecules working together
|
|
cells (4)
|
are a group of molecules working together
|
|
tissues (5)
|
are a group of similar cells working together
|
|
organs (6)
|
are a group of different tissues working together
|
|
organ system
|
are a group of organs working together
|
|
organelles (3)
|
are a group of molecules working together
|
|
cells (4)
|
are a group of molecules working together
|
|
tissues (5)
|
are a group of similar cells working together
|
|
organs (6)
|
are a group of different tissues working together
|
|
organ system (7)
|
are a group of organs working together
|
|
organism (8)
|
is an individual
|
|
protein molecules
|
chemical level
|
|
protein filaments
|
organelle level
|
|
muscle cells
|
cellular level
|
|
cardiac muscle tissue
|
tissue level
|
|
heart
|
organelle level
|
|
11 organ and levels or organization
|
- integumentary
- skeletal - muscular - nervous - endocrine - cardiovascular - lymphatic - respiratory - digestive - urinary - reproductive |
|
what is homeostasis?
|
- the ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment regardless of the external environment
|
|
what is homeostasis regulation?
|
- the adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis.
|
|
mechanisms of regulation
|
- autoregulation (intrinsic) (automatic responses in a cell, tissue or organ
- Extrensic regulation (responses controlled by nervous and endocrine sytems |
|
what are the anatomical terms used to describe body sections, and regions?
|
- anatomical position (hands at sides, palms forward)
- supine ( lying down, face up/ on back) - prone ( lying down, face down/ on stomach) |
|
quadrants and regions
|
- abdominopelvic quadrants ( around umbilicus
- 9 abdominopelvic regions ( internal organs are associated with abdominopelvic regions |
|
what hare the major body cavities and the subdivisions?
|
- coelom ( divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity)
- cranial cavity (houses brain) - spinal cavity (houses spinal cord) * BOTH LOCATED DORSAL |
|
isolating the organs
|
- serious membranes ( consists or parietal layer and visceral layer
|
|
what is the study of life?
|
- biology
|
|
anatomy is to ....... as physiology is to .......
(FILL IN THE BLANKS) |
- (anatomy) structure
- (physiology) functions |
|
locomotion and heat production are the function of the??
|
- muscular system
|
|
kidneys and urinary bladder are functions of what system?
|
- urinary system
|
|
skin, hair, nails, are part of what system?
|
- integumentary system
|
|
what means maintenance if the environment?
|
- homeostasis
|
|
when the body temperature rises, a center in the brain reacts to stops the problem. what is this called?
|
- negative feedback
|
|
wrist is .... to elbow
|
- distal
|
|
chest is.... to umbilicus
|
- superior
|
|
planes of body figure
(chapter one study guide packet) |
- frontal (1)
- transverse(2) - saggital(3) |
|
regional body references figure
(chapter one study guide packet) |
- cephalon (1)
- acromial (2) - dorsum (3) - lumbar (4) - gluteus (5) - pupliteus (6) - sura (7) - axilla (8) - brachium (9) - abdominal (10) - femur (11) - oculus (12) - oral (13) - cervicis (14) - thorax (15) - antecubitis (16) - umbilicus (17) - pubis (18) - palmar (19) patella (20) |
|
human body orientation and direction figure
(chapter one study guide packet) |
- superior (1)
- dorsal (2) - interior (3) - distal (4) - proximal (5) - anterior (6) |
|
body cavities- sagittal view figure
(chapter one study guide packet) |
- ventral (1)
- pleural (2) - diaphragm (3) - abdominal (4) - pelvic (5) - cranial (6) - spinal (7) - dorsal (8) |
|
body cavities- anterior view figure
(chapter one study guide packet) |
- left pleural cavity (1)
- pericardial cavity (2) - right pleural cavity (3) - diaphragm (4) - abdominopelvic cavity (5) |
|
maintaining normal limits
|
- receptor (monitors the environment; detects changes)
- control center (processes the signal and sends instructions) - effectors(carries out instructions) |
|
negative feedback
|
- the response of the effector negates the stimulus
- the original stimulus is either shut off or reduced in intensity |
|
positive feedback
|
- the response of the effector reinforces the stimulus
- positive means that the change occurs in the direction of the original stimulus |
|
key concepts
|
- homeostasis is a state of equilibrium
- opposing forces in balance - physiological systems work to restore balance - failure results in disease or death. |
|
cephalon
|
- head
- cephalic region |
|
cervicis
|
- neck
- cervical region |
|
thoracis
|
- thorax or chest
- thoracic region |
|
brachium
|
- arm
- brachial region |
|
antebrachium
|
- forearm
- antebrachial region |
|
carpus
|
- wrist
- carpal region |
|
manus
|
- hands
- manual region |
|
abdomen
|
- abs
- abdominal region |
|
lumbus
|
- loin
- lumbar region |
|
gluteus
|
- buttocks
- gluteal region |
|
pelvis
|
- pelvis
- pelvic region |
|
pubis
|
- anterior pelvis
- pubic region |
|
inguen
|
- groin
- inguinal region |
|
femur
|
- thigh
- femoral region |
|
crus
|
- anterior leg
- crural region |
|
sura
|
- calf
- sural region |
|
tarsus
|
- ankle
- tarsal region |
|
pes
|
- foot
- pedal region |
|
planta
|
- sole
- plantar region |
|
anterior
( in textbook table 1-3) |
- the front; before
|
|
ventral
|
- the belly side (equivalent to anterior when referring to human body)
|
|
posterior or dorsal
|
- the back; behind
|
|
cranial or cephalic
|
- the head
|
|
superior
|
- above at a higher level (in human body, toward the head)
|
|
caudal
|
- the tail (coccyx in humans)
|
|
inferior
|
- below; at a lower level
|
|
medial
|
- toward the body's longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane
|
|
lateral
|
-away from the body's longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane
|
|
proximal
|
- toward an attached base
|
|
distal
|
- away from an attached base
|
|
superficial
|
- at, near, or relatively close to the body surface
|
|
deep
|
- farther from the body surface
|