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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 DNA processes
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1. DNA replication
2. Transcription 3. Translation |
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DNA replication
1. starting molecule: ________ 2. molecule produced: _________ 3. purpose: ________ |
1. DNA
2. DNA 3. copy DNA to replicate |
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DNA Transcription
1. starting molecule:___________ 2. molecule produced:________ 3. purpose:_______ |
1. DNA
2. mRNA 3. create genetic material to code for short-term |
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DNA Translation
1. starting molecule:_______ 2. molecule produced:________ 3. purpose:________ |
1. mRNA
2. protein 3. to produce protein to perform needed function |
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Primary functions of nucleic acids
1. 2. |
1. carry genetic information
2. add infrastructure to other biological processes -tRNA -rRNA |
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carries genetic information long-term
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DNA
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carries genetic information short-term
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mRNA
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Two historical studies done to determine function of DNA
1. 2. |
1. Avery, McCarty, MacLead (1944)
2. Hershey Chase study (1952) |
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What was the Avery, McCarty, MacLead study?
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•Degraded transforming cellular components
▪used proteases, RNases, DNases ▪Demonstrate that only when DNA is degraded, transformation stops |
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What was the Hershey Chase study?
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•Bacteriophage infection with labeled protein and DNA
▪Protein labeled with Sulfur ▪DNA labeled with Phosphorus •After infection begins, agitate culture, ▪Determine which isotope is contained within the cells ▪Still see daughter virions produced, lack of protein |
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
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Nucleotides
》A, T, C, G, and U |
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3 Components of A Nucleotide
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nitrogenous base
5 - carbon sugar phosphate |
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Draw a nucleotide.
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Nucleotides are covalently bounded via ______________.
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phosphodiester linkages
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What is the directionality of nucleic acids?
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5' ------》3'
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New bases are always added to the ______' end.
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3'
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________ bonds between bases.
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hydrogen
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________ project from the backbone of DNA.
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nitrogenous bases
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The secondary structure of DNA was discovered by _______ & _________.
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Watson and Crick
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Two strands of DNA form a _________. (shape)
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double helix
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DNA strands run (parallel / antiparallel)
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antiparallel
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DNA Replication:
1.Each strand serves as the template for replicating the other. Due to: ________________ & ______________ Results in one strand of original DNA, and one new strand 2. Requires lots of ________. ____________ reaction. dNTPs incorporated as DNMPs ATP ----》 AMP (3 P to 1 P) |
1. complimentary base pairing // semi-conservative replication
2. energy // polymerization |